论课程发展的自组织机制

课程作为一个自组织系统,具有自身的发展规律。开放和非平衡是课程发展的前提条件;涨落是课程发展的起因;竞争和协同是课程发展的动力;渐变和突变是课程发展的途径;创新是课程发展的出发点和归宿。在课程的发展过程中,我们应该自觉遵循和运用课程发展的自组织规律,创造条件,把握机遇,正确引导,适时地促进课程的健康发展。     

论课程评价的发展性

课程评价的历史就是课程评价发展的历史。课程评价的发展性主要表现在课程评价内涵的发展、课程评价功能的发展和课程评价方法的发展三个方面。     

课程意识:新课程中教师发展的生长点

课程改革要求教师发展同步跟进,基础教育课程改革对教师发展提出了新的要求,倡导教师与新课程一同成长。但在基础教育课程改革实践中教师普遍感到“心中无数”,教师课程意识的缺乏是其根本原因。课程发展与课程效能的新近理论,以及课程变革和教师发展的动态模式表明课程意识对于促进教师参与课程的动态发展、实现课程效能、达成课程改革目标能起到积极的作用。     

特殊教育课程理论的发展趋势

我国基础教育课程改革发展的轨迹是在社会变革与发展的大背景下,课程逐步走向学生、走向学生学习与发展需要的过程.新一轮的基础教育课程改革实行必修课与选修课相结合、学科课程与活动课程相结合、分科课程与综合课程相结合的课程实践模式和国家课程、地方课程、学校课程三级课程管理结构,无不在为学生适应社会发展需要的、以个性发展为核心的全面发展提供多样化的教育途径,可见课程改革的最终走向就是个性化的课程.……     

试论高校课程思政发展的三个阶段

课程思政是覆盖高校全课程的重要内容,高校课程思政的发展可以分为课程思政堆砌式发展阶段、课程思政嵌入式发展阶段、课程思政融合式发展阶段.课程思政发展的三个阶段可以实现高校思政建设的准确定位,针对高校不同发展阶段所面临的困境,分析总结课程思政发展的具体思路和方法,为高校课程思政建设相关的基本路径和工作推进方向提供参考.     

高职教育课程文化发展的阶段

高职课程发展与高职课程文化发展是紧密联系的。高职课程发展主要经历了三个发展阶段,而课程文化则主要经历了两个阶段的发展（“传承经典”的课程文化和“工作和生存训练”的课程文化）,把握好未来高职课程文化发展需要加强对国内外课程发展的趋势、当地经济水平和学校本身条件的研究。     

特殊教育课程理论的发展趋势

我国基础教育课程改革发展的轨迹是在社会变革与发展的大背景下．课程逐步走向学生、走向学生学习与发展需要的过程。新一轮的基础教育课程改革实行必修课与选修课相结合、学科课程与活动课程相结合、分科课程与综合课程相结合的课程实践模式和国家课程、地方课程、学校课程三级课程管理结构。无不在为学生适应社会发展需要的、[第一段]     

教师参与课程发展:权与责

基础教育课程改革的新理念使教师参与课程发展有了新的变化，本文论述了在课程发展中教师权力享的有必然性，分析了教师参与整个课程发展过程使权力的途径：即参与课程设计和决策、课程实施以及课程评价，从而指出教师参与课程发展权力与职责的一致性。     

论课程改革的教师发展功能

课程改革与教师发展是整合一致的，课程改革是在教师发展中推进的，教师发展是在课程改革中达成的。课程改革可以不断更新教师的专业知能结构，培养其课程意识和开发技能，创造与课程改革一致的新型教师文化。应确立以校为本的教师发展观，通过课程与教学改革实验、校本课程开发、课程行动研究和教师自主发展等方式，在学校课程改革中促进教师发展。     

课程发展的社会学思考

文章从三个角度展开分析：课程的社会性分析、教育社会学三大流派对课程的透析和现代课程的发展。通过回溯课程与社会学相结合并从中汲取养分促进自身发展的历程,考量课程的发展脉络,为课程发展的时代性提供思索的途径。     

The Shared Income Tax and School Support in Wisconsin

Abstract

This study compared the effectiveness of the discovery and verbal reception teaching methods as a function of instructional language in unilingual and bilingual subjects. Unilingual subjects were taught in English while bilingual subjects were taught in either their primary language, Spanish, or their secondary language, English. The results indicated that regardless of language or method of instruction, bilingual subjects took longer to acquire the conceptual rule than unilingual subjects. The retention and transfer performance of unilingual and bilingual subjects taught in their primary language was best when the verbal reception method was used. When taught in their secondary language, however, the retention of bilingual subjects was better following the discovery method.     

