Integrating positive psychology into schools: Implications for practice

Traditional approaches for working with children and families in the schools focus on problems and disturbance. The concept of positive psychology as a way to change this focus is offered through exploration of its integration within school psychology. Specifically, the application of positive psychology can form the basis of preventive practices within the school setting. Examples of this application are provided within common roles of the school psychologist (consultation, direct work, educational assessment and planning). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 163–172, 2004.     

积极心理学与学校心理健康教育

积极心理学给学校心理健康教育工作提供了新的思路,它起到了更新教育理念,拓展教育目标,转变教育模式的重要作用,从而创新了心理健康教育的途径。     

积极心理学观照下的高职校心理健康教育工作模型构建

积极心理学是上世纪末到本世纪初在美国兴起的心理学新思潮,旨在让人类可以通过心理学的研究成果获得更加幸福的生活。随着人们对生活质量越来越高的要求,积极心理学理论也越来越受到广泛关注,被某些研究者称为心理学的"新三大势力"之一。基于积极心理学的思想重新整合职业学校心理健康教育的各种要素,将可以构建新型心理健康教育模式。这一探索对积极心理学的实践运用以及高职校心理健康教育工作发展都具有理论和现实意义。     

Promoting resilience in schools: a view from occupational health psychology

This paper considers teacher resilience from the viewpoint of a discipline concerned with the interactions between work design, management style and employee health and well-being: occupational health psychology. It will be suggested that there are strong parallels between interventions designed to promote resilience and those designed to reduce work-related stress. The imperative for the latter type of intervention arises from a significant evidence base, summarised in many research studies and reviews of the scientific literature. In making this argument, this paper draws upon four sources of information: (i) the experience of employers outside the education sector in resilience building, (ii) the influence of work design and line manager behaviour on employee well-being, (iii) current British government advice to employers about reducing stress and (iv) an illustrative case study. It is argued that although robust evidence as to the effectiveness of resilience interventions in the education sector is still lacking, experience from other sectors suggest that schools might nurture resilience by improving work design and by providing appropriate training for employees and their line managers.     

Towards ICT in everyday life in Finnish schools: seeking conditions for good practices

The article discusses how to strengthen educational use of information and communication technology (ICT) in Finnish schools. The conceptions and experiences of the successful integration of ICT in everyday school settings are reported. Participant observations in 20 schools in different parts of Finland were carried out, including discussions with principals and teachers. The results show that when promoting new technology and practices in schools, many components overlap and support each other. The following six main characteristics of successful integration were identified: (1) ICT included in strategic planning, as part of school culture, (2) teaching and learning methods facilitating participation and leading to empowerment, (3) flexible curriculums, (4) high investments in communication, (5) optimum leadership and management, and (6) teaching staff's strong capacity and commitment. The research indicates that an open school culture allows staff to take risks when applying new technology, creates learning environments and empowers learners.     

通过体育教育促进学生心理健康发展

介绍了体育教育中促进学生心理发展的主要标志、基本内容、基本途径与方法等方面的研究成果,阐述了体育教育对提高学生心理素质的作用,为探讨体育教育促进学生心理全面发展提供了依据。     

积极心理学理念下的大学生心理健康教育新思考

传统的高校心理健康教育模式,重点关注预防和矫正大学生的心理问题,忽视了学生积极的情绪体验、潜能的开发和积极心理品质的培养。积极心理学重点关注人的积极品质,是一种积极乐观、充满人文关怀的教育理念,它为高校做好新时期大学生心理健康教育工作提供了新的方向和思路。     

积极心理学下的高职心理健康教育课程及教学改革分析

高职学生的教育环境相对一般的高层次学生较为复杂,其心理特点也相对独特,所以,在高职教育中,也需要注意高职学生的心理健康教学。由于近年来,高职学校的盲目扩大,造成了高职心理讲课教育教学课程化、理论化的模式,教师在教学中多是以说教、灌输等教学方式来实现课程教学,教学效果相对较差。对此,笔者认为需要进行高职心理健康课程教学改革,立足于高职院校心理健康教育,以积极心理学为指导,积极开展高校学生的心理辅导与建设,构建积极心理教学课程教学体系。     

从积极心理学看专科院校心理健康教育模式

积极心理学起源于上个世纪末,是一门利用科学的测量方法和实验手段,研究人们的潜在积极心理和完整人格等方面的心理学科。积极心理学能愉悦学生的身心,丰富学生的生活,是心理健康教育实现的有效途径。所以为了更好的开展对大学生心理健康的教育工作,就要注重积极心理学的理念培养,使学生以更加积极的心态面对生活。     

浅议在积极心理学的视角下完善高校心理健康教育

积极心理学主张心理学应该对个体自身拥有的积极品质进行研究,以此为理论基础的高校心理健康教育也应当以关注和建设学生积极面为重心。本文讨论了沿袭传统心理学模式的当前高校心理健康教育教学目标的偏失、方式的不足和效果的消减,并提出了引入积极心理学的高校心理健康教育应当以培养积极人格为目标,开发积极品质为内容,引入积极心理体验为手段。     

Introducing positive psychology: Finding a place within school psychology

An introduction to the special issue addressing positive psychology and its “place” in and implications for schools is provided. The articles contained within the issue are described within the context of our perspective regarding positive psychology in schools. As the study of positive psychology continues to evolve, it is likely that its application within other fields (including school psychology) will be more clearly expressed. We contend that the “success” of introducing, implementing, and sustaining positive psychology within schools may be dependent on its early yet also sustained integration across multiple contexts. And, a “positive” school psychology will require attention to the convergence of multiple, diverse areas of literature. The articles within this special issue begin this movement toward finding either a place for positive psychology within school psychology or a place for school psychology within positive psychology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 1–5, 2004.     

