态度的结构及其教学启示

态度结构是指认知成分、情感成分和行为成分相互作用而构成的稳定结构。通过深入分析态度结构,归纳出态度的四大特性——稳定性、持久性、综合性和去情境性,总结出‘‘认知、情感、行为三成分齐头并进”、“关注学生原有的相关态度”、“重视儿童阶段的态度教学’、“注重实践和反馈”等原则,并在此基础上提炼出态度教学的具体策略。     

我国大陆随班就读态度研究综述

本文从研究对象、研究方法、研究具体内容及改变随班就读态度的策略等几方面对目前的随班就读态度研究现状进行了回顾和总结,分析了研究中存在的一些空白区域,希望能对未来的随班就读态度研究提供一些建议。     

从评价角度分析对比叶诗文夺冠引起的中西方态度差异

2012年伦敦奥运会上,16岁的中国游泳运动员叶诗文以破记录的表现获得了女子400米个人混合泳金牌后,西方某些媒体和个人质疑的舆论便不断涌来.本文则是以国内外媒体 对此新闻热点的报道语篇为语料进行对比分析.由于国内外研究大多注重新闻政治语篇,而体育报道语篇的研究尚且极少.因此本文借助于评价理论的次系统之一态度的三个子系统：情感、判断和鉴赏三个层面对体育报道中中西方媒体评论态度的意义进行分析,对比中西方媒体在观点和立场上的肯定和否定态度资源的不同     

以评价理论为视角解读中文电影评论中的态度资源

根据马丁和怀特提出的评价理论对电影评论这一文体中的态度资源进行分析发现,按出现频率的高低排列,态度资源依次出现的是鉴赏资源、判断资源、情感资源。这一分布特征反应了影评作者通过运用评价资源巧妙地将其个人观点客观化,从而使其更加令人信服。五篇影评中,作者运用不同的评价资源对电影的不同方面进行评价,但评价重点主要集中在对电影整体的评价以及对导演的评价等五方面。     

Teacher loyalty of elementary schools in Taiwan: the contribution of gratitude and relationship quality

Gratitude was an important missing factor in the extant relationship quality and relationship loyalty model. We introduced gratitude into the model of relationship quality and relationship loyalty. Two hundred and eighteen teachers from elementary schools in Taiwan were used to conduct an empirical research. The results show that teachers' gratitude has positive direct effects on teachers' trust, satisfaction and commitment. Teachers' trust has no significant effect on behavioural loyalty but has a significant effect on attitudinal loyalty. However, teachers' satisfaction has no significant effect on attitudinal loyalty but has a significant effect on behavioural loyalty. Teachers' commitment has a significant effect on behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. The mediating role of commitment implies that it (1) partially mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and attitudinal loyalty, and fully mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and behavioural loyalty; (2) partially mediates the relationship between teachers' satisfaction and behavioural loyalty, and fully mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and attitudinal loyalty.     

基于评价理论的英语学术书评研究

采用马丁提出的评价理论为框架对书评这一评价特征突出的语体从评价的三个子系统——态度、介入与级差进行分析,来揭示书评中实现评价意义的各种语言手段、挖掘书评中的态度资源。此外,采用De Carval-ho对英语书评语类结构的三分法,探讨了各种态度资源在不同语类结构中的分布特点。经过分析得出书评作者在不同的语类结构中使用态度资源的频率呈系统性变化。     

The impact of a professional development programme on teachers' attitudes towards inclusion

This article describes a study that aimed to answer the following question: ‘Will a programme of professional development in the area of special and inclusive education be effective in achieving attitudinal shift in teachers?’ Forty‐eight teachers who were enrolled on a Master's programme in Special and Inclusive Education were surveyed via a questionnaire at the beginning and end of a ten‐week introductory module. The results indicated overall attitudinal shift and attitudinal shift for four categories of inclusion to suggest more positive attitudes at the end of the module, compared with at the beginning. The implications for providers of pre‐ and in‐service education and training courses for teachers are discussed.     

