谈面向非物质文化遗产的特色资源建设——以皮影数字博物馆为例

本文根据皮影数字博物馆项目建设实践,提出了面向非物质文化遗产的特色资源建设原则、建设内容和建设方法,指出数字博物馆是图书馆面向非物质文化遗产特色资源建设的新形式,并介绍了皮影数字博物馆的内容架构和技术体系架构。     

“Think With Me:” David Carr's Enduring Invitation

David Wildon Carr (1945–2016) was recognized in the international cultural community as a scholar and instigator whose critical thinking challenged museum practitioners to reflect on the purpose and responsibility of their work. In his recent papers and lectures, he argued that those discussing museum experiences are late to enter into a dialogue already in progress—a dialogue which carefully considers the whole person in a community, and wherein thinking with a museum is an enterprise embedded in the learner's experience. This forum, written by three museum professionals in response to his recent untimely death, is intended to capture personal impressions of Carr's contribution to the continuing work of museums. Each author quotes from Carr's writings, since his words have such enduring strength—a strength that will continue to resonate long into the future. Each also offers readers some personal background on his work as a teacher.     

公共数字文化服务绩效评价现状、问题及对策分析

[目的/意义]探讨当前公共数字文化服务考核评估实践中存在的问题，可为构建科学规范的公共数字文化服务评估机制提出对策建议。[方法/过程]采用文献调研和案例分析方法，对全国文化信息资源共享工程、公共数字文化工程、公共图书馆第六次评估定级、文化馆第四次评估定级、2016年博物馆评估等考核实践的考核内容和考核方式进行分析。[结果/结论]当前公共数字文化服务考核评估存在评估指导法规缺乏、评估实施主体单一、评估运行规范缺失、评估结果反馈不足等主要问题。提出加强评估法规建设、构建多元评估主体、完善评估运行机制、优化评估反馈机制等对策建议。     

我国图情档学科关于文化信息数字资源整合的研究——以博物馆研究为视角

我国图情档学科认为博物馆是文化信息数字资源整合的主体之一。博物馆中以其展品为代表的文化信息资源对满足公众多样化的文化需求、增强中华文化竞争力起着重要作用。本文借助Citespace分析软件,通过对作者、机构、关键词可视化图谱的绘制,识别出我国图情档学科下以博物馆为主题词的科研文献成果概况、科研机构分布及研究热点词与其研究发展趋势。经分析得知,该学科下以博物馆为主题的研究可以分为两个阶段:第一阶段(1996-2008年)主要是博物馆文献资源的开发与利用、博物馆与图书馆文献资源的开发与利用、博物馆古籍保护管理工作以及古籍文献等主题。第二阶段(2009-2019年)主要探讨三馆馆际合作的资源整合路径、数字资源整合理论模式与合作机制等的研究,并结合相关文献内容,深入探讨以博物馆为主题的研究重点,基于此,我国图情档学科应以博物馆中丰富多样的文化信息资源为视角,开展涵盖档案馆、图书馆、博物馆的全种类、全范围的全文化信息数字资源整合。最后,本文围绕数字资源整合这一具有影响力的研究热点,探讨如何从图情档学科的角度出发,有效地涵盖博物馆,构建以图书馆、档案馆、博物馆三馆为主体的数字资源整合模式与机制,建...     

Ethnocentrism,intercultural communication apprehension,intercultural willingness‐to‐communicate,and intentions to participate in an intercultural dialogue program: Testing a proposed model

This study investigates the relationships between ethnocentrism, intercultural communication apprehension, intercultural willingness‐to‐communicate, and college students' intentions to engage in an intercultural dialogue program. Data collected from a survey of 339 students in a midwestern university were used to test a proposed model. The results show that ethnocentrism and intercultural communication apprehension are related to each other and that intercultural willingness‐to‐communicate is influenced by both ethnocentrism and intercultural communication apprehension. Both ethnocentrism and intercultural willingness‐to‐communicate have a direct influence on students' intentions to engage in an intercultural dialogue program, but intercultural communication apprehension does not directly influence intentions. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

