德国大学入学资格模式的历史考察

德国早期大学深受欧洲古老大学影响，实行自由入学制度，这与大学的基督教信仰相联系。１８世纪国家从教会手中夺回大学控制权，为适应资本主义发展和国家集权管理教育的需要，逐渐取消自由入学制度，至１８３４年形成以人文中学毕业考试为标准的大学入学资格制度。第三帝国时期遭破坏。战后不断变革发展，形成至今完善的独具特色的大学入学资格模式     

现代高等教育的结构和职能

一、从历史上和制度上看高等教育 1.高等教育制度的建立和发展阶段高等教育作为一种教育制度的出现,可以追溯到欧洲中世纪发明的大学制度。最早的中世纪大学产生于十二世纪的意大利、法国和英国,如意大利的波洛尼亚大学、法国的巴黎大学和英国的牛津大学。这种大学是一种行会组织。拉丁文叫作“University”,     

英国大学董事会制度的变迁

本文以大学治理的权力结构为标准,分析了英国大学董事会制度从牛桥模式、92前模式到92后模式发展变化的内在动因,并揭示了不同模式中董事会内部的组成和相应的功能,以此揭示以董事会为权力核心的大学治理变革所起的作用.我国的大学治理可以借鉴英国董事会制度的有益经验,提高大学的治理水平,实现从多种决策力量的动态制衡到决策多元的变革,从而实现真正意义上的大学治理的法治化、效率化和科学化.     

复习教学要在“理”上做文章——以2011年高考江苏卷第23题为例

2011年高考江苏卷第23题以“近代世界史中,英国在政治变革与经济发展方面远远走在其他国家前列,由此成为现代化潮流的‘领头羊＇”为牵引,从奇波拉《欧洲经济史》、刘成等《英国：从称霸世界到回归欧洲》、程汉大《文化传统与政治变革》、恩格斯《社会主义从空想到科学的发展》英文版导言中摘取材料,让考生在阅读、联系、概括的基础上,...     

20世纪末英国教育制度变革探微

作为社会福利体系最为科学和完善的欧洲国家之一,英国教育制度承袭了英国悠久的教育传统,经过几百年的沿革,教育制度体系相当完善和复杂,且具有非常大的灵活性和适应性。20世纪末,在"第三条道路"的政治主张下,英国的教育福利事业不仅没有式微,反而得到空前的关注与重视。英国政府从教育发展地位、理念、目标、原则等诸多角度入手,进行大规模的教育制度变革,变革结果极大地满足了国家教育发展需要,兼顾了公平与效率,实现了教育科技引领进步的现实需求。为此,文章以20世纪末英国教育制度变革为历史背景,理性审视变革取得的成效与不足,以期对我国教育制度改革和发展有所裨益。     

北京大学出版社教育出版中心部分新书

正现代大学及其图新:纽曼遗产在英国和美国的命运本书采用了历史"旅行"的手法,围绕维多利亚时代的知识分子约翰·亨利·纽曼和他的经典著作《大学的理念》,以及他所处时代的大学组织和文化所发生的变革而展开。"旅行"连接了19世纪和20世纪的大学历史,其叙述的重心是形成了纽曼大学理念的牛津、剑桥大学的变革历程乃至牛津,剑桥之外的英国和美国的大学史,但也就便浏览了欧洲大陆国家的大学发展史。这种宏阔的历史"旅行"手法使本书能自如地讨论两个世纪以来与政府、经济、社会、文化等外部因素相关联的英、美大学的内部     

英国大学享有最高自主权

据英国《泰晤士高等教育副刊》公布的一份关于制度自主权研究的报告显示,在国家干预方面,与欧洲其他国家的大学相比较,英国大学享有最大的自主权。在这份自主权研究的报告中,英国高度的学术自由、资金独立以及分权式录取程序引起了广泛的关注。这份名为《欧洲大学自主权》的报告,从4个维     

教会大学对现代大学制度形成的影响

中国民国时期由于外国侵略引发庚子赔款,出现教会大学,促使中国教育发生巨大变革,极大的促进了中国现代大学制度的发展。通过对民国时期教会大学的研究思考能为我国现代大学制度发展提供一定历史经验。本文从民国时期入手,以教会大学为切入点看现代大学制度的起源与发展。     

英国大学享有最高自主权

据英国《泰晤士高等教育副刊》2011年11月17日报道,本周欧洲大学协会(European UniversityAssociation)公布的一份关于制度自主权研究的报告显示,在国家干预方面,与欧洲其他国家的大学相比,英国大学享有最大的自主权。在欧洲大学协会(EUA)公布这份自主权研究的报告中,英国高度的学术自由、资金独立以及分权式录取程序引起了关注。这份名为《欧洲大学自     

高等教育中的公立与私立问题--以英国为例的研究

从撒切尔夫人开始,英国就进行了广泛私有化改革,但英国的高等教育仍然由政府部门主导。最近的15年间,英国高等教育的财政制度和学校体制发生了巨大的变革,市场机制在英国高等教育中扮演了越来越重要的角色。在高等教育的结构方面,由过去主要以研究型大学为主,发展为多种类型大学并存。在政府对高等教育的管制方式方面,政府通过质量保证局与研究评估局,加强了对大学的绩效管理。在经费方面,一方面加强了绩效拨款,另一方面强调学生分担教育成本。在大学管理方面,在加强政府监督的同时,也进一步扩大了大学的自主权。这表明私营部门在英国高等教育变革中所扮演的角色越来越重要。     

Changes in the European University: From Traditional to Entrepreneurial

Major changes are happening in European universities, associated with changes in the funding awangements. Success in the market place is supplanting peer group recognition as a criterion of university achievement. Science is being supplanted by technology. This article examines these changes in the light of the historical devebpent of the European university and with particular reference to changes in Swedish universities.     

