PVA纤维静电纺丝工艺参数研究及正交设计优化

采用静电纺丝法制备聚乙烯醇（PVA）超细纤维膜,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察溶液浓度、纺丝电压、纺丝距离对纤维微观形貌的影响,并采用正交设计对纺丝工艺参数进行优化。实验结果表明:纺丝电压是影响纤维平均直径的最重要的参数。经过优化,纺制出最小直径为0.27μm的PVA超细纤维。     

聚合温度对聚乙烯醇键合方式及缩醛度的影响

在50、60、70、80℃下,聚合醋酸乙烯酯( VAc)制得一系列聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc),并在氢氧化钠作用下醇解制得聚乙烯醇( PVA);通过黏度法测定聚乙烯醇被高碘酸钾降解前后的相对分子质量,从而计算出聚乙烯醇中“头碰头”的键合几率;然后聚乙烯醇与甲醛在酸催化作用下制备聚乙烯醇缩甲醛,并计算出聚乙烯醇缩甲醛的缩醛度;最后得出聚合温度对聚乙烯醇键合方式和聚乙烯醇缩甲醛缩醛度的影响.实验结果表明:聚合温度低,聚乙烯醇的聚合度大、相对分子质量大、黏度大,而且聚乙烯醇分子中“头碰头”键合几率小,最佳的聚合温度是60℃;聚乙烯醇缩甲醛的缩醛度则随着聚合温度的升高而降低.     

用于乙醇-水分离的SA-PVA/PSF中空纤维渗透汽化复合膜

Using polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as the substrate, sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend solutions as the coating solution, and maleic anhydride (MAC) as the cross-linked agent, SAPVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared for the dehydration of ethanol-water. The effects of different sodium alginate concentration in the coating solutions and different operating temperatures on pervaporation performance were investigated. The experimental results showed that pervaporation performance of the SA-PVA/PSF composite membranes for ethanol-water solution exhibited a high separation factor although they had a relatively low permeation flux. As SA concentration in SA-PVA coating solution was 66.7% and the operating temperature was 40 ℃, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membrane (PS4) had a separation factor of 886 and flux of 12.6 g/(m2·h). Besides, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes (PS3 and PS4) were used for the investigation of the effect of ethanol concentration in the feed solution on pervaporation performance.     

Enhancement of durability of glass fiber-reinforced cement with PVA

The main thrust of this research was to determine the effectiveness of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) powder in enhancing the durability of short GFRC materials. Accelerated aging of the materials was achieved through low-pressure steam curing in a moist chamber. The strength and ductility of GFRC were measured by the direct tension test, which showed that incorporation of PVA powder into GFRC could improve its mechanical behaviour and turn it from brittle to ductile. To investigate the mechanism of the tensile strength enhancement, the fiber-matrix interface was examined by polarizing optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). It was found that PVA powder tended to migrate to the fiber-matrix interfacial zone and thus prevented the accumulation of calcium hydroxide in this area. PVA film around the fiber resulted in a more ductile interfacial microstructure and better bonding between fiber and matrix, which should be responsible for enhancing the tensile property and preventing the aging of GFRC. Furthermore, PVA powder reduced the microhardness and brittleness at the interface.     

水平与垂直PES中空纤维超滤膜组件分离性能的研究

1Introduction Generally,ultrafiltration(UF)asaseparationtech nologyofhighefficiencyandlowenergyconsumption haswidelybeenappliedinvariousindustries.Inin dustrialapplications,therearesixbasicUF modules[1]:(1)tubular,withinnerchannel diameters>4mm;(2)hollowfibers,withinnerdia metersof0.2-3mm;(3)plateunits;(4)spiral woundmodules;(5)pleated sheetcartridges;and(6)rotarymodules.However,hollowfiberUFmoduleis oneofmostimportantmodulesbecauseofitshigh areapackingdensity.Besides,UFtechnologyalsois us…     

Transport Process of Isopropanol Aqueous Solution by Pervaporation

Pervaporation(PV) is an energy-efficient process forthe separation of liquid mixtures inthe chemical processingindustry, especially for separation of azeotropic or close-boilingliquid mixtures[1]. Nowdehydration of organic sol-vents is the best-developed …     

高强高模PVA纤维原液可纺性研究

影响高强高模聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维原液可纺性的关键因素有PVA的醋酸根含量及聚合度;纺丝原液中的PVA浓度及溶解程度、添加剂及硼酸加入量,纺丝过程中喷丝头的电位及电化学腐蚀;凝固浴中钙镁离子含量等。本文在多年生产过程中研究了上述控制参数对原液可纺性的影响,并提出了防范措施。比如在PVA中残存醋酸根含量≤0．05％、聚合度1850＋50、PVA浓度15．8％时可纺性较好,同时也对PVA的浸泡时间、浸泡温度、纺丝过程中喷丝头的处理等提出了指导建议。没有发现聚乙烯醇的其它指标与高强高模PVA纤维原液的可纺性有直接的关系。     

