沥青路面早期破坏原因分析

本文从路面设计、路面施工、养护管理及其他环节，结合工程实践，分析了沥青路面早期破坏的原因。     

Experimental Detection of Pentaquark States:Peering into the Inner Structure of the Building Blocks of Our Universe

The experimental observation of longsought-after pentaquark states raises new questions on matter structure and the strong force, the least understood among the four fundamental forces in nature.     

The far future of the Universe

This article considers the very long-term evolution of the universe and predicts the major changes that are likely to occur on the basis of the standard ‘big-bang’ model of the universe. Some recent developments in cosmology and particle physics that have some bearing on this question are also discussed.     

宇宙演化的真实感绘制

Millennium-2是目前规模最大的宇宙演化数值模拟项目.用光滑粒子动力学描述粒子对空间的影响,并用辐射传输方程构建光照模型,可绘制宇宙演化的真实感图像.由算法的能量合成保持线性形式的特点得到一种粒子并行的并行办法.将粒子足迹沿扫描线细分,可缓解程序分支扩散和粒度不均匀的问题,使该办法可以在CUDA平台上实现.测试数据证明本文的方法是有效的.     

The First Building Blocks of the Universe

The first galaxies evolved only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. But why do they have such a great variety of shapes and structures？ How did the universe evolve as a whole？ Two German-Chinese Partner Groups at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching are using observations and simulations to investigate how the early universe evolved： LI Cheng and Guinevere Kauffmann, as well as GAO Liang and Simon White.     

释天地玄黄

"天地玄黄"是《千字文》中的前四个字,可以解释为"天空是暗的,地面是黄的"。根据《易经》中的阴阳学说,可以藉由"天地玄黄"来探索古代中国最初的宇宙概念。     

暗物质晕中星系的配置

基于杨小虎的博士论文《宇宙大尺度结构的统计研究》中第4部分内容整理缩写而成。讨论如何利用星系－星系的弱引力透镜观测来获得星系光度－暗物质晕质量之间的关系;并介绍建立的条件光度函数模型,在这个模型中我们预言了给定质量的暗物质晕中所能形成的不同光度的星系的概率。这些结果给出了讨论星系形成理论中各种物理过程的判据。基于这个模型还预言了一些宇宙中光的分布行为：如宇宙中超过一半的光是来自质量小于1012太阳质量的暗物质晕中。     

SMS in China: A Major Carrier of the Nonofficial Discourse Universe

As communism loses its tenets as a genuinely believed ideology and becomes a ritualized facet of a regime that strives to prolong and justify its politically and morally shaky mandate, there have emerged two distinct discourse universes in China: the official one and the nonofficial one. Taking advantage of new communication technologies, the nonofficial discourse universe extends its boundaries to such platforms as the Internet and SMS (Short Message Service) messages. This paper examines SMS as a major carrier of the deviant discourse in the following aspects: the development of cell phones from an interpersonal communication technology to a quasi-mass communication channel; the spread of deviant expressions through it; the making of the deviant discourse through SMS; the government's control over SMS; and the role of SMS in increasingly pluralistic political undercurrents in various discourse universes in China.     

新科技形势下参考文献的作用

本文总结了近年来内容为参考文献相关研究的文献内容,主要包括了参考文献标准化的探讨和参考文献的意义研究两方面,并指出在新科技形势下,广大编辑学者应该利用参考文献所包含的大量信息,进行更多的研究,揭示研究发展的历程和脉络.     

羊八井宇宙线观测站ARGO实验进展状况

本文主要介绍了羊八井ARGO实验计划即全覆盖式阵列计划的进展状况及其所开展的宇宙线天体粒子物理学研究。     

Explaining early entry into path-creation technological catch-up in the forestry and pulp industry: Evidence from Brazil

Building on Lee and Malerba’s (2017) framework, we explore how leading firms in Brazil’s forestry and pulp industry responded to windows of opportunity, in learning terms, shaping an early entry into path-creation technological catch-up, shifting that industry into a globally leading position. Drawing on an in-depth inductive study based on 50 years of evidence, a 10-year fieldwork in large firms, and on a novel approach to micro-level external and internal absorptive capacity (AC), as empirically observable external and internal learning mechanisms (LMs) underlying firms’ innovative capability accumulation (technological catch-up), we find that: (1) firms responded to changing windows of opportunity by developing dual AC through the intensity and the manner of use of multiple LMs across the emergence, gradual catch-up, and forging-ahead phases of the path-creation process; (2) however, there were variations within and across firms in the effectiveness with which they developed their dual AC over these phases, leading to a non-homogenous technological catch-up: while some firms reached a world-leading capability level, others became fast-followers. We contribute to deepening and refining the understanding of technological catch-up through robust empirical insights on how the dynamic interplay between windows of opportunity and variation in the micro-level dual AC development’s effectiveness helps to explain the nature and extent of firms’ technological catch-up. We also provide a basis to further the analysis of technological catch-up and its learning processes, particularly in natural resources-rich industries in resource-rich developing countries.     

