The Study of Connotations of Certain Color Words in Chinese and English Culture

1Introduction Language is a kind of social phenomenon and is the carrier of culture. At the same time, it is an important part of culture. However, it is vocabulary that carries the cultural information most and reflects the human beings' social and cultural life most obviously. Vocabulary encapsulates the different cultures, and meanwhile, cultural differences result in connotative divergence of vocabulary.     

The Role of Multipurpose Community Access Point in Enhancing E - Learningand Civil Society in Indonesia

Information and communication are important elements in the growth of societies; they determine the characteristics of the societies. Multipurpose Community Access Points as the lowest locus of the information receiving and transmitting, data storage and retrieval, and also as the locus for the basic interaction among members of the community will presume to contribute a lot to community development especially to improve the quality of life as the whole. E - Learning is a process of transfer of Information （knowledge）, in the sense of science, and values （social, cultural, ethical and moral values）. E-government is an application of ICT to enhance government administration. Its contents may be very complex, but it is meant to enhance public services. Due to the social and cultural implications ICT is also said as civilizing. The use of ICTs has social, economic and cultural implications to reach civil society.     

Cross-Cultural Comparison: Aesthetic Appreciation of Palace Art in the Mid-Qing Dynasty and French“Rococo”Art

In the cross-cultural context,as artistic and cultural phenomena between the East and the West,the palace art in the mid-Qing Dynasty and the French“Rococo”art is bound to be influenced by the social history,artistic and cultural environment in which they live.Through a parallel comparison of the aesthetics of court art in the mid-Qing Dynasty and French Rococo art,it is found that there are similarities in the social and cultural environments and the aesthetic tastes of the aesthetic subject at that time,and there are differences in the presentation of the function of art culture and the aesthetic style of the aesthetic subject.At the same time,there is a phenomenon of the east-west integration of“western law for use”and“eastern elements”.     

Social and Cultural Influence on Word Meaning

Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.     

Nature or nurture, which is more important?

Everyone is unique owing to biological, social and cultural factors, and both of these factors can impact gender roles. However, the impact of social and cultural factors more important than others. ...     

A Comparison between American Individualism and Chinese Collectivism-From the View of Cherishing Life in War

There is a large discrepancy in the value concept of life.We know that the ways of cherishing life are different in war to the soldiers from different cultures.We may perceive that people’s concept has been much influenced by the different cultural background and social environment.And similar cultural background and social environment may make people’s value trend introject.     

A Study of Sexism in English Language

Language plays an important role in society. It is a kind of social phenomenon and reflects all the sides of human society naturally. Inevitably, sexism is also reflected in language. As a kind of linguistic phenomenon which exists objectively, the phenomenon of gender discrimination in English language has deep history background and cultural roots for its emergence and development.     

The Narrator’s Pangs in Pangs of Love : Uncertainty of Cultural Identity

Pangs of Love tells the experiences of Chinese American immigrants, and especially the pangs the narrator, as a second generation, feels in family, love and social affairs. Based on the analysis of the narrator’s pangs, this paper argues that it is mainly the uncertainty of cultural identity that leads to the pangs of the narrator, and of the second generation Chinese Americans. This paper shows that the second generation can take advantage of their dual but conflicting cultural heritages to develop a renewed and specific cultural identity.     

The Application of Genre-based Approach in Teaching English Reading in Mid-level Professional School

Reading is a complex process,and effective reading is preceded by discourse patterns,namely genre knowledge of the passage structure.Genre-based approach applies the theory of genre and genre analysis to the classroom,and develops teaching activities revolving around the schematic structure of a text.It is attempted by teaching genre knowledge to cultivate students’ genre awareness under certain social and cultural environment for enhancing their reading comprehension.     

《商丘职业技术学院学报》总目次（2014年）

City poverty is a major social problem in China＇s social transition period. It is the dual pressures in the economy and society. Inprinciple, the factors of the poor will inevitably cause poverty, but in essence, city poverty produce on changes of variety of political system andsocial policy. In poverty governance, governance guide leads to a common governance of social organization, enterprise, government. In themode of governance, it＇s from poverty alleviation relieto development-oriented poverty reduction, and then to the participatory poverty reduc-tion. In governance objectives, the paper mainly introduces a process of economic poverty to poor ability, and finally reaches the purpose of alle-viating social exclusion.     

A Study on Incorporating Cultural Background into High School English Teaching

Language is a social communication tool, and has the inseparable relationship with the social culture. In rcent years, with the acceleration of reform and opening up, foreign exchanges become more frequent, and cross-cultural communication in every nation become the indispensable part of life. But cultural differences are cross-cultural communication barriers, which has become a common problem facing the world. Therefore, culture plays a very important role in English teaching, which is widely acknowledged by English teaching circle. In view of the above problems, this paper discusses how to present cultural background information and expose learners to it in the need of English teaching at Chinese High school so as to help learners grasp the crux of the language and develop their ability to communicate in English.     

On Culture and Culture Study

Culture study has become a new trend in the acdamic fields, no matter what you are involved in is literature study, social study or the image study. People more and more focus their attention on cultural phenomena. While to what is culture in nature, pepole have different perspectives.Compared with the conception of society, the nature of culture is illustrated in the paper, and it is furthered to analyze how to define the scope and object of the cultural study.     