高校内部审计理念探索

高校在向规模化和内涵化发展的同时,教育审计也处在发展完善的过程中。对于高校内部审计而言,不论是外部环境还是内在发展,都要求构建和完善审计理念。从"制度与经营"、"服务与发展"、"管理与效益"、"审计与和谐"四个角度对高校内部审计理念进行了探讨。     

The organizational identity of Ukrainian universities as claimed through their mission statements

After the Revolution of Dignity (2014), Ukraine signed an Association Agreement with the European Union. In the context of European integration, new legislation on higher education has been adopted. Changes in the institutional environment expect responses from higher education institutions, in particular changes in the organizational identities of Ukrainian universities that are claimed through the mission statements. As Ukrainian universities are in the stage of transition from the Soviet past to the European future, it is of primary importance how they interpret and respond to the changes in the institutional environment, claiming their organizational identity through mission statements. To answer this question, sociological institutionalism is applied as a theoretical framework for the exploration of how institutions shape the organizational identities of universities. A content analysis of the mission statements of 46 Ukrainian universities was conducted: 26 defined before the adoption of the new legislation on higher education in 2014 and 20 formulated after this date.     

Conceptions of Contemporary European Universities: to do research or not to do research?

The article examines the extent to which the notion of a publicly-funded university as an institution engaging in both teaching and research is likely to be sustained in the European higher education space of the future, given the variety of pressures (including funding and mass higher education) on such a conception of a university and changes in how national governments regard the purposes of higher education. Relevant literature on the changing purposes of universities is reviewed. For illustrative purposes, the article uses an example of recent legislation, the 2004 Higher Education Act, in England, whereby research degree awarding powers are no longer a pre-requisite for the conferral of university status. The position in England's higher education system with regard to research and teaching is contrasted with that of a second UK country, Scotland, which has contrasting policies on teaching and research in universities. The article examines the research-teaching debate from the perspective of individual academics, universities and policy-makers, using recent empirical data where available. It is suggested that whilst academics and their institutions (for different reasons) may be in favour of retaining a link between teaching and research and may resist changes to this, policy-makers faced with rising demands on the public purse may see such links as suited only to an academic elite. Such pressures apply equally to other member countries of the European Higher Education space, so the outcomes of this policy debate about the centrality of research and teaching to universities have many implications for the future shape of European higher education.     

The Entrepreneurial University: a Fine Answer to a Difficult Problem?

The recent changes in the relationship between universities and society and the change of attitudes of governments towards higher education institutions are analysed. The different possible reactions of the institutions to the more demanding attitude of society as a whole are discussed. The authors present a critical view of the concept of entrepreneurial universities based on the work of Burton Clark and on the results of the quality audits of the Association of European Universities (CRE), and offer some comments about their applicability and usefulness to European higher education systems.     

INTER‐UNIVERSITY CO‐OPERATION IN EUROPE: THE IMPACT OF REGIONAL UNIVERSITY CO‐OPERATION ON THE PROMOTION OF EAST‐WEST RELATIONS

The development of inter‐university co‐operation in Europe is conditioned by such major sets of events'as the evolution of the EC, growing environmental awareness, and the recent revolutionary changes in eastern Europe. Attempts to develop inter‐university cooperation between eastern and western European universities must still cope with the heritage of some forty‐five years of a divided Europe. Such strong points of the eastern European universities as research capacity should be recognized. A very good way to further inter‐university co‐operation on a broad front is through interregional co‐operation, particularly that linking contiguous regions on the East‐West European divide.     

也谈新形势下高校内部审计工作的改进与创新

随着我国高校教育管理体制改革的不断深入,高等学校的环境已发生巨大的变化,这些变化使高校的经济关系越来越复杂,内部审计工作也面临着各种严峻的挑战。分析了高校内部审计工作的现状,并提出创新高校内部审计工作的建议。     

浅谈高校收费的审计监督

随着高校改革的不断推进,我国教育投入逐年加大,高校收费出现的问题也日益增多。本文依据高校收费的审计现状,分析了高校收费中存在的问题及成因,并提出了解决这些问题的审计建议。     

An explorative study of the consequences of university autonomy in Finland and Brazil

This paper contributes to the analysis of impacts a university might experience with an increased degree of autonomy. Most autonomy studies have empirically considered the legal, political and financial relationships between state authorities and universities in different national contexts. Nevertheless, most of these studies focus on the changes experienced by European universities with increased autonomy. This paper argues that the focus on the Western European perspective limits the conclusions drawn from the relatively homogeneous policy context that frames the perspectives of university autonomy under investigation. This paper will advance research on autonomy and the understanding of changes produced by expanded autonomy in two concrete cases that occurred in contrasting policy frameworks: the University of Tampere, Finland, and the University of São Paulo, Brazil.     

Audit cultures,labour, and conservative movements in the global university

I want to use this essay – basically a commentary – as a context for some political reflections on what is happening to the governance and the labour processes at universities internationally. In the process, in addition to my critical reflections on the neoliberal impulses affecting universities, I want to do two other things. First, I shall expand the range of work and workers that need to be considered if our analyses are to be true to the range and depth of these transformations. And second, I also want to complicate the usual critical analyses of what is happening in higher education by broadening the discussion to include movements that include but go beyond the class-based models that are often employed. Thus, in a later part of this essay, I urge us to pay closer attention to conservative religious movements and institutions that are having an increasing impact on the politics of knowledge at universities in a number of countries.