eParticipation research: Moving characterization forward (2006–2011)

Research on the use of information technology to support democratic decision-making (eParticipation) is experiencing ongoing growth, stimulated by an increasing attention from both practitioner and research communities. This study provides the first longitudinal analysis of the development of the eParticipation field based on a shared framework, capturing the directions that the research field of eParticipation is taking in recent developments.     

eParticipation research: Systematizing the field

It has been widely acknowledged recently that the research field of eParticipation suffers from lack of comprehensive theoretical contributions, insufficient depth, and inconsistency in definitions of central concepts. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the field researchers find it difficult to consolidate their theoretical groundwork and further theory building in the eParticipation domain. This paper reports a literature study of conceptual publications on the subject of eParticipation/eDemocracy in the time frame of 2007–2009. Its objectives are to track recent theoretical development in the field, to reveal constraints and limitations to researching the area, and to offer some suggestions for further inquiry. The results show that most theories currently used in conceptual eParticipation research originate from the fields of Political Science and Media and Communication Studies. But together with this, contemporary eParticipation authors contribute to strengthening the field with some “in-house” models and frameworks as well. Central problems with eParticipation research concern immaturity of the field, topical gaps, and biased assumptions. The review shows that the themes of recent publications can be grouped into three major categories: stakeholders, environment, and applications and tools. It also finds some interconnections between these categories; however, in general the coupling technology–stakeholders–(participatory) environments is weak.     

Brands and Branding in Media Management—Toward a Research Agenda

This article provides a systematic overview and conceptual analysis of existing research on brands and branding in the literature on media management. The aim is to advance knowledge in the field by mapping out the different ways in which brands are understood and conceptualized in the literature. In doing so, the article identifies overlooked research areas and works toward a research agenda for future scholarly research on the topic. Overall, it is argued that the further development of the area calls for a more systematic theoretical analysis of the nature of media brands and the specific features and complexities of the media field as a strategic business environment where brands are built and managed. The development of the research area would seem to be crucial not only for scholarly reasons, but also because strong brands seem to be gaining strategic value and importance in today’s changing and highly competitive media markets.     

eParticipation practices and mechanisms of influence: An investigation of public policymaking

This paper investigates eParticipation practices and the mechanisms of influence that help promote changes in public policy formulation. We use the perspective of power as a lens for our investigation. We analyze eParticipation processes in the drafting of three public mobility policies in major Brazilian cities. Based on comparative and retrospective cases, we propose a processual framework for understanding eParticipation practices and the mechanisms used over time to influence decision-making. We show how the actors involved, tools chosen, platform design, interactions on the platform, mediation, and mechanisms used by engaged citizens and the government influence public policymaking. Our study contributes to the literature concerning eParticipation with an original processual framework to explain actors' practices and the mechanisms of influence on policymaking in digital participation spaces. Additionally, we broaden the discussion regarding the complementarity between possession and practice views of power. We argue that a better understanding of the eParticipation platform interactions that influence public policy decisions requires attention to formal authority and critical resource control. However, it is also necessary to recognize the interactions and mechanisms implemented in practice. Our findings are helpful for policymakers seeking to create effective participatory processes while considering citizens' opinions.     

基于汉语科技词系统的新兴科研趋势监测研究

及时了解科研动态,把握学科方向对科研机构、企业和整个国家都非常重要。在科学研究的全生命周期中,新兴趋势阶段代表了科研发展方向,因此对其监测具有重要的意义。对科研新兴趋势的研究也将是数字图书馆的一种知识服务。文章在已有的新兴趋势监测模型基础之上,以期刊文献资源为基础,设计了兴趣度和有用性的计算方法及新兴科研趋势的评价标准。文章以自主开发的汉语科技词系统为例,说明了知识组织系统在主题识别、主题表示和主题确认等工作中的作用,为以汉语科技词系统为代表的知识组织系统在新兴趋势监测中的应用提供了基本解决方案。     

How to Find Local Law

This article provides guidance for legal research in American municipal and county law, with particular emphasis on California. Included is information on the local lawmaking process, an overview of local legal publishing, availability of local laws, and a review of suggested secondary sources, both print and on-line. Applications of the Internet and other developing technologies are discussed as emerging avenues for the delivery of local legal materials to remote based researchers.     