职业健康心理学:形成、实务与发展

职业健康心理学是形成于心理学研究、实践及职业中的一个新的交叉学科．学科形成的主要原因来自两个方面：人们对工作组织在雇员心理健康与成长中所扮演角色的认同和工作组织的成本效益分析．该文从学科的形成、实务（研究对象、研究方法、研究任务）、学科建设等3个方面对职业健康心理学作了简要的介绍．     

Improving the effectiveness of collaborative group work in primary schools: effects on science attainment

This longitudinal research tests the effectiveness of the SPRinG programme, which was developed through a collaboration between researchers and teachers and designed to provide teachers with strategies for enhancing pupil group work in ‘authentic’ classroom settings. An evaluation study involved comparing pupils in SPRinG classrooms and trained in group work skills with those who were not in terms of science attainment. There were 560 and 1027 pupils (8–10 years) in the experimental and control groups respectively. ‘Macro’ attainment data were collected at the start of the year. ‘Micro’ attainment data were collected in the spring and summer before and after science lessons involving either group work (intervention) or the control teachers' usual approach. SPRinG pupils made greater academic progress than control pupils. Findings are discussed relative to enhancing the quantity and quality of group work in schools and a social pedagogic approach to classroom learning.     

The quotidianisation of the war in everyday life at German schools during the First World War

Abstract

The outbreak of the First World War had a powerful impact on German schools. Undoubtedly, schools were institutions of socialisation that did offer support to the war. Indeed, research has shown that a specific “war pedagogy” made an aggressive propaganda possible in the classroom. This research usually emphasises the enthusiasm for war that swept up teachers and students in schools, as in the rest of the population, in the first few months of the war. However, this emphasis on the war frenzy obscures the fact that schools were not easily transformed into war institutions. Even if schools made a great effort to align themselves with the war effort, they remained independent associations, and soon after 1914, a quotidianisation (akin to routinisation) arose within the schools. To date, source materials that show this lack of influence of wartime propaganda on schools have only been analysed in terms of what they reveal about the deprivations and hardships of schools during the war. However, records from the schools also shed light on the everyday routines that continued during the war, and such evidence calls on scholars to reconsider the conditions in schools in the First World War. This article analyses selected records including school chronicles and exam protocols from the war years and shows that school life was often distinct from war enthusiasm. A more complex view is therefore advocated of the relationship between the First World War and the German school.     

积极心理学视野下高校心理健康课程的构建

大学生心理健康教育的重要性已得到高校的普遍认同,心理健康教育课程体系的建设与大学生心理健康教育的成败息息相关.高校心理健康教育课程体系当前在定位、内容设计、评估上存在一定的问题,结合积极心理学倡导的理念,从构建课程体系的积极方向、丰富课程内容、改进教学模式、建立多元、动态的评估标准等几个方面来建立积极、完善的心理健康教育课程体系.     

Competence,persistence, and success: The positive psychology of behavioral skill instruction

Early school failure is a critical factor in the development of peer rejection and antisocial behavior in children. This paper describes three sets of instructional strategies that have been shown to promote high levels of academic competence by arranging frequent opportunities for correct skill practice: (a) teaching children at their instructional level and monitoring progress, (b) teaching children differently as their skills improve, and (c) rewarding success and setting goals. Research is reviewed showing that practicing skills to high levels of fluency leads to retention and endurance, the emergence of new forms of a skill, and creative problem solving. The motivation of children to complete academic tasks through the strategic use of reinforcement is discussed, as are the implications of these strategies for encouraging children to be persistent, self‐motivated, life‐long learners. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 19–30, 2004.     

积极幻觉与当代积极心理学

积极幻觉是积极心理学的重要组成部分,是个体在生活中或在面临威胁性情景、压力性事件时所做出的一种对自我、现实生活和未来的消极方面的认知过滤。它主要包括自我概念的理想化、夸大对可控性的感知和不现实的乐观三种表现形式。问卷法是目前研究积极幻觉的主要方法。积极幻觉对人类和个体有着重要意义,主要涉及选择性注意、良性遗忘、容忍能力不足和消极自我图式等认知加工过程。相关研究主要集中在生理与心理健康、恋爱关系、学业成绩以及跨文化领域。未来的研究方向是丰富积极幻觉的负性研究,拓展积极认知的研究领域,开发本土化的测量工具等。