On Strategies in English Listening at Junior Middle Schools in Rural Areas

It is so disappointed that at present, the students’ listening ability is extremely poor, especially that of the middle school students in rural area. There are plenty of factors that cause this problem, among which there are three major reasons. They are the insufficient equipment in the school, the lacking of interest of the students and the difficulty in the listening study.     

Communicative Language Teaching in the English Classroom

The communicative approach is very much in vogue at present both at home and abroad.This paper,while discussing the problems that exist in the English classrooms in China,focuses on the factors that influence the communication between people not only of different cultures but also of different genders,professions,and ages etc.And the author discusses the communicative language teaching methods in the English classroom.This paper analyzes the communicative approach mainly from three perspectives,linguistic,psycholinguistic,and the pragmatic perspective.And the author analyzes the factors that influence the communication between people mainly in classroom.     

Experimental study on the spatial distribution of particle rotation in the upper dilute zone of a cold CFB riser

Particle rotation plays an important role in gas-solid flows. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the spatial distribution of average rotation speed for glass beads in the upper dilute zone of a cold circulating fluidized bed （CFB） riser. It is shown that in the horizontal direction, the average rotation speed in the near-wall area is larger than that in the center area, while in the vertical direction, it decreases as the height increases. The reason resulting in this distribution is analyzed by considering several factors including particle size, particle shape, particle number density, particle collision behavior, and the surrounding flow field, etc. The effects of CFB operation conditions on the spatial distribution of average rotation speed are also studied. The results show that the increasing superficial gas velocity increases the average rotation speed of particles in the near wall area but takes nearly no effect on that in the center area. The external solids mass flux, however, takes the opposite effect. It is found that the average rotation speeds of particles in both areas are increased as the total amount of bed material increases.     

On Application of the Student-centered Approach in English Classroom Teaching of Chinese Vocational Colleges

Nowadays, people have been more critical about the traditional ways of teaching and advocate the student-centered teaching approach. This paper focuses on the student- centered approach in English classroom teaching in vocational colleges. It points out that the students’ English levels, the current mainstream of teaching in English class as well as the teaching materials in Chinese vocational college are all important factors that influence the outcome of the student-centered teaching approach. Meanwhile, the paper proves that college students can gain more in the student-centered English class. In the end, some suggestions are provided.     

Performance of underground heat storage system in a double-film-covered greenhouse

An underground heat storage system in a double-film-covered greenhouse and an adjacent greenhouse without the heat storage system were designed on the basis of plant physiology to reduce the energy consumption in greenhouses. The results indicated that the floor temperature was respectively 5.2℃, 4.6℃ and 2.0 ℃ higher than that of the soil in the adjacent reference greenhouse after heat storage in a clear, cloudy and overcast sky in winter. Results showed that the temperature and humidity were feasible for plant growth in the heat saving greenhouse.     

A Comparison of Demonstratives in English and Chinese

This paper re-examines the comparison of the demonstratives in English and Chinese,which has been discussed by many linguists.They argue that the demonstratives in English and Chinese don’t correspond symmetrically,and that ’这’ in Chinese,for example,is more widely used than this in English.Earlier approaches to the comparison in terms of space,time and text distance are reviewed.This paper assumes that,compared with English demonstratives,the proximity indicated by Chinese demonstratives is more influenced by psychological factors.This paper holds that the space,time and text distance as well as psychological distance act upon each other,co-determining the choice of demonstratives in Chinese.     

英文文摘

LiuDongshan in JiuYueJi written by Song Maocheng plays very important roles in the assessment of his status in the history of classical Chinese novels and also in the reunderstanding of the value of the late Ming classical Chinese novels. In the novel, the warrior＇s constant existence crisis in the dangerous wide world is emphasized, and the idea that those with high Martial arts should not be showy is proposed. The value that the loser should retire automatically from the wide world proposed in this novel not only has far-reaching effect on the formation of the rule that skill speaks louder than anything else in wide world but also arouses serious thinking about the relationship between warriors and the wide world.     

English Acquisition in Classroom Teaching

In the course of learning English in classroom,students cultivate their ability to use the language.But that ability does not mean they are able to acquire that language in a communicative way,because the acquisition of language in classroom is mainly for the purpose of learning.It starts and ends in a particular circumstance-the classroom.In that case,analyzed and discussed is the universal feature of English acquisition in classroom and its effects on practical use respectively.     