Collaborative,Creative, Participative: Trends in Public Library Innovation

Innovation in public libraries has been concentrated in the areas of participation, making & creating, learning, new outreach and partnerships. These trends represent the emerging areas of strategic focus for public libraries and are strongly influencing the development of library services towards a model that is collaborative, creative and participative, and that places the library at the centre of its user’s daily lives. This article provides an overview of these trends, with examples of how they are manifesting in library services, programming and strategy.     

数据故事的自动生成与工程化研发

[目的/意义]明确定义数据故事化的内涵与特征,正确理解数据故事与文学故事的区别,实现数据故事化的自动生成和工程化研发是推动数据故事化这一新研究领域的关键所在。[方法/过程]首先,在调查分析数据故事化领域的研究现状的基础上,提出了数据故事化的内涵与特征;其次,采用数据科学与数据工程方法提出数据故事的自动生成流程;最后,运用软件工程方法设计出数据故事的工程化研发的参考架构。[结果/结论]数据故事的自动生成流程的提出对于数据故事化领域的理论研究具有重要借鉴意义,而数据故事的工程化开发参考架构的设计为研发数据故事产品组件及培育产业生态系统具有较大的参考价值。     

Methods for studying family visitors in art museums: A cross-disciplinary review of current research

This paper examines current trends in family studies research, details the methodological and topical perspectives that are emerging, and reflects on how these findings could be integrated to provide a more coherent approach to researching the leisure, learning and recreational aspects of family visitors to art museums. Research findings from disciplines such as sociology, ethnography, education, design and marketing are of interest to the field of visitor studies, and this paper contributes to the wider research agenda by providing an overview of family research methods from a range of other disciplines, as well as those used within visitor studies.Over the last decade, there has been a growth of research in family learning in science museums, leading to an emerging disciplinary matrix, whilst many aspects of family visits to art museums remain relatively unexplored. The paper discusses the problems of gathering meaningful data from adults and children in family groups, and concludes by suggesting that a challenge for art museums is to learn from what is happening in other areas of cultural research into families, and to develop a framework for research which builds on the methodological strengths and practical experience of robust studies.     

国际视野下的数字人文教育--基础设施视角的社区驱动型数字人文课程登记中心

数字人文以其新实践、新途径和新方法丰富了传统的人文学科领域。进入21世纪以来,暑期学校、研讨会和其他类似形式的教育活动普及了一系列与之相关的必备技能,以保证学生、学者们能够把握数字时代的新机会,同时世界各地推出了越来越多相关的学士和硕士项目。本文论述的焦点--数字人文课程登记中心(Digital Humanities Course Registry,DHCR)的创建就是为了展现全球日益兴盛的数字人文教育状况,其使命是广泛收集同类课程的资料,提供数字人文领域教学和培训的最新动态。文章探讨了数字人文这一新兴领域,并对CLARIN和DARIAH这两个欧洲基础设施进行介绍--它们是DHCR的共同运营者。文中还具体描述了DHCR的数据模型和数据管护流程,简要介绍其历史。利用DHCR实时数据,以定量方式描绘了数字人文教学的国际格局。     

After the goldrush — the golden age of reference linking

Reference linking is emerging as a key differentiator in the evaluation of online content. However, many publishers find themselves unfamiliar with the buzzwords, unsure of the technologies and overwhelmed by the concepts involved. This article provides a simple overview of the evolution of linking technology, reviews the current situation and suggests some requirements for continued development. The practical benefits to various groups within the information community, along with their potential responsiblities, are addressed.     

国内外数字人文研究主题比较分析

数字人文作为一个新兴的、跨学科的热门研究领域,其所涉及的研究内容、研究方法纷繁复杂,理清国内外主题发展态势,对数字人文的进一步发展具有重要指导意义。文章以数字人文的研究主题为切入点,基于Web of Science和CNKI数据库,通过构建共现矩阵、系统聚类分析、计算主题密度值和向心度值来绘制战略坐标图,揭示国内外数字人文主题发展态势,同时揭示了国内外数字人文研究主题的成熟领域、核心领域、新兴领域以及边缘领域,为我国数字人文研究的进一步发展提供借鉴。     

Shifting the Perspective of the Research Librarian: A CoResearch Paradigm

This article proposes the coresearch engagement model (CoRE), which addresses how the academic research librarian can become a coresearch partner with any patron. The CoRE model is an interpersonal process and is founded upon the concepts of mutual respect, collaboration, reciprocity, and empowerment. Grounded in Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory, Malcolm Knowles’ andragogical model, and guidelines from the Reference and User Services Association, CoRE has the potential to result in engagement for the librarian and patron. The CoRE model can be utilized in many ways including self-awareness and development for those who need and want to expand their abilities as a research librarian. It provides a theoretical framework and a knowledge base, in addition to giving a context for further development by expanding, comparing the related theories for further research, and implementing various applications suggested by this article.     