数字博物馆的架构设计与建设实践

数字博物馆是以数字形态存在的博物馆,是利用数字技术对实体博物馆功能的有效延展方式。文章重点讨论了数字博物馆的架构设计和层次模型、项目管理等问题,也简要介绍了建设数字博物馆的一些相关数字技术。     

基于数据策管的博物馆数字服务设计——以故宫博物院一站式线上数字平台建设为例

作为拥有百万藏品、开展数字化较早的博物馆之一,故宫博物院管理着大量的文物及其产生的数据。目前,因现存数据存在数量庞大、多源异构且较为分散的现象,导致利用这些数据制作的数字内容难以被全面管理、利用率变低。为改善这一现状,故宫引入英国数据策管中心数据策管周期模型,建立数字服务设计与数据策管并行的工作机制,尝试在实践工作中通过搭建一站式数字服务平台,对数字内容的管理及利用效率产生积极作用。     

Using & Re-using Archive Information for Multimedia Applications: The Virtual Museum of Italian Computer Science History

The quality of content is a key attribute for assessing the globalquality of a museum application. Unfortunately, producing good content,especially in multimedia digital form, is expensive and time-consuming.One way to reduce the costs without sacrificing quality is to exploitthe concept of information reuse. The idea is to use (portions of) thesame multimedia material in different applications, possibly adapting itfor different contexts, for different categories of users, and fordifferent delivery channels (e.g., on-line and off-line). Informationreuse does not come free. To be effective, it requires a well-organizedenvironment in which information can be easily stored, inspected,retrieved, and adapted for different purposes. This paper describes theapproach adopted in the project ``The Virtual Museum of Italian ComputerScience History', funded by the Italian National Council of Research(CNR). In this project, all the digital material (documents, images,video interviews, etc.) is stored in a digital archive based on amultimedia database with a WWW front-end. The archive is designed forspecialists only: members of the editorial board of the project;researchers in the history of science; application developers (whoare looking for interesting content to include in their CD-ROMs or Websites). Each research group involved in the project extracted andadapted from the digital archive the multimedia material needed to builda different hypermedia application in two ``versions' – WWW andCD-ROM. These applications, both on-line and off-line, strongly reuse(portions of) the digital archive content, but organize and present itwith a totally different style, to address the needs of non-specialists(e.g., people who have some interest, or curiosity, in the history ofItalian computer science).     

The Smithsonian Folklife Festival and Cultural Heritage Policy in Colombia: A Case Study

As Colombia began to develop its Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) policy, it signed an agreement with the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage to collaborate on a Smithsonian Folklife Festival of Colombia's national living traditions, to be shown on the National Mall in 2011. This essay addresses the role of the Smithsonian Folklife Center in advocating for a cultural heritage policy grounded in cultural democracy and intercultural dialogue, as well as its collaboration with UNESCO in crafting the 2003 convention for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. We focus on the Center's signature collaborative program, the Smithsonian Folklife Festival, and on our experience with the 2011 Festival program, Colombia: The Nature of Culture. We examine the relationship between the Festival and Colombia's intangible cultural heritage communities, policies, and practices, through intercultural dialogues that contribute to shaping Intangible Cultural Heritage policy from the bottom up.     

Engaging Participative Communities in Cultural Heritage: Using Digital Storytelling in Sicily (Italy)

The paper describes the project #iziTRAVELSicilia which is using digital storytelling for engaging heritage communities. The objective of the project was to bridge the Sicilian gap in cultural heritage communication using a participatory approach with the local communities, in the framework defined by the Faro Convention. The paper evidences the digital storytelling role in engaging communities to promote their heritage, promoting new partnership with local cultural heritage institutions. The positive impact of digital storytelling in cultural heritage promotion in Sicily is evidenced by the quantitative results achieved and by the feedback collected by a survey.     

