皖北汉族女生月经初潮与形态发育分析

报道了1997年皖北地区汉族女生生长发育的调查结果,调查指标为身高、体重和月经初潮。城乡学生初潮年龄分别为12．71岁和13．33岁,比较了来潮组和未来潮组学生身高和体重的差异,并对差异的可能原因进行了分析。     

关于上海市女生月经初潮的调查

月经初潮的出现是女性青春期发育引起生理变化的一项重要标志,其出现时间的迟早,在一定程度上反映了外界条件对机体的影响。近年来,国内外有关调查反映,女子月经初潮有提前趋势。为了解上海市女生月经初潮年龄及其与形态发育的关系,1979年我们结合青少     

大学体育专业女生月经状况与经期运动卫生探讨

本文对165名体育专业女生月经状况和经期运动卫生进行调研,探讨经期运动对月经功能的影响以及初潮年龄、月经失调等与运动的关系,提出了女生经期参与适宜运动的自我监督指标和建议。     

中国学生身高发育高峰年龄的研究

本文研究了我国汉族和27个少数民族学生身高发育高峰年龄(简称MGA-H)。研究结果表明,我国汉族男生MGA-H为13.148岁,女生为12.713岁。MGA-H在城乡合并组、城市组及农村组均是北方略早于南方,大多数城市组略早于农村组。少数民族男生MGA-H最早是侗族,为13.043岁,最晚的是维吾尔族,为15.128岁;女生以彝族最早,为10.095岁,东乡族最晚,为13.175岁。MGA-H与月经初潮呈中度正相关。通过本次研究。我们认为利用MGA-H方法处理横剖面资料来比较群体的生长发育速度是一个较好的、简便实用的方法。     

石景山区女生月经初潮年龄及体质状况调查

根据近年来国内外有关报导,月经初潮年龄有提前趋势,但对有无月经初潮体质方面存在的差异报导较少。我们调查了石景山区八所中小学7—18岁女生1551人。其中7—9岁无一例来潮,17岁已全部来潮,有效卡为1059人。     

中国汉族女学生月经初潮及其与生长发育关系的研究

本文介绍了我国22个省(市、区)131511名汉族女学生的月经来潮率,半数初潮年龄,分析了月经来潮与否和形态、生理机能、素质与运动能力指标的关系,结果表明:形态、生理机能发育与月经来潮关系密切,月经来潮组形态、生理机能发育水平高于未来潮组,两组间素质与运动能力发育水平多数指标差异不大,这可能是由于青春期“惰性现象”所致。     

对女学生生长发育水平与月经初潮年龄变化、差异关系的研究

月经初潮是女孩子青春期发育的主要标志。月经初潮的平均年龄是一个比较理想的、监测某一地区学生群体生长发育状况的指标,并且可以据此对当时当地的社会经济发展、自然和社会环境等多种因素与中小学生生长发育的关系给予一个基本估计。因此,世界上一些国家和地区在青少儿体质研究中,均比较重视对月经初潮的调查与研究。据有关文献报导,近百年来,世界各国女孩月经初潮有明显提前趋势,有的国家统计每十年提前三个月;也有的报导,在五十年内提前一年;并且,有关研究结果认为,月经初潮提前的趋势同生长发育的第二突增期开始与结束的年龄有密切联系。我省卫生防疫部门于一九七四年对辽宁省城乡女学生月经初潮情况进行过一次较     

女运动员的月经

<正> 目前,我国各种年龄的妇女参加体育锻炼的人数迅速增加,加之现代很多运动项目的女运动员在青春前期和青春早期就已经开始从事系统训练,女子机体特殊的生物特点是月经。月经的出现是女子一生中很重要的生理和心理变化阶段。当前,一个迫切的任务是了解、研究和观察从事体育运动的女运动员进行运动训练对月经的影响和月经期进行体育锻炼,机体内发生的反应和运动能力的变化。研究对象及方法我们对西安体育学院4个年级186名女生,陕西省体校61名女运动员(月经已来潮者),陕西省运动技术学院(省女队)91名女运动女员共338名女运动员,并对西北大学文、理系二年级女生153人(非运动员)作为对照组,进行了年龄、运动年限,专项年限,月经初潮年龄,经期血量,经期血色,月经持续时间,经期参加运动训练和比赛的人数,     

上海女学生月经初潮年龄变化趋势

本研究以1990年上海中小学生体质调研中7—18岁健康女生为样本,通过现状调查和采用概率单位回归法,得出上海女学生月经初潮平均年龄为12.76岁,与1975年以来16年间的有关资料对比分析,表明其提前速度正在减慢,这与同期身高、体重指标是相同变化趋势。提前趋势在一定范围内与经济收入有关,但经济发达到一定程度,初潮年龄将不再提前。     

青海土族女学生体质状况比较分析

利用青海省2010年学生体质健康调研结果,对土族和汉族女学生的体质状况进行对比和分析。结果表明,土族女生身高普遍低于汉族,胸围土族女生随着年龄的增长逐渐超过汉族,有增加趋势。土族女生肺活量和肺活量体重指数普遍高于汉族女生。50m跑、耐力跑、立定跳远土族女生普遍好于汉族女生。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。