陈独秀文学观之启蒙现代性追求

陈独秀承续晚清梁启超"三界革命"主张,以思想革命为旨归,促进了文学启蒙现代性的发生。其文学现代性启蒙思想来源于法国启蒙思潮,启蒙范式是从语言工具的变革继而至文学思想的革命,文学样式则站在"人"的立场,重新去发现并认识人的价值,继而实现其启蒙主张。陈独秀的文学追求虽然审美考量不足,但是对启蒙现代性的追求符合历史规定性。     

陈独秀早期的思想演变与文学观念

陈独秀早期思想发生了一系列变化,由选学妖孽到康梁派,进而到革命派;由社会革命到思想文化革命,并逐渐迈向政治革命。与之相随的是具有思想启蒙意义的文学活动的展开及其文学思想的产生。提倡平民教育与平民文学,主张社会功利文学观,提出文学革命的三大纲领。尊白话文学为正宗。批判“文以载道”思想,独尊写实主义与自然主义文学。     

从启蒙到普世——刘再复文学思想的一条主线

从事文学研究的学者．有文学评论家、文学鉴赏家、文学考据家、文学理论察、文学思想家之分。最为难得是文学思想家。所谓文学思想謇．就是在文学思想领域里能够“从思想方法开始进行变革”的人。刘再复先生则属于文学思想家。他始终是以自由思想家的身份从事着文学评论和研究工作。在他的文学思想中贯串着一条由启蒙到苷世的主线。20世纪80年代。刘再复是以一位启蒙思想战士的姿态出现在文坛上的。来到海外以后。他不仅没有停止自己的思想。而且向着更高的境界升华,从启蒙升华为普世。所谓普世．就是以世界的眼光,探索人类文化的深屡共性,打通中外文化的气脉,探究人类共同的生存困境,走出狭隘的“民族经验”。走向更深更广的精神领域。他对高行健的《灵山》、《一个人的圣经》等一系列作品的评论．就是见证．也表现了他作为文学思想家的基本特点。     

论新文化激进知识分子的现代性追求

新文化激进知识分子，从激进的思想文化革命到激进的政治革命，目的都在于推进现代中国社会的现代性进程。以伦理革命和文学革命为主的思想文化革命，对推进思想领域的现代化和中国文学的现代性进程起到了巨大作用。但他们发起的文化与思想启蒙运动，很大程度上都作为维护共和政治或重建社会政治秩序的一种手段，这种政治功利主义态度决定了其文化激进态度，尤其是全盘性反传统的激进态度。这种激烈的文化反叛，使其失去了民族文化的传承，因而也就失去了建构新文化秩序的基础，最终使民主与科学流于空洞的口号。马克思主义的传播给五四文化启蒙注入了新的现代性的内涵，但新文化激进知识分子急于在社会革命方面取得进展，对建构新文化秩序却没有充分的准备，这便注定了五四文化启蒙运动是一次未完成的启蒙。     

建构与超越:对梁启超“三界革命”的历史反思

梁启超是一个积极参与了近代历史变革,并且始终都与社会文化思潮保持着生动互动关系的政治活动家和思想启蒙者。梁氏文学思想呈现出外在文化的"涵化"以及内在精神的"调适"双重特征。梁启超是启蒙思想家、理论家和文学家三位一体的代表人物,他对于"三界革命"的理论和创作热情,就是一种对于启蒙新民的政治热情。梁氏文学观念与创作实践有着明确的价值指向性,其内部又交织着调适与悖反共存的内在张力。对"三界革命"进行反思,在今天这样一个"后革命"与"后理论"的文化语境之下有着特殊的理论意义和现实意义。     

胡适的民间视野及其对文学的现代性诉求

胡适的文学思想中具有鲜明的民间视野和民间情怀,他高度推崇民间文学的独特价值,大力倡导新文学向民间文学学习,参与征集歌谣的运动,加入歌谣研究会,重视歌谣研究;他倡导白话文学,整理中国白话文学史;他在自己的诗词创作中也以民间文学为师法的对象,体现出鲜明的民间视野和民间情怀。胡适文学思想中的民间视野和民间情怀的形成,既与中国传统文化有关,也与20世纪中国文学的现代性诉求有关。文学的现代性诉求和中国传统文化,共同催生了胡适的民间视野和民间情怀。     

黄公度的文化观与对中国新文化的贡献

黄公度是晚清历史时期的关键人物之一,在中国文化的现代转型中,其突出表现最为典型。黄公度胸怀全球,目光深邃,他把"诗界革命"与中国的文化和政治改革紧密地联系起来,涉及到政治、文学、民俗、教育、妇女诸问题。从而解决社会革命和文化革命的重大问题,这就是中国现代新文化思想所要解决的主要难题。他全面地反省和鞭挞灾难深重的封建文化思想和制度,成为中国文化现代性转型的新起点。     

湖湘文学的三种现代性想象

20世纪的湖湘文学,在西方现代性观念和湖湘文化的双重影响下,呈现出三种现代性想象方式:以经世致用的理性精神为特征的启蒙现代性;以强烈浓郁的爱国情怀为核心的革命现代性;以神秘浪漫的巫楚文化为底蕴的审美现代性。这三种现代性的想象方式,构筑了20世纪湖湘文学历史发展的整体性面相。     

德国文学思想的现代转型概论

十九世纪末二十世纪初是德国古典哲学、美学走向现代哲学、美学的分水岭,此时期的德国文学思想理念也迅速地自觉地向现代文学靠拢。德国文学思想的审美现代性的特点在于对启蒙现代性的反思,表现出的主要特点是:民族意识性、象征符号性、非理性化。德国现代文学虽然流派众多,但是共同地推动德国文学走上了现代文化之路,并鲜明地体现出了自己的民族特色。     

二元互补与杂糅共生——中国早期文学思想的构成问题

出土简帛文献和存世文献的话语系统表明,在共同的文化语境中,中国早期文学思想中不乏一系列的二元互补的文学话语组合,造就了中国古代文学思想话语资源的多样化情形。强调功用的文学思想,成为诸多文学论题的纽带和关节,共同描摹出早期文学思想的功用主义色彩。同时,文学因素与文化因素杂糅共生、融合于文化场域而凸显文化价值。二元互补、突出功用色彩的文学思想是早期文学思想构成的内在语境,而杂糅共生、融合于文化场域而凸显文化价值的文学思想是早期文学思想构成的外在语境,两者互为条件、互为背景。以现有的出土简帛文献而言,为政治人生服务而不是为文学本体服务的文学思想,占据早期中国文学思想的主要领地。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.