我国优秀女子曲棍球运动员专项体能评价研究

采用问卷调查法、访谈法、测试法、数理统计法,以我国国家女子曲棍球队运动员为研究对象,对我国女子曲棍球运动员专项体能评价体系的构建进行探讨。旨在建立能够反映中国女子曲棍球运动员运动专项体能的指标体系,为运动员进行自身评价提供标准和指导,也为教练员安排整体和个体化训练提供理论依据。     

女子曲棍球运动员专项体能训练方法的探讨

曲棍球运动是以速度为主,兼有速度耐力和耐力性的项目。运动生物化学的研究表明,ATP—CP供能系统贮备的能量在理论上可维持最大强度运动6秒～8秒。虽然曲棍球运动员在比赛时持续活动的时间主要分布在10秒以内、11秒～20秒和27秒～40秒的时间区间,从供能特点来看,主要是无氧代谢     

我国优秀女子足球运动员比赛负荷特征的研究

采用文献资料研究法和观察统计等方法对１９９６ 年全国女子足球锦标赛决赛和全国奥林匹克青年足球锦标赛决赛进行了调查和统计。笔者着重对女子足球运动员比赛时间负荷特征和体能活动特征进行分析和研究。认为,在持续比赛时间短,强度大的女子足球比赛中,磷酸元供能系统在供能体系中起着重要的作用。另外我国女子足球运动员比赛中快跑和冲刺距离和次数均偏低,因此在体能训练中应加强跑动能力的训练。     

青少年女子曲棍球运动员准备期研究

以无锡市青少年女子曲棍球队的14名女运动员为研究对象,对2012年训练准备期进行了跟踪监测,应用血液指标和尿常规指标分析评定准备期训练计划和运动负荷安排的科学性,为科学训练提供参考。结果表明,大运动负荷引起运动员出现尿蛋白;运动员的血红蛋白（Hb）浓度的标准差呈逐渐上升的趋势。而平均值稍有下降,未超过10％;WBC超出正常范围,但呈逐渐下降趋势。说明大部分运动员的机体对训练负荷已经适应,曲棍球运动员准备期运动负荷安排较为科学,但运动员身体机能的差异性是在今后制定训练负荷时应考虑的重要因素之一。     

女子柔道运动员的体能特征

以北京体育大学竞技体校女子柔道队、天津女子柔道队、北京女子柔道队和山东省滨州地区女子柔道队共 6 1名运动员为研究对象 ,测试了 5 6项指标 ,包括基础指标 4项 ,形态指标 35项 ,机能指标 5项和身体素质指标 12项。利用因子分析的方法 ,得出有效反映运动员的体能水平的 11项指标为 :上肢长、起桥推 /体重 ,立定跳远 /身高 ,胸围 /身高× 10 0 ,4 0 0 m跑 ,肩宽 /骨盆宽 ,握力重复 /最大握力× 10 0 ,心功指数、肺活量 /体重 ,立位体前屈 /下肢长× 10 0和转肩 /下肢长。     

我国优秀女子铁饼运动员旋转技术的速度特征研究

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、三维高速影像解析法和数理统计法,对现阶段我国优秀女子铁饼运动员旋转技术的时空特征进行分析,得出以下结论:重心和铁饼的分速度大小及比例对运动员技术风格的形成有重要影响;在旋转技术完成瞬间,李艳凤和宋爱民的铁饼合速度分别是最大和最小的,不同的是李艳凤水平分速度占的比例大,宋爱民垂直分速度占的比例大,孙太凤在左脚单支撑阶段铁饼速度较快,导致腾空和过渡阶段铁饼速度下降;在左脚单支撑阶段,宋爱民右髋的速度最大导致她重心轨迹偏向左,孙太凤最慢的右髋速度和最快的右肩速度使她的重心轨迹偏右;李艳凤在过渡阶段过快的肩关节速度是她获得较快饼速的主要原因之一。在形成最后用力双支撑瞬间,我国运动员的肩轴角速度要大于髋轴,说明我国运动员已经开始最后用力。     

选拔优秀青年女子曲棍球运动员后备人才初探

选拔优秀的青年女子曲棍球运动后备人才,是提高我国女子曲棍球运动水平的关键所在。本文采用观察测量法、文,献资料法、专家访谈法、心理测试法等方法对北京青年女子曲棍球运动员进行了研究,并就选材原则、身体形态、气质类型及专项身体素质与选材的关系进行了分析,提出了自己的选材观点,以期提高青年女子曲棍球运动员选材的成功率。     

