Editorial Statement

Over the past couple of decades, K–12 schools have courageously struggled with the concept of shared, or distributed, leadership; however, the basic landscape of K–12 school leadership remains heavily hierarchical. Nonetheless, teachers can share leadership. This article explores productive forms of teacher leadership that are models of collaboration, integration, encouragement, learning, modeling, challenging, building consensus, and displaying professionalism.     

高三生物复习备考策略探究

在高考生物备考复习中,采用何种方法直接关系到学生成绩的高低,本文从教师本身和学生两方面对高考生物的复习备考策略做了总结。     

A reexamination of the effect of big-time football and basketball success on graduation rates and alumni giving rates

To determine the impact on the academic mission, the models in this study test whether there is statistical evidence that student graduation rates or alumni giving rates are influenced by pigskin or hoop success for major universities after adjustment for key academic variables. Using a sample of big-time sports universities and models comparable to other research, the evidence presented in this article indicates that having a highly successful football team has a positive impact on both the overall graduation rate and the alumni giving rate. In contrast, a successful basketball team has no significant effect on either of these key measures of academic success.     

瑞士高中学生毕业设计探析

瑞士中学教育非常注重学生科学探究能力的培养,在高中毕业阶段,专门设置以培养学生科学探究能力为目标的毕业设计实践环节。通过对比分析其实施过程,为我国高中教育改革提供借鉴。     

美国俄亥俄州高中毕业资格要求及启示

美国俄亥俄州加强高中毕业资格管理,制定州一级的统一学分要求,举行统一的毕业考试,划定统一的资格线,这样既保证高中毕业生的水平,又促进学校提高教学质量。建议我国省级教育行政要加强高中毕业要求,制订、举行统一的高中毕业考试（取消会考等考试）,确保高中毕业要求在高校招生中的地位。     

Adding Design Elements to Improve Time Series Designs: No Child Left Behind as an Example of Causal Pattern-Matching

Abstract:

Some form of a short interrupted time series (ITS) is often used to evaluate state and national programs. An ITS design with a single treatment group assumes that the pretest functional form can be validly estimated and extrapolated into the postintervention period where it provides a valid counterfactual. This assumption is problematic. Ambiguous preintervention functional forms are common, as are other factors affecting posttest means and slopes. Using No Child Left Behind as an example, we demonstrate how adding multiple design elements to the basic ITS structure serves to promote causal inference by limiting alternative interpretations. No added design element is perfect by itself, but we argue that they collectively provide a strong causal warrant when the predictions they engender are complex, the results “cohere” with the predictions, and no alternative can fit the same pattern of predictions even if it can fit some of them.     

法国2021年大学考试招生制度改革评析

法国教育部在2018年2月14日公布法国2021年"新会考"(大学考试招生制度)改革方案,明确指出2018年新入学的高一学生开始实行新课程计划,将于2021年全面实行新会考。改革原因在于法国现行毕业会考不再是学生通往成功的道路;毕业会考变得日益复杂,越来越不人性化;毕业会考不够重视平时成绩,利于临时抱佛脚的学生。基于这些原因,法国2021年大学考试招生将取消分科,增加课程自主权;更新课程,培养新时代人才;注重平时,实施过程性评价;更好定位,实现学生个性化诉求。由于大学招生制度改革牵一发而动全身,法国民众就此展开激烈讨论。     

“中高职自考衔接”办学实践与探索

＂中高职自考衔接＂办学,必须明确办学目的,规范发展方向;强调办学职责,提高合作质量;构建合理的课程体系,重视能力结构;制定落实规章制度,规范教学管理;提升大学生荣誉感,促进学生成长;发挥班主任引导作用,强化学生管理。     

民国时期江西中学的毕业会考及其特点

民国时期,江西省教育行政部门为了克服各中学单独举行的毕业考试中存在的弊端,在全省统一组织实施了中学毕业会考。民国时期江西省中等学校毕业会考,对完善学校学业考试制度,保证和提高中等学校的人才培养质量发挥了一定的积极作用。这一制度在实践中所留下的经验与教训,为后来的学业考试改革提供了有益借鉴。     

Stichwort: Schuleffektivitätskriterien in der internationalen empirischen Forschung

This review summarizes international empirical studies on criteria for school effectiveness between 1995-2004. The data comes from a special study on this topic for the Dutch school inspectorate and has been re-analyzed for this contribution. In the first section of the paper, effectiveness criteria are reviewed with regard to their role in theoretical models of school effectiveness research. In the second section, empirical studies concerned with school and classroom effectiveness are reviewed with a focus on the effectiveness criteria, which are applied. The results show that the range of criteria is small. Especially regarding school effectiveness there is a tendency towards using pupils’ achievement in school subjects as effectiveness criteria. School factors were mainly investigated using national or regional survey data. The third section of the paper deals with perspectives for future research on school effectiveness, suggesting a broader set of effectiveness criteria.