Transfer of Native Language——A Minor Role in Second Language Acquisition

This essay deals with the long controversial issue of whether transfer of native language has a major or minor role in the second language acquisition.Based on a brief introduction of all the literature regarding the language transfer in SLA and investigated through a deeper look into the main theories on the role of native language,the essay points out that the role of transfer of NL is evidently far from being as definite or dominant as it is supposed to be.The essay asserts that language universals but not the NL facts were found to play the leading role in the transfer.It holds that Universal Grammars are functioning in determining where language transfer occurs,and thus comes to its conclusion that the role of transfer from NL is inferior to that of UG in SLA,which explains why among second language learners there has been a remarkable common experience that language learners in the early stages will produce in the target language linguistic forms which can be related neither to their mother tongue nor to the target language.     

Grammar and Its Teaching： Challenging the Myths

Grammar is often misunderstood in the language teaching field.The misconception lies in the view that grammar is a collection of arbitrary rules about static structures in the lan- guage.Further questionable claims are that the structures do not have to be taught,learners will acquire them on their own, or if the structures are taught,the lessons that ensue will be boring.Consequently,communicative and proficiency-based     

Analysis and simulation of molecular dynamics of lysozyme in water cluster system

The influence of water on protein conformation was investigated by simulating the molecular dynamics of a model protein lysozyme in different water systems.The lysozyme-water system with TIP3P water model and lysozyme-water cluster system with six-ring water model were evaluated.In addition,the radial distribution function of solvent around lysozyme was calculated.It is found that the distribution of water molecules around lysozyme is similar to that of water clusters.The analyses of dihedral angles and disulfide bonds of lysozyme show that the conformation of lysozyme is severely damaged in the lysozyme-water cluster system compared with that in the lysozyme-water system.This difference can be attributed to the formation of larger number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between lysozyme and water cluster.It is in agreement with the analysis that water clusters can change the degree of denaturation in the process of heat denaturation of lysozyme.     

Empirical Studies on the Community＇s Education for the Aged ——Investigations to the 12 Cities

The text discusses the problem of form of organization and security system of old-age education in community from theoretical and practical aspects. From the practical analysis, we find that the main form of old-age education in community is school education. The statistics of the research shows that the level of old-age education in community is in primary stage. The teaching form, the teaching content, the mechanism of organization, and fundamental facilities need to be strengthened. The analysis in different areas shows that the teaching activities and fundamental facilities of old-age school in eastern cities are obviously better than that of cities in middle region. In theoretical analysis, it expounds the relationship between old-age education and the education in communities, old-age education and life long education. And it also raises the problem of the confusion of definition in the studying course of the old-age education＇s theories such as attribution, characteristic, and definition. Its content has been renewed. The theoretical framework has been raised in the research of security system.     

Validity and Reliability of an English Test Paper in Junior Middle School

Test plays an important role in our lives in that it can cause backwash towards our teaching and learning.Thus the pur pose of the present study is to examine the quality of an English test paper in a junior middle school of Urumqi according to the language test theories.Through the data collection and analyses,the results indicate that the test paper is a medium-level test and the reliability is suitable.From the correlation analysis,we can see that each part has a high correlation value to the total,indicat ing that all of them contribute to generate language proficiency.     

Experimental and thermal stress investigation on side wall deformation at the pendent convective pass in a utility boiler

An experimental investigation is performed on side wall deformation at the pendant convective pass （PCP） in a 300 MW and a 600 MW utility boiler. The temperature distributions are measured on the side wall areas of the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the horizontal convective pass （HCP） in the two utility boilers. These experiments show that there are great temperature differences in the side wall areas during the startup process in both utility boilers. These temperature differences can reach 80-150 ~C with the side wall temperature in the PCP area higher than those in the water-cooled wall and the HCP. The highest temperature in the PCP is close to the flue gas side temperature at the same position in the horizontal flue gas pass. Thermal stress analyses are conducted in the side wall areas in the water-cooled wall, the PCP and the HCP with the software ANSYS. The results show that, at great temperature differences, the PCP side wall undergoes negative thermal stresses that exceed the yield strength causing deformation in the PCP side wall.     

The inculcation of generic skills among juveniles through Technical and Vocational Education

Generic skills are skills which contribute towards individual＇s effective and successful participation in the workplace. For juveniles, Technical and Vocational Education （TVE） is one of the platforms that provide them generic skills which enable them to compete for job market. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of generic skills that has been inculcated through TVE on juveniles in one of the juvenile schools in Malaysia, the time the teachers spent on inculcating the skills, and the challenges the instructors face in the process. There are four focuses of the generic skills that are of interest in this study： communication, teamwork, problem solving and technology. Eight teachers and 119 juveniles were chosen as the respondents from the Juvenile School （JS）. The data collected was through a set of questionnaires from the respondents, and these were analyzed by using frequency, percentage and mean score. The findings from this research show that the level of generic skills inculcated as perceived by the juveniles is at a moderate level. The perceived moderate level of skill acquire of the juveniles is justified by the moderate amount of time that the teachers believed they spend in instilling the generic skills. The teachers also suggested that the lack of understanding on what generic skills are is the main reason for not inculcating generic skills at its highest level. In conclusion, generic skills inculcation on juveniles through TVE in Juvenile School is at an average level. Measures have to be taken so that inculcation of generic skills can be increase to a higher level, as these generic skills will benefit juveniles in the labor force market.     