国家女子曲棍球队比赛负荷特征研究

为了解中国女子曲棍球比赛的运动负荷特征及运动员在场上的跑动位置和轨迹,应用GPSports Systems SPI 10运动监测系统及Polar团队心率表,对国家女子曲棍球队主力运动员26人备战2008年奥运会期间1～4月24场比赛数据进行整理分析。主要研究表明,我国优秀女曲运动员在场上比赛表现出明显的项目特征:高强度、高对抗,对各个位置运动员的体能要求都很高。由多种不同形式的运动方式穿插在一起组合而成,在场地上约15%的时间是间歇性短距离快跑形式(无氧代谢),约85%的时间是慢跑、走动或原地休息的运动形式(有氧代谢)。快速冲刺能力与国际高水平队存在一定差距。     

世界优秀女子100m栏运动员的速度特征研究

对国际田联公布的世界优秀女子100 m栏运动员的比赛成绩参数及柏林田径世锦赛该项目的生物力学数据进行了分析与研究,得出了该项目世界优秀运动员速度利用率、速度保持率、跨栏技术、栏间节奏等方面的参数。这些参数对于了解世界优秀跨栏运动员的速度特征、提高中国运动员的竞技水平提供了参考依据。     

我国优秀女子冰球运动员体能特征及影响因素研究

以我国优秀女子冰球运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料法、访谈法、测量法等分析我国优秀女子冰球运动员的体能特征及其影响因素,使教练员对冰球运动员的体能问题有更全面的认识和把握,在理论层面上达到指导训练的作用。通过与世界优秀女冰运动员比较得出:我国女子冰球运动员身高、体重普遍较低,体脂重水平较高,宽度与维度指标偏低,个别运动员肺活量较低,核心区域力量薄弱,身体稳定性不高,力量不够全面,力量耐力较弱。分析其原因主要是:教练员对体能的认知水平是导致运动员身体功能失衡的主要原因,训练中不重视监控及训练后不采取恢复措施是导致运动员伤病多发的重要原因,运动员的选材面小,难以形成竞争机制等。     

对冰球运动员心理状态的调查分析

现代冰球比赛要求运动员要具有良好的心理素质。为了全面了解和掌握冰球运动员心理状态，促进其心理训练和运动水平的提高，采用问卷法对我国34名冰球运动员心理状态进行调查分析，为心理训练提供有利依据。     

Skating mechanics of change-of-direction manoeuvres in ice hockey players

Ice hockey requires rapid transitions between skating trajectories to effectively navigate about the ice surface. Player performance relates in large part to effective change-of-direction manoeuvres, but little is known about how those skills are performed mechanically and the effect of equipment design on them. The purpose of this study was to observe the kinetics involved in those manoeuvres as well as to compare whether kinetic differences may result between two skate models of varying ankle mobility. Eight subjects with competitive ice hockey playing experience performed rapid lateral (90°) left and right change-of-direction manoeuvres. Kinetic data were collected using force strain gauge transducers on the blade holders of the skates. Significantly greater forces were applied by the outside skate (50–70% body weight, %BW) in comparison to the inside skate (12–24%BW, p < 0.05). Skate model and turn direction had no main effect, though significant mixed interactions between leg side (inside/outside) with skate model or turn direction (p < 0.05) were observed, with a trend for left-turn dominance. This study demonstrates the asymmetric dynamic behaviour inherent in skating change-of-direction tasks.     

Male professional tennis players maintain constant serve speed and accuracy over long matches on grass courts

The potential effect of fatigue on stroke production in tennis players is still controversial. The aim of this study was to analyse the tennis serve speed and accuracy in prolonged male professional matches played on grass courts. We analysed tennis serve statistics from five-set Wimbledon matches (n?=?15; 30 players). Results showed that match duration averaged 208.3?±?28.3?min. The overall serve speed was 177.0?±?10.2?km/h in the first set and 176.1?±?11.7?km/h in the fifth set (p?=?.34). The difference of all accuracy values of first set serves was not significantly different from those of the fifth set: percentage of valid first serves, 63.1?±?11.1% vs. 62.3?±?11.8%, respectively (p?=?.78); percentage of “aces”, 11.2?±?9.1% vs. 10.0?±?8.9%, respectively (p?=?.39); percentage of “winners”, 2.6?±?7.6% vs. 1.2?±?2.2%, respectively (p?=?.36); percentage of “double faults”, 2.8?±?3.0% vs. 2.8?±?3.4% (p?=?.97). In conclusion, tennis players were able to maintain constant serve speed and accuracy over five-set matches played on grass courts. Professional tennis players are capable of overcoming fatigue and/or make movement adjustments to effectively perform complex technical strokes like the serve throughout matches played on grass courts lasting more than 3?h in average.     