在差动分度方面级数的应用

揭示了机械工业中差动分度的原理与高等数学中无穷级数之间的联系。     

从“为创新设计教学”到“为教学设计创新”——对“等差数列的前n项和”教学设计的反思与改进

数学教学过程是一个受多种因素影响的复杂系统."为创新设计教学"现象出现的原因主要表现"一个理念,三种行为"的偏离."一个理念"的偏离是指数学创新性教学设计科学理念的偏离;"三种行为"的偏离是指创造性运用数学教材的偏离、科学表征数学知识的偏离和读懂学生的偏离.数学创新性教学设计,需要教师读懂教材,创造性地运用教材;读懂数学,科学表征数学知识;读懂学生,引导学生建构新知.     

IS STUDENT-RIGHT-TO-KNOW ALL YOU SHOULD KNOW? An Analysis of Community College Graduation Rates

Over the last decade, policymakers, educators, and researchers have increasingly sought to understand community college policies and practices that promote students’ success. This effort has been partly driven by an increased emphasis on outcome accountability, but it has also promoted a productive discussion about improving institutional performance. The research reported here has two related goals. One goal is to work towards strengthening the ability to assess and compare institutional performance. We thus have developed a model that can be used to adjust simple graduation rates for institutional characteristics, such as student composition, college resources, size, and location, all of which might influence those rates. Our long-term goal is to understand how to improve student outcomes, so the paper also uses the model to measure the effect of those institutional characteristics on graduation rates. We use data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) surveys, applying a weighted least-squares procedure for grouped data to estimate an institutional-completion rates model. This analysis confirms several hypotheses about institutional determinants of graduation rates at community colleges. Our results indicate a consistent negative relationship between enrollment size and completion. Additionally, colleges with high shares of minority students, part-time students, and women have lower graduation rates. A final significant finding among institutional characteristics is that greater instructional expenditures are related to a greater likelihood of graduation. The method developed here can be used to better assess the performance of community colleges.     

MBA Quality Signals

ABSTRACT

Across multiple external customer groups, agreement exists about what signals the presence of MBA academic quality. MBA quality signals were selected from an original list of 45 and a refined list of 35 in a two-stage study. Important signals were “Positive Course Evaluations By Current MBAs,” “Nationally-Prominent Firms Recruit To Hire MBAs,” “MBA Faculty Spend Time With MBAs Outside Class,” “Extensive Library Resources For MBA Students,” “MBA Faculty Consult To Major Corporations,” “Full-Time Faculty With Prior Business Experience,” “Coursework Projects With Real-World Organizations,” “Many Organizations Recruit On-Campus For MBAs,” and “MBA Graduates Who Are Leaders In Their Fields.” Traditional scholarly-oriented academic quality signals are not apparently valued as quality signals by external customer groups. MBA academic quality appears to be a multidimensional construct with sub-dimensions REAL-WORLDNESS, PLACEMENT, STUDENT SATISFACTION, and PROGRAM SCOPE. MBA program design, staffing, resource deployment, and communications issues arise from these quality signals findings.     

Will Obama's My Brother's Keeper and Similar Initiatives Have a Positive Impact on Low-Income Students?

Barack Obama's My Brother's Keeper is designed to narrow persistent gaps that boys and young men of color confront often and to help all young people achieve their potential in college and career. An important part of this initiative is comprehensive mentoring that supports students in schools and in communities. Because ethnic-minority students have extremely low graduation rates in high school and college, an essential question is addressed: Can My Brother's Keeper and similar initiatives with a mentoring component be effective in helping minority students to achieve success in elementary and secondary schools and in college?     

解读高校毕业设计面临的问题及改进对策

针对高校本科毕业设计质量出现严重滑坡现象,分析和总结了普通高校本科毕业设计存在的普遍性问题,认为学生用于毕业设计的有效时间远远小于计划时间,并结合心理学原理,对影响学生用于毕业设计有效时间的几个问题进行解读,提出相应的对策。     

Have State Accountability and High-Stakes Tests Influenced Student Progression Rates in High School?

The question addressed in this paper is whether there are signs that students' progression through high school to graduation has been affected by the efforts to increase school accountability, including high-stakes exit exams. If such accountability systems were able to raise student academic performance significantly in elementary and middle school, these same students should be more likely to succeed academically in high school and graduate with their cohort. If state accountability systems also attempt to raise minimum standards for high school graduation by requiring exit tests, as many do, this could have the opposite effect of lowering high school graduation rates by putting yet one more barrier in the way of lower-performing students completing requirements.