COGNITIVE,ATTITUDINAL, AND AFFECTIVE ASPECTS OF DEATH AND DYING IN ADULTHOOD: IMPLICATIONS FOR CARE PROVIDERS

Relationships among general anxiety, age, and measures of conscious and unconscious death anxiety were assessed in three groups of adult subjects varying in age and extent of contact with elderly persons. Data suggested that these relationships are complex, but that some degree of overlap exists among these factors both within and across groups. Knowledge and attitudinal data relating to death and aging suggested that similarities rather than differences should be emphasized in comparing these groups of students and care and service providers, and that there is less reason to assume a perceived conscious association between death and aging than previously believed based on current literature. These data are discussed from an applied developmental perspective.     

ASSESSING CHANGES IN ATTITUDES ABOUT AGING: PERSONAL REFLECTIONS AND A STANDARDIZED MEASURE

Research has shown that learning more about successful aging and the aging process can be reflected in positive attitudinal change. Further,individuals having frequent contact with older adults generally have more positive attitudes. The purpose of the present study was to assess attitudinal change in two gerontology courses, one sophomore and one senior-level, using two methods of measurement: a standardized measure, the Aging Semantic Differential (ASD) and self-reported beliefs about older adults. A secondary goal was to facilitate meaningful interaction by requiring students to conduct a structured life-history interview with an older adult. The sample consisted of 55 students with a mean age of 27. Students completed the ASD and the self-reports at the beginning of the semester and after completing their interviews. Students also were asked to reflect upon any changes in attitude over the time period between assessments. In both classes, results of repeated measures MANOVA on the ASD indicated significant positive attitudinal change from pretest to posttest. Content analysis of self-reported beliefs provided converging validation. While students indicated classroom activities as important for attitudinal development, many specifically cited the interview activity as an influential and valuable experience.     

First Principles of Attitudinal Change: a Review of Principles,Methods and Strategies

Knowing how to effectively design attitudinal change instruction for various learning settings is essential for instructional designers. However, the research on instructional design for attitudinal change instruction has been relatively dispersed and lacks cohesion, despite its increasing importance. The purposes of this paper are to 1) reignite the scholarly conversation on designing attitudinal change instruction, and 2) provide directions for future research. Using Merrill’s first principles of instruction as a guide and framework, we review the existing research to identify and discuss the principles for designing attitudinal change instruction.     

英语便条的人际意义分析

以系统功能语言学为理论基础对英语便条的人际意义进行了系统的研究,考察对象包括英语便条的情态和态度意义。对各类英语便条情态考察发现不同类型情态表达依据语旨关系及便条类型不同而各有不同取向。对各类英语便条从评价角度考察其态度意义,态度系统三个小系统———情感、判断和鉴赏在多类便条中出现且常同时出现。但不同的类型便条的态度取向有所不同,从而达到各种交际目的,研究能够有效指导便条写作和教学。     

The effect of cognitive training in anthropology on ethnocentric attitudes

The interactive effects of the cognitive and the affective domains are sometimes overlooked in attitudinal research. The possibility exists, however, that knowledge may be an essential element of attitude formation. The researcher hypothesized that some instances of ethnic prejudice (ethnocentrism) are the result of faulty or inadequate knowledge. This study, therefore, focused on the affective outcome of instruction in two cognitive concepts of cultural anthropology. Using a fixed effects 2 × 2 treatment by blocks multivariate analysis of variance with two measures of effect, highly significant results were obtained.     

Primary/secondary transition and related teacher attitudes to science

There is an increasing call for K-12 continuity in education. This is supported by curriculum policy statements that are designed to cut across the traditional lines of discontinuity, particularly the primary/secondary boundary. However, apart from the different curriculum traditions of the two areas (Primary & Secondary), other major differences still remain. One such difference is the generalist training of primary teachers and the subject-based specialist training of their secondary counterparts. Does this result in attitudinal differences in respect to curriculum development and implementation priorities? This paper goes some way to addressing this question and is based upon interview data obtained from both practising teachers and teacher education undergraduates. The data represent two separate stages of research, one completed and one on-going.     