我国篮球职业联赛引进外籍球员的多维思考

研究认为,中国篮球协会从1995年借助外资尝试中国篮球职业化,引聘外籍球员,是中国篮球把握世界篮球运动的发展趋势,确立新的篮球竞技理念,学习与吸收新的技术、战术及运动员的职业化改革的有力举措,对普及我国篮球运动、提高竞技水平,无疑起到了积极的推动作用。但在与中国传统理念、文化相交融的过程中,也折射出正负两方面的影响,出现某些矛盾,产生不同评价。     

速度耐力和力量耐力测试对运动员部分生化指标影响的实验研究

以参加第十一届全运会的山东省男子曲棍球队8名运动员作为实验对象,对运动员运动过程中肌肉短时间持续用力的力量耐力机制进行对比实验研究.分别采用400米(速度耐力)和持续杠铃半蹲(力量耐力)两种不同的素质测试.通过两种测试后生化指标的分析对比,分析了力量耐力的形成机制.     

论冰球运动员的道德修养

在冰球运动的训练工作中,对运动员的道德修养教育重视程度不够.冰球运动是一项非常艰苦的体育项目,除了对运动员进行科学的、大负荷训练外,还应培养运动员爱岗敬业、积极进取、奋勇拼搏等综合素质.     

亚洲冰球联赛(中国)赞助市场发展对策研究

分析AHL(中国)体育赞助招商中存在的问题,从体育商品与营销,岗位教育培训,联赛宣传和推广方式等几个方面论述了AHL(中国)体育赞助市场的发展对策.     

Habituation of 10-year-old hockey players to treadmill skating

This study assessed changes in selected physiological and kinematic variables over 6 weeks of treadmill skating in an effort to understand the process of habituation to this novel training modality. Seven male, Atom-A hockey players who were injury-free and had no previous treadmill skating experience participated in the study. Players performed four 1-min skating bouts at progressively increasing speeds, each week, for 6 weeks. One speed (10.5 km/h) was repeated weekly to allow for assessment of the habituation process. Our criteria for habituation were: a decrease in stride rate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion, and an increase in stride length, trunk angle and vertical movement of the centre of mass, leading to a plateau, over the course of the 6-week study. Significant decreases were seen in stride rate, heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion, and significant increases were found in stride length. Some of these changes were evident after only one week of training and all were present by week 4. After 6 weeks (24 min) of exposure to treadmill skating, all participants displayed a visibly more efficient skating style.     

Activity profile and physical demands of male field hockey umpires in international matches

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the physical demands and activity profiles of international field hockey umpires during match-play. We collected GPS data and heart rates from ten umpires over 16 international matches. Total mean distance covered in a full match was 6655±406 m. No differences were observed between mean distances covered in the first and second halves (3390±241 m and 3264±253 m respectively; P =0.093). Hockey umpires spent 2.7±1% of the total match time performing high-intensity running (>15.5 km · h^–1). Paired t-tests revealed no difference in the distance umpires covered during high-intensity running in the first versus the second half (339±168 m vs. 285±106 m; P=0.113), or in the number of sprints performed (3.4±2.3 vs. 2.8±2.1; P=0.290). There was large inter-individual variability in the total distance covered at high intensity (range 274–999 m). No difference in mean heart rates was evident between the first and second half (150±9 and 147±10 beats · min^–1 respectively; P =0.055). The results of this study show that the performance of the participating hockey umpires did not decrease from the first to the second half. Training and testing procedures should be updated to reflect the specific role of the hockey umpire.     

Habituation of 10-year-old hockey players to treadmill skating

This study assessed changes in selected physiological and kinematic variables over 6 weeks of treadmill skating in an effort to understand the process of habituation to this novel training modality. Seven male, Atom-A hockey players who were injury-free and had no previous treadmill skating experience participated in the study. Players performed four 1-min skating bouts at progressively increasing speeds, each week, for 6 weeks. One speed (10.5 km/h) was repeated weekly to allow for assessment of the habituation process. Our criteria for habituation were: a decrease in stride rate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion, and an increase in stride length, trunk angle and vertical movement of the centre of mass, leading to a plateau, over the course of the 6-week study. Significant decreases were seen in stride rate, heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion, and significant increases were found in stride length. Some of these changes were evident after only one week of training and all were present by week 4. After 6 weeks (24 min) of exposure to treadmill skating, all participants displayed a visibly more efficient skating style.