PVA/CMC复合膜的制备及其渗透汽化特性研究

制备了ＰＶＡ（聚乙烯醇）／ＣＭＣ（羧甲基纤维素）渗透汽化复合膜。研究了ＰＶＡ／ＣＭＣ用量比、交联剂用量、乙醇浓度、渗透汽化时间等因素对膜的渗透汽化性能的影响。发现ＰＶＡ／ＣＭＣ复合膜对８５－９８．３ｗｔ％乙醇溶液表现为水优先透过。在２６．５°Ｃ和１ａｔｍ下,９０．８ｗｔ％乙醇溶液渗透汽化３小时、膜内乙醇浓度增至９８．３ｗｔ％。达到了较好的醇／水分离效果     

Effects of vibration technology and polyvinyl acetate emulsion on microstructure and properties of expanded polystyrene lightweight concrete

To prevent expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads from rising up to the surface in the molding process of EPS lightweight concrete, vibration with pressure was applied and the polyvinyl acetate (PVA) emulsion was adopted to im-prove its mechanical properties. The mechanical properties, thermal properties and durability of EPS lightweight concrete were tested. The microstructures of EPS lightweight concrete were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Vibration with pressure reduces the number of small cracks. The 180 d compressive strength and flexural strength increase obviously as a large amount of PVA was added. The mixed amount of PVA has no obvious influence on the thermal per-formance when it is not more than 10% of the cement. Vibration with pressure and surface modification of EPS beads by PVA improve the combination of EPS beads with cement stone and the mechanical properties of EPS lightweight con-crete.     

热压法制备PVA/短切上段稻草复合材料研究

基于农作物秸秆的复合材料有利于减轻资源短缺与环境污染等问题.采用热压方法制备了PVA(聚乙烯醇)/短切上段稻草复合材料,研究了PVA用量、热压温度、热压时间对复合材料拉伸性能及硬度的影响.结果表明,在选定的条件范围内,随着PVA用量增加,材料拉伸强度增加,随着热压温度和热压时间增加,材料拉伸强度降低;材料硬度受加工条件影响较小.     

基于当地材料制备高延性水泥基复合材料的研究(英文)

为了降低高性能聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)纤维增强水泥基复合材料ECC(engineered cemen-titious composites)的成本,用国产PVA纤维和其他本地原材料如粉煤灰、水泥和细砂等研制了高延性ECC材料.采用四点弯曲试验和光学显微镜研究了ECC的弯曲变形能力、裂缝宽度及裂缝自愈合现象,并对其进行了经济性分析.实验结果表明:利用国产原料制备的ECC均表现出大变形能力,平均裂缝宽度能控制在60μm左右;开裂的试件经过干湿循环养护之后,裂缝中出现了自愈合现象;经济性分析表明利用国产PVA纤维可以极大地降低ECC成本.利用国产PVA纤维等材料制备高性价比的ECC是可行的.     

聚乙烯醇—聚苯胺复合膜的制备及其电致变色性能研究

在聚苯胺复合膜的制备过程中以成膜剂聚乙烯醇(PVA),掺杂剂十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)及氧化剂过硫酸铵(APS)．在非有机溶剂的两相体系中用乳液聚合法合成了电致变色的聚苯胺PAn/PVA乳液．并以玻片为载体,采用提拉法制备了(PAn)/PVA复合膜．研究了PVA含量、苯胺(An)与DBSA的量比、过硫酸铵(APS)与An的量比及反应温度对膜的电致变色性、导电性的影响．并用循环伏安法对其电化学进行表征．实验结果表明：在w(PVA)=4．3％,n(DBSA)∶n(An)∶n(APs)=1．25∶1∶0．42、反应温度为25℃时,所制得的PAn/PVA复合膜具有良好电致变色性和粘结性能．     

用于乙醇-水分离的SA-PVA/PSF中空纤维渗透汽化复合膜

Using polysulfone (PSF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes as the substrate, sodium alginate (SA) and poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) blend solutions as the coating solution, and maleic anhydride (MAC) as the cross-linked agent, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fiber composite membranes were prepared for the dehydration of ethanol-water. The effects of differentsodium alginate concentration in the coating solutions and different operating temperatures on pervaporation performance wereinvestigated. The experimental results showed that pervaporation performance of the SA-PVA/PSF composite membranesfor ethanol-water solution exhibited a high separation factor although they had a relatively low permeation flux. As SAconcentration in SA-PVA coating solution was 66.7% and the operating temperature was 40 C, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fibercomposite membrane (PS4) had a separation factor of 886 and flux of 12.6 g/(m2.h). Besides, SA-PVA/PSF hollow fibercomposite membranes (PS3 and PS4) were used for the investigation of the effect of ethanol concentration in the feed solutionon pervaporation performance.     