A Social Acceptance Study of Transported and Non-Transported Pupils in a Rural Secondary School

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative effectiveness of novice co-leaders as compared to an experienced leader when administering a packaged instructional program to disseminate educational knowledge. Seven graduate students, serving as novice co-leaders, conducted workshops using the instructional program. Three instruments adapted from the original field test of the program were used to assess the results. Analysis of covariance and chisquare were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that comparisons between experienced/novice leader group differences were statistically significant with the experienced leader realizing better cognitive and attitudinal results than the novice co-leaders, but that both produced positive results.     

Can We Make Definite Categorization of Student Attitudes? A Rough Set Approach to Investigate Students’ Implicit Attitudinal Typologies Toward Living Things

This study investigates the possibility of analyzing educational data using the theory of rough sets which is mostly employed in the fields of data analysis and data mining. Data were collected using an open-ended conceptual understanding test of the living things administered to first-year high school students. The responses of randomly selected 60 students among the participants were analyzed using rough set approach on the basis of “nine attitudinal typologies toward wildlife” defined by Kellert (1996). Student responses were tabulated to be used in rough sets and upper and lower approximation analyses were carried out. Students were found to display the characteristics of four out of nine typologies. Analyses revealed that some students who possessed characteristics of a certain typology may partially display the characteristics of other typologies and these typologies could be determined using rough set theory.     

态度视角下经济类新闻的批评性分析

评价理论是系统功能语言学的最新发展,而态度系统是其一子系统。从态度系统的角度对经济类新闻这进行研究,可以有效揭示经济类新闻中所隐藏的态度资源及其分布特点。而对态度资源及其分布特点进行批评性分析,能充分说明经济类新闻中的态度资源是影响读者态度的一种工具。     

The effects on student achievement and attitudes when using integrated learning systems with cooperative pairs

The purpose of this study was to determine whether combining cooperative learning strategies with instruction delivered using an Integrated Learning System (ILS) produced academic and attitudinal gains in students. Sixty-five fifth-grade students were randomly divided into two groups, cooperative and individual. Students in the cooperative group worked on ILS math activities with a partner. Students in the individual group worked on the same activities by themselves. Achievement and attitudinal data were collected for the students prior to the experimental treatment and at the end of the treatment period. Results revealed that students using an ILS for mathematics instruction performed better on standardized tests and were more positive toward math and the computer math activities when they worked in cooperative groups than when they worked on the same activities individually.     

Perceived learning in three MOOCs targeting attitudinal change

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have gained significant attention in recent years for their potential to impact education at a global scale. This paper presents the findings from a study that examined the cases of three MOOCs, including Human Trafficking, US Food System, and Animal Behavior and Welfare, that were specifically designed to effect attitudinal change in its participants, specifically focusing on the three aspects of attitudinal change, cognitive, affective and behavioral as well as general learning. The study examined learners’ perceptions of attitudinal change, including according to the MOOC they took, the instructional method utilized, and the influence of attitudinal components on each other. The findings from this research provide a number of implications that could be helpful for understanding instruction and instructional design of MOOCs, particularly those MOOCs addressing attitude change.     

Primary assessment activity and learner perceptions of attitude change in four MOOCs

This study seeks to examine perceptions of attitudinal change in relation to the primary assessment activity within four Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) that were designed for attitudinal learning. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we sought to understand if by focusing on assessing cognitive learning (quizzes) as opposed to behavioral learning (personal projects), the courses would result in greater reported attitude change in the respective areas. The second component of the study examined whether learners who identified cognitive learning (quizzes) as opposed to behavioral learning (personal projects) as the most impactful learning activity (or vice versa) reported stronger learning in the respective attitudinal component. Using an author-created survey that included learner reported attitudinal learning, perceptions of attitude change were collected. Results revealed that learners who utilized assessment activities focusing on behavioral learning did not report higher perceptions of behavioral learning. In contrast, learners utilizing assessment activities that focused on cognitive learning did report higher perceptions of cognitive learning. We conclude with a discussion of instructional design and facilitation of learning in MOOCs, as well as instruction for attitudinal learning within open-learning environments.