Ancient Carvings. Living Symbols. Sacred Space. Unlocking the Mysteries of Jeffers Petroglyphs

At Jeffers Petroglyphs, Historic Site, a team of American Indian elders and archaeologists working as colleagues have engaged in a day to day dialogue of researching and telling of American Indian history for 18 years. This research/education/management project explores the rich cultural landscape of JPHS located on the Red Rock Ridge in Southwest Minnesota's Cottonwood County. This 160‐acre site, owned and managed by the Minnesota Historical Society, is home to an estimated 5000 American Indian petroglyphs. The site is sacred to many American Indian communities and is situated in a Dakota homeland. The purpose of this article is to present one model for best research, education programming, conservation and operational management museum practice. This model privileges American Indian tradition knowledge, oral traditions spirituality, inquiry methods, and perspectives. Museum staff and non‐Indian inquiry methods play a supporting role. This model not only provides a telling of American Indian history from perspective of American Indian elders for museum visitors, but also satisfies the goal of these elders to recover, preserve, enhance and expand our knowledge of indigenous people before the coming of Europeans.     

Digital Futures I: Museum Collections,Digital Technologies,and the Cultural Construction of Knowledge

Digital technologies and their uses within museum collections have until recently been explored primarily from a technical viewpoint. Increasingly, museum professionals are moving beyond technologically‐driven reasoning to entertain new ways of conceptualizing both collections and information. This is leading to knowledge models beyond those already imagined. This paper considers the synergy between theoretical ideas in the academy and the computer ontologies that have been brought to bear on collections information. Drawing on user research findings from the Themescaping Virtual Collections project and the work of leading literary and media theorists, the paper examines how user needs and digital technologies are reformulating our understanding of museum collections and the relationships between museums and audiences.     

Participatory Communication with Social Media

Abstract Major museums worldwide are starting to use social media such as blogs, podcasts and content shares to engage users via participatory communication. This marks a shift in how museums publicly communicate their role as custodians of cultural content and so presents debate around an institution's attitude towards cultural authority. It also signifies a new possible direction for museum learning. This article reports on a range of initiatives that demonstrate how participatory communication via social media can be integrated into museum practices. It argues that the social media space presents an ideal opportunity for museums to build online communities of interest around authentic cultural information, and concludes with some recent findings on and recommendations for social media implementation.     

探析移动端展览应用的传播实践——以故宫博物院“故宫展览”数字化项目为例

通过移动端推送博物馆展览是博物馆信息化的重要内容,但不少博物馆面临数字化应用无法实现服务质量和用户体验的预期,导致下载量和使用量较低的处境。本文以“故宫展览”数字化项目为例,通过对开发数字产品观念意识、展示设计能力的分析,总结出在设计数字产品中结合博物馆需求与观众需求,结合观众心理习惯与博物馆特色,构建以“物”为核心的展示内容,兼顾知识性与趣味性的展示形式,应用分众化传播策略等方法,探讨借助移动端数字应用对博物馆以教育为目标的传播属性起到的积极作用。     

Teaching TEI to undergraduates: A case study in a digital humanities curriculum

ABSTRACT

This case study describes two iterations of a Digital Humanities (DH) “Studio” course on scholarly text encoding as a model for a DH curriculum at a small liberal arts college. Designed to accompany a three-credit humanities course, the one-credit DH Studios are taught by library faculty. The paired courses share a final project—a digital edition of a short work of literature encoded in the Text Encoding Initiative. The DH Studio creates a methodology-focused environment for students to practice information and digital literacies.     