学校健康教育必须与学校体育相结合

本文通过对学校健康教育与学校体育之间的关系分析,阐述了学校健康教育不能游离于其它学科之外而孤立存在,在学校教育系统中,健康教育与体育这两个关系较为密切的学科,应该紧密地结合,共同为培养全面发展的、跨世纪的人才做出贡献。     

Changing the Attitudes of Medical School Instructors

Abstract

This study was a four-year follow-up of a study by Ridley and Birney (4) in which college freshmen were tested for the effects of training with task-relevant strategies and instructions to be creative on Guilford’s Alternate Uses Test (AUT). Fifty subjects who participated in the first study, now seniors, were retested on the AUT and asked to produce a statement of strategies which they believed facilitate performance. Contrary to hypothesis, trained subjects could not be distinguished by their statements through blind sorting. However, AUT results suggested that the instructional set to be creative was easily restored, producing greater originality in untrained subjects while interacting with training to produce lower originality scores. The need for current rehearsal of strategies and the importance of sensitizing subjects to the role of strategies in unfamiliar tasks were discussed.     

Culture and the Common School

This essay addresses the question: given the flattening out of the cultural hierarchy that was the vestige of colonialism and nation‐building, is there anything that might be uniquely common about the common school in this postmodern age? By ‘uniquely common’ I do not mean those subjects that all schools might teach, such as reading or arithmetic. Nor do I mean just subjects that might serve a larger public purpose, but that might be taught in either publicly supported or privately supported schools. Rather I mean subjects that speak to the shaping of a child's identity as a member of a common community in the way that the common school was intended to create when its commission was to develop and maintain a single national or colonial identity and loyalty. I argue that there is a kind of connectivity that common schools should foster even as the nation‐building and colonial past is rejected, and that this connectivity is what is common about the common schools. I argue that any concept of culture that merely flattens out the normative dimension of educating is deficient as an educational theory, and propose a conception of culture that is educationally productive.     

高中生学习自控力的培养研究

对漳州市一所封闭式私立中学的高中生进行情绪智力和学习自控力测验,选取情绪智力和学习自控力不存在显著差异的高二两个班级分别指定为实验班和控制班。采用情绪智力自我教育的方法对实验班的学生进行11周的实验干预。结果发现：实验干预对学生情绪智力和学习自控力的提高有一定的作用。实验干预对女生学习自控力的提高有显著作用,对男生没有达到显著的效果。分析实验班学习自控力高、中和低分组学生的变化发现,实验干预对高自控力学生学习自控力的提高有显著作用。     

School decision-making and the primary headteacher

This article, based on original research, looks at the work of Religious Education coordinators in primary schools in the post Education Reform Act period. It argues that they have responded remarkably well to the challenges which they have faced and in many schools have spearheaded the development of RE very effectively. It further argues that RE coordinators have constantly been frustrated by the shortage of resources, expressed mainly in terms of time and money, which have frequently been targeted on the core subjects of English, mathematics and science. Coordinators of other non core subjects will recognise aspects of this account.     

The Perfectionists and the School

Abstract

The statistical correlation between entry qualifications (A‐level scores) and degree results (proportion of first and upper second (i.e. good) degrees) is described for eight subjects over a 21‐year period. A significant positive correlation is demonstrated, but the strength of the relationship varies between subjects. More detailed analysis reveals that the nature of the relationship also varies at institutional (effectively departmental) level with some displaying consistently counter‐intuitive combinations of above‐average entry qualifications and below‐average proportions of good degrees (and vice versa). These results have implications for current policy debates regarding value‐added and standards in UK universities. They also identify some directions for future research.     

普通高中课程标准动词初探

对普通高中课程标准各学科"内容要求"中所使用的动词进行初步统计分析。给出一个动词采集原则;对14个学科"内容要求"的3528个有效动词(目标)语句及使用的364个动词分布作以分析,并对总体上使用次数最多的动词和每个学科使用次数最多的动词、各学科课程标准所采用的语句数和动词数作了说明;指出课程标准的这364个动词基本上涵盖了布卢姆教育目标分类学所采用的动词;提出了进一步研究的问题。     

初中起始年级学生课前预习情况的调查

文章对上海市实验学校初中起始年级学生课前预习情况进行了调查分析。调查结果显示该校中一年级所有学生都进行课前预习,大多数学生有课前预习的习惯。本调查建议学生每天预习花费的时间应适度,预习科目可按学习科目难度、重要程度等来确定,结果显示优秀学生一般较早开始对学习科目进行预习,这对学生的学业指导有借鉴作用。     

Moral Development Among Mildly Mentally Handicapped School Children

Abstract

According to the cognitive‐developmental theory, intellectual development is best understood in terms of age‐related changes. This has been found to be a valid theory in the case of mentally subnormal subjects as well, although their development proceeds at a speed and up to a level different from their normal age‐mates. The same theory has been applied to moral development and describes it, likewise, as a stage‐like progress of moral reasoning with age. The present study tries to answer the following question: Does the moral reasoning of the subjects classified as subnormal change with age so that it can be said to develop? According to the results obtained (dealing with subjects nine‐, 11‐, 13‐, 15‐ and 17‐years‐old), the cognitive‐developmental hypothesis of moral development is only partially confirmed. Namely, there is a development from the less to the more mature forms of moral reasoning, but the course of that development is not entirely such as the theory assumes. Moreover, moral reasoning of the subjects in this study is more advanced than their intelligence level as expressed by the IQ score.