Several Cultural Mistakes in Foreign Language Communication

Culture and language are both products of hum an society. This paper concerns the close relationship betweelanguage and culture. Some social scientists consider that language is the keystone of culture. Language is a media of communicationwhich is culturally conditioned. Culture, as a significant feature of human society and the soil for language emergence as well abackground for language use, is closely knitted together with language. However, current teaching syllabus in China does noprovide a system of the specific cultural contents to be included in any teaching program. Culture as a set of traits is by and largeneglected area and has drawn little attention. According to a famous professor Hu Wenzhongs paper, more than 90% students admithat there is a cultural gap between native English speakers and Chinese English learners and all of them think that awareness ocultural difference should be made a goal in language learning and teaching. In intercultural communication, culturamisunderstanding is often worse than linguistic one and tend to create ill feeling between native speakers and Chinese speakers oEnglish. Therefore, cultural mistakes as well as linguistic mistakes should be avoided in order to be successful in inter culturacommunication.     

A Comparative Study of Politeness Principle in Chinese and English Language and Culture

Politeness is the badge of human civilization,and a significant criterion to human society activity; politeness,as a social phenomenon,is the imperative tool and method to maintain human relation in perfect harmony; politeness is a kind of social conventions,it lays certain restraints on all the social members. From ancient to modern times,either in East or West,people always attach great importance to politeness. To save face of the speaker or the hearer,politeness is of considerable practical significance in the conversation. As a matter of fact,its value can never be underestimated. However,due to different historical,lingual and cultural backgrounds,different societies may have different criteria to politeness. And this leads to some problems such as misunderstandings and embarrassments in cross-cultural or intercultural communication. In order to solve these problems,many scholars and linguists at home and abroad have proposed different principles of politeness so far. The author aims to make a comparative study on politeness principles between Chinese and English language and cultures. Analyzing the differences can help to remove the communicative barrier encountered by people who come from different countries with different cultural backgrounds and effectively promote further mutual understanding and cross-cultural communication.     

English and Chinese Euphemisms and Cross Cultural Communication

As a linguistic phenomenon, euphemism exists in all kinds of languages, so it is widely used by various circles of society. It is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a kind of social phenomenon, which is a reflection of the social culture in the language. Euphemism has already penetrated into all aspects of daily life, and reflected different national psychologies and cultural differences. As the development of the society and human civilization and the accelerated process of economic globalization, the role euphemism plays in human communication especially in cross-cultural communication has been increasingly prominent. Here a comparative study on English and Chinese euphemisms is made to help to be familiar with similarities and differences of the use of euphemism in English and Chinese languages so as to reduce errors resulting in cross- culture communication, and improve cross-cultural communicative competence.     

Cross-cultural adaptation of Chinese students in the Netherlands

This study investigates the influence of demographic and academic variables, intercultural communication self-efficacy, and multicultural personality dimensions on cross-cultural adaptation of Chinese students （N=168） who have stayed for a couple of months in the Netherlands. The results indicate that different personality dimensions have more or less predictive power depending on the aspects of cross-cultural adaptation. Specifically, emotional stability appears to be a positive predictor for academic performance, psychological well-being, and a negative predictor for experienced difficulties, whereas cultural empathy, open-mindedness and social initiative are more important predictors for indicators of social adjustment, such as having friends and receiving social support. Intercultural communication self-efficacy is related to higher academic performance, fewer experienced difficulties, and more satisfaction with life. In addition, a remarkable finding is that women do better than men do on academic performance, receive more social support and are more satisfied with their lives.     

Remarks on American Taboos

Language serves as the tool of communication between people.In any language persons,things and activities that are ta boos should not be talked about or should be mentioned in a roundabout way.it is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a social phenomenon.The origin of taboo is deeply rooted in the social and cultural background.Today in the increasingly frequent cross-cultural communication,if you do not understand the language taboos,it will hinder the smooth communication.This pa per will talk about American taboos from two aspects.It is designed to help English learners understand American culture and im prove competence of cross-cultural communication.     

Sustainable urbanization：energy and environment in the Chongqing Municipality,China

Chongqing is the largest municipality under the Chinese Central Government （MCG） in terms of administrative area and population and is now the most important economic and cultural center of the upper Yangtze River and Three Gorges area. The Three Gorges Dam project, one of the largest world infrastructure projects, causes a great deal of immigration to Chongqing and results in the rapid urbanization of the city, and it has brought in a great deal of environmental impact, which is a global concerned issue. This paper introduces the city profile of Chongqing municipality and its urbanization impact on energy and environment. The demand and the trend of energy consumption in built environment （building and transport） have been analysed. The living environment of Chongqing residents and the local energy efficient policy have been introduced. Finally the authors discuss the key issues of the sustainable urban development of Chongqing.     

On Individualism and Self-Reliance of Americans

The American self-concept is the integral assumption of the culture, and the best expression of it is the individualism and self-reliance. In social relations, individualism asserts its influence om many aspects such as morality, ethics, or financial matters. Also individualism reflects a continuous frontier between the individual and the cultural. For being self-reliance, Americans approve self-motivation,which in the sense of long-range goals, as well as for a specific and immediate task.     

Geiogamah’s 49 and Reconstruction of American Native Cultural Identity

Cultural identity in Geiogamah’s play 49 represented a common concern of contemporary American Indian writers.Geiogamah highlighted the renewal and reconstruction of tribe tradition and cultural identity for native Indians.He stressed the imperative of maintaining ethnic tradition in identity quest by way of cultural rejuvenation,and ritual experience.The play dem onstrated that the way for the Indians in the modernization is to protect national culture,return to the tribe tradition and face the social reality.