Foreign exchange risk management by Indian IT companies:an empirical analysis

The increased volatility in the foreign exchange market in recent years has increased the foreign exchange risk faced by companies worldwide. This phenomenon holds good in the Indian context also. This paper tries to report on the foreign exchange risk-management practices among Indian IT (information technology) companies. The results are consistent with expectations that foreign exchange risks faced by Indian IT companies is very high especially in the light of the recent appreciation of the rupee against the USD and most of the companies are using all the available techniques to mitigate the risks. The evidence suggests that the forward cover is the most widely used derivative instrument in managing the risks and the respondents taking part in the survey believe that the government is failing in maintaining a stable exchange rate.     

Recent Researches in Computer Science of Some’Deified’Universities

Nowadays,computers are very common in the daily life.The whole society is deterred by the vast power of the com puter.The computer plays the role that range from the solving of basic date information to the utility in the daily life.In one word,the computer changes the style of our lives.Nevertheless,the development of the computer is only in the nascent period,so the new researches in the computer science are ubiquitous,the typical examples that settled in the paper will explain different aspects of the computer and different trends.     

A Corpus-based Investigation of NEED in Written American English

As one of the most frequent words in the English language,the study of NEED has attracted the attention of linguists in the late decades.Nonetheless,none of the previous research had ever examined the diachronic variation of NEED in American English from 1810s to 2000s as this study did,thus not in a position to make a comprehensive observation of NEED variation.The present study is based on a well-balanced corpora-Corpus of Historical American English(COHAE)1 to investigate the diachronic change of NEED in written American English.Moreover,intra-linguistic and extra-linguistic factors were analyzed to provide reasonable explanations for the differences in frequency.The aim was to improve the understanding of the development and variation of NEED usage in American English.The study suggests that before the 1900s,NEED as a model and verb in American English shows a distinct and complex picture different from that in the British English,but it shows similar development since then.It also finds that need to is undergoing grammaticalization.Another finding worth noting is that NEED undertakes degrammaticalization on the one hand and experiences regrammaticalization on the other hand.     

Cooperative Learning in Mediterranean European Cultural Settings:Taking Classroom Teaching in UMA as an Example

This paper provides an exploration of cooperative learning(CL) in a Mediterranean European cultural setting, taking classroom teaching in the University of Málaga(UMA) as an example. An important part of the paper is on the definitions of CL, second language acquisition(SLA) and relative literature by scholars or educators home and abroad, such as historical and contemporary views of CL, its development and application in a variety of classrooms, esp. in multi-lingual settings, in UMA. It also puts much emphasis on sociocultural aspects of CL. Besides, this paper compares the application of CL with that in SWUST,one public university in Southwest China. In views of current problems and awkward situations in the application of CL, the paper argues that the qualified teachers and quality monitoring systems are the two major decisive factors that affect the achievement of CL in Spanish institutions. This paper also analyzes the main characteristics of the classroom teaching in Mediterranean European Cultural Settings. Thus, the paper suggests that CL may be one of the most efficient approaches to improving the quality of education in UMA. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations and suggestions that Spanish institutions train more wellqualified teachers to meet the increasing demand of CL approach in multi-contextual or multi-lingual settings.     

有序无序转变对金属间化合物环境氢脆敏感性的影响

The mechanism involving the effect of disorder/order transformation on the environmental embrittlement in gaseous H2 is summarized. It is shown that there is no hydrogen embrittlement in disordered state of Kurnakov type intermetallics in gaseous H2. However, the H2-induced environmental embrittlement for the ordered alloy having identical chemical composition becomes severer as the degree of the order increases. The results of testing on the ion gage turned on and off during tensile testing show that the more sensitive to H2-induced hydrogen embrittlement for ordered alloy than disordered one is attributed to the fact that atomic ordering may accelerate the kinetics of the catalytic reaction to produce more atomic hydrogen. The results on simultaneous hydrogen charging show that disordered alloys embrittled as hydrogen atoms are forced into the material implying that the embrittlement of ordered alloy in gaseous H2 is also due to the acceleration of the kinetics of catalytic reaction. The above suggestion was further verified by the adsorption tests of Ni3Fe intermetallics powder. It is shown that the amount of chemically adsorbed hydrogen in ordered state is significantly larger than that adsorbed by the disordered alloy, indicating that the more sensitive to H2-induced embrittlement in the ordered state of alloy is essentially due to the accelerated catalytic reaction.