Automated learning of gravitational mass of elliptical galaxies

We present a 3-staged method for automated learning of the spatial density function of the mass of all gravitating matter in a real galaxy, for which, data exist on the observable phase space coordinates of a sample of resident galactic particles that trace the galactic gravitational potential. We learn this gravitational mass density function, by embedding it in the domain of the probability density function (pdf) of the phase space vector variable, where we learn this pdfas well, given the data. We generate values of each sought function, at a design value of its input, to learn vectorised versions of each function; this creates the training data, using which we undertake supervised learning of each function, to thereafter undertake predictions and forecasting of the functional value, at test inputs. We assume that the phase space that a kinematic data set is sampled from, is isotropic, and we quantify the relative violation of this assumption, in a given data set. Illustration of the method is made to the real elliptical galaxy NGC4649. The purpose of this learning is to produce a data-driven protocol that allows for computation of dark matter content in any example real galaxy, without relying on system- specific astronomical details, while undertaking objective quantification of support in the data for undertaken model assumptions.     

右膝关节退行性变早期结核X线漏诊1例分析

膝关节结核是一种常见的骨关节疾病。其发病率较高、病史缓慢，X线表现常常晚于临床表现。因此，X线的早期诊断将为临床提供重要依据。本病例主要探讨膝关节外伤性退行性变与早期结核的相同X线征象的鉴别诊断分析，为本病的早期诊断起积极作用。     

An observation-based perspective of winter haze days in four major polluted regions of China

An observation-based approach is used to examine key characteristics of winter haze days in four major polluted regions in China. Major findings in this study are: first, there was no significant trend in the number of winter haze days in most provinces and districts in eastern China from 1973 to 2012, contrary to the 2.5-fold increase in the emissions of particulate matter and its precursors (PM emissions) in the same period of time. Second, meteorological and climate conditions rather than PM emissions are in control of the interannual variabilities and trends of winter haze days. These interannual variabilities (ranging from 24 to 125%) pose a substantial masking effect that must be overcome by any control of PM emissions before its impact becomes statistically detectable. Finally, we find that global warming may have contributed significantly to the trend of winter haze days in eastern China.     

珠峰地区2008年4月中旬至5月上旬主要气候特征

2008年为了保障珠峰火炬传递顺利进行,气象部门在珠峰地区连续多日的气象要素进行观测,珠峰地区也是登山家的乐园,较准确地掌握这一区域的主要气候特征,对登山作业、攀登珠峰有重要的作用。本文主要选取2008年4月中旬至5月上旬近一个月连续的气象资料,对珠峰地区在这一时段内的大本营（5200）、（6300）营地主要气候要素进行较详细的对比分析,从而揭示该时段两营地的气候要素的变化规律。     

企业实施ERP探讨

本文重点分析了企业实施ERP的几个重要的相关因素;针对我国中小制造企业众多，ERP更适合在广大中小制造企业实施，有着广阔市场前景的特点，给出了中小制造企业ERP系统一般要包括的主要功能模块;指出了企业在选择ERP系统时，要特别注意的两个问题。     

西藏雷暴日数变化特征与相关气象因子关系的分析

利用1967～2006年,40年西藏地区各个站点常规地面气象观测资料, 对西藏地区雷暴日数的变化特征和演变规律进行分析,并就年平均雷暴日数与年平均气温、年降水总量的关系进行了分析.结果 表明:虽然西藏各地雷暴变化特点有差异,但总体上来说,各站年雷暴总数呈现的是减少的趋势,做出的比较值为负相关(r=-0.620),这种趋势在多暴中心(索县、贡嘎)表现的最为明显;西藏地区年平均雷暴日数随着年平均气温的增高,呈下降趋势,随着年降水总量的增加,呈上升趋势.就西藏地区而言,一般雷暴多发区也是人口较为密集的地方,建筑物、通讯和电力设施都容易遭到雷电的袭击;而另一方面,预防雷暴灾害又是一个专业性较为强的学科,不仅需要建设专业的防雷工程,还要大力普及防雷知识.     

对初中生物教学中融入环境教育的探索

面对环境问题的复杂性和紧迫性。如何利用生物教学进行环境教育的渗透是本文要阐述的主要内容。在生物教学中进行环境教育的渗透的目的在于推动生物课程的改革．为素质教育开辟一条新的途径。     

霾和正常天气下西安大气颗粒物中水溶性离子特征

为了探讨西安市大气颗粒物在霾天气下水溶性离子的组分特征，2005年9月至2006年9月对西安大气TSP和PM2.5进行了观测研究。结果显示，西安大气TSP和PM2.5在霾天气的总水性离子浓度分别为135.0和72.4µg∙m-3。分析的11种阴阳离子(Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、F-、Cl-、Br-、NO2-、NO3-和SO42-)中SO42-、NO3-、NH4+是TSP和PM2.5中的主要成分，这三种离子占总水溶性离子的百分比霾天气明显高于正常天气。pH测定的结果显示，霾天气大气颗粒物均比正常天气偏酸性。对比了不同天气下的SOR(SO2转化率)和NOR(NOX转化率)，发现霾天气SO2和NOX转化率高于正常天气，尤其是SO2在霾天气更易转化为SO42-。