文化遗产智能计算的肇始与趋势——欧洲时光机案例分析

文化遗产是人类文明的载体与形式,蕴含丰富的文化内涵与民族精神。进入数字社会以来,借助大数据和人工智能等新兴数字技术与理念,数智化活化文化遗产,进而实现中华优秀传统文化创造性转化与创新性发展,已经成为文化遗产保护与传承的关键路径和数字化赓续的现实需求。在科技与人文融合精神指导下,本文尝试性提出了文化遗产智能计算的基本概念,分析了文化遗产智能计算基本目标和实现逻辑,并针对欧洲时光机项目进行了案例分析和经验总结。调查分析欧洲时光机项目的目标愿景、发展历程及其组织架构,系统梳理欧洲时光机的建设内容与代表性工作,归纳总结历史大数据构建的技术框架与逻辑路线,进而从数据资源、关键技术、标准平台、表现形式和共建机制等五个方面提出文化遗产智能计算的经验进路。文化遗产智能计算与历史大数据资源建设不仅是当代新文科建设的前沿学术问题,更是文化产业数字化转型面临的重大现实问题,对数字中国和文化强国重大战略的实施具有重要的理论创新价值与实践指导意义。     

The Temple and the Bazaar: Wikipedia as a Platform for Open Authority in Museums

Museums today grapple with the reconciliation of traditional models of authority with the expectation to incorporate new voices in cultural interpretation. At the same time, society is increasingly empowered by a social Web that provides collaboration, connectivity, and openness. This paper frames the dialogue of authority and openness around parallel theories within the museum and technology communities, offering Wikipedia as a platform for facilitating new perspectives in collaborative knowledge‐sharing between museums and communities. Expanding on the metaphors of the museum as “the Temple and the Forum” and the Web as “the Cathedral and the Bazaar,” this essay argues that issues of democratization, voice, and authority in museums can be addressed through Wikipedia's community, process, and its potential as a model for a new Open Authority in museums.     

Using 3D Printing to Enhance Understanding and Engagement with Young Audiences: Lessons from Workshops in a Museum

This paper details findings from a collaborative research project that studied children learning to 3D print in a museum, and provides an overview of the study design to improve related future programs. We assessed young visitors’ capacity to grasp the technical specificities of 3D printing, as well as their engagement with the cultural history of shoemaking through the museum's collection. Combining the museum's existing pedagogical resources with hands‐on technology experiences designed by Semaphore researchers, this study enabled both researchers and museum education staff to evaluate the use of 3D‐driven curriculum and engagement materials designed for children visiting cultural heritage museums. This study raises critical questions regarding the practicality of deploying 3D media to engage young learners in museums, and this paper illuminates the challenges in developing models for children to put historical and contextual information into practice.     

Objects in Focus: Museum Visitors and Instagram

While there is increasingly widespread use of social media by those visiting museum exhibitions relatively little is understood about this practice. Further still, the focus of such practices is unknown yet research in this area can reveal much about how visitors using applications driven by smart phone technology are engaging with exhibition content, space, design, architecture and people. This article draws on a case study of one exhibition using visual content analysis to frame, explore and interpret visual and text based posts by visitors using the social media application, Instagram, as part of their experience. Findings suggest that museum visitors using this application do so to account for and record details of their experience that draws attention to exhibition content, specifically objects. The implications are extensive for cultural institutions given the uptake of social media in all corners of life, with museums and galleries being a lively context for social media use via mobile technologies.     

国内外博物馆学习研究回顾与启示——基于Citespace的可视化分析

博物馆学习隶属于非正式学习领域,在我国教育研究中处于边缘地位,为了推进国内博物馆学习研究向纵深方向发展,需要把握国际相关研究的热点与前沿趋势。文章采用CiteSpace分析软件对国内外相关文献的发文量、关键词共现、聚类及突现等方面进行可视化分析。总结博物馆学习研究再出发的路径：利用现代信息技术,实现博物馆数字化学习;关注公众参与及影响因素,提高博物馆学习质量;理论与实践相结合,深化博物馆科学学习研究;基于博物馆学习结果多元性,开展纵向研究;立足本土文化,深化馆校合作实证研究。