Coagulation-flocculation process for combined sewage in Shanghai

IntroductionaEutrophicationisaseriousprobleminYangtzeestuarybecausesomuchuntreatedcombinedwastewaterisdischargedintotherivereveryday.Thecombinedsewagecontainsorganicsandnutrients.Coagulation-flocculationprocesscanachieveahighefficiencyinremovingorganicsubstancesandphosphates,andcanbeaneconomicalalternativetoafullbiologicaltreat-mentprocess[1].Theaimofapplyingcoagulation-flocculationtreatmentisgenerallytoremovecolloidalmatterinwastewater.Also,nutrientsmayberemovedduringtheprocess.Thephysical-…     

纳米TiO2水基分散体系的制备与性能研究

用聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为分散剂,添加丙烯酸和过硫酸铵(APS)水溶液,通过高速剪切混合制成纳米TiO2水基分散体系。粒径分析和透射电镜表征表明:纳米TiO2水基分散体系稳定性良好,分散的纳米TiO2粒径大约为68nm,且分散均匀。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇共混膜对十二烷基苯磺酸钠吸附的研究

采用流涎法制备壳聚糖与聚乙烯醇的共混膜（CS/PVA）.研究了共混膜吸附剂对SDBS的吸附性能,考察了溶液pH值、吸附时间、浓度、温度的影响.结果表明,吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程的拟合效果优于Freundlich和Tempkin方程.在热力学研究表中,ΔGo〈0,ΔHo〉0,ΔSo〉0,表明此吸附过程是自发、吸热和熵增加的过程.     

水杨酸钠-葡甘聚糖／壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇缓释药膜的研究

采用溶液共混法将水杨酸钠（NaSal）包埋在魔芋葡甘聚糖（KGM）、壳聚糖（CTS）与聚乙烯醇（PVA）共混物中,制备了Nasal—KGM／CTS／PVA缓释药膜．用红外光谱表征了药膜的结构,考察了KGM,CTS与PVA三者的质量比以及NaSal的用量对膜的耐水性、水蒸气透过率的影响,测定了水杨酸钠的释放率．结果表明：当KGM,CTS,PVA的质量比为2：2：1时,制备的缓释药膜具有较好的耐水性和较低的水蒸气透过性能,NaSal的缓释性能良好．     

聚乙烯醇的热塑化研究进展

针对聚乙烯醇中含有大量的分子内和分子间氢键而难以进行热塑化,从而为其产品的生产带来很大困难的问题,介绍了聚乙烯醇的热塑化研究进展。其中包括在聚乙烯醇或其复合物中加入甘油、水、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、醇胺、尿素或已内酰胺等各种增塑剂或者它们的复配增塑剂,以降低聚乙烯醇的熔融温度,实现热塑加工。     

耐水和低游离甲醛脲醛树脂的合成与改性

为寻求合适的工艺条件以提高脲醛树脂胶粘剂的综合性能,采用了降低甲醛/尿素物质的量比、改进合成工艺、加入改性剂等3种途径优化了脲醛树脂的合成方法.实验结果表明:以甲醛和尿素为单体,添加适量的聚乙烯醇和三聚氰胺改性剂,甲醛和尿素最佳物质的量比约为1.5:1,尿素分3次(11.4 g、0.5 g、0.2 g)投料,反应温度控制在(35℃-85℃),反应时间约60min,用聚乙烯醇和三聚氰胺进行改性,可制得综合性能较好的低毒耐水脲醛树脂胶粘剂.产品质量达到国家相关规定指标.     

溶胶-凝胶浸渍法制备氧化铝膜的形貌表征

Alumina membranes without pinholes and cracks were prepared by the sol-gel process using anunordum aluminium sulphate as the starting material. The effects of different preparing conditions on morphology characteristics of the membrane were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and 3D rotational microscopy. The preparing conditions include the amounts of drying control chemical additives （DCCA）, sintering procedure and sol-gel concentration. The results showed that PVA is a good crack-preventing reagent and the morphology of supported membranes was affected by ninny factors, including Al2O3 concentration, PVA/Al2O3 ratio, heating rate, membrane thickness and intrinsic defects of the substrate surface.