国内外数字资源绩效评价研究综述

文章系统介绍了国内外开展数字资源绩效评价的相关研究项目、制定的指南、标准和公开发表的文献,提出我国数字资源绩效评价领域研究的发展方向。     

从JASIST2014年载文看信息科学进展

[目的/意义] 梳理2014年西方信息科学的发展,为信息科学领域研究人员把控研究全局和选择研究方向提供参考。[方法/过程] 以JASIST 2014年全年载文为基础数据,建立信息科学研究内容基本分类体系,以人工判读的形式进行内容分析,对载文进行分类和解析。[结果/结论] 信息科学基本理论已趋于成熟,研究已不再是主流;传统的信息科学研究领域包括信息传播与交流合作、计量与评价方法、信息用户、信息检索、信息管理等,研究方向呈现出多样性;新媒体、个人信息隐私等新领域已成为新的研究热点,同时信息科学也更加重视信息领域人文方面的研究。     

Alignment 2.0: Strategic use of new internet technologies in government

This paper challenges the view that strategies for using Web 2.0 should primarily be based upon technological characteristics. The value of the organizational strategic alignment approach for developing specific operational Web 2.0 strategies for government organizations is explored both theoretically and empirically. On the basis of a review of the literature we conclude that there are no a priori reasons why the idea of a fit between IT strategy and business strategic orientation cannot be applied to the development of operational Web 2.0 strategies for government organizations. The empirical exploration based on intervention research at the Dutch Department of Education results in the identification of five configurations: organizational transparency, organizational interactions, policy sector transparency, policy sector interactions and process and policy innovation. These configurations are logically consistent with the strategic orientations of the three directorates of the Department of Education. This overview does not pretend to be exhaustive but validates the idea that an alignment approach leads to differences in operational strategies. The configuration approach provides organizations with useful a starting point for developing their Web 2.0 strategies.     

Fostering a Community of Scholars at the University of Warwick: The Wolfson Research Exchange

This article focuses on the University of Warwick's Wolfson Research Exchange which opened in October 2008. It describes the varied environment that the facility offers to Warwick's research community, and explores the service model provided. The new approaches to learning space design and the students’ expectations that informed and influenced the Research Exchange's creation (as well as its ongoing service development) are also discussed. This case study provides an overview of the Research Exchange's developments, successes, and lessons learned which could be applicable to other institutions exploring dedicated spaces and support for their research communities.     

图书情报领域中的交叉科学研究:进展与展望

面对具有复杂性、综合性和交融性的重大问题,单一学科的理论和方法往往难以对其进行全方位的深入探讨和系统建构,交叉科学研究日益成为解决人类发展重大难题不可或缺的研究范式。本文基于交叉科学研究相关论文的著录项信息,呈现了当前图书情报领域中的交叉科学研究在国家、机构、作者、期刊等不同维度的基本概貌,并运用耦合分析探究了交叉科学研究的主题分布情况。系统分析交叉科学的主要研究进展,有利于从整体上把握其发展脉络,挖掘当前研究的热点与重点,对于推动我国的交叉科学研究具有一定的启示与借鉴意义。     

国外图书馆支持数字人文研究进展

[目的/意义] 数字人文是图书馆服务边界延伸的新兴领域,了解国外图书馆支持数字人文发展研究动态对促进我国图书馆实践创新具有重要的现实意义。[方法/过程] 利用文献调研、内容分析和案例解读等方法,在阐述数字人文与图书馆关系的基础上,评析图书馆支持数字人文发展研究现状。[结果/结论] 图书馆可以在资源导航、工具应用、项目维护、数字保存、元数据管理、版权指导、学术评价以及数字出版等方面为数字人文发展提供支持;可以从发展培训计划、优化课程设计、开辟研究空间、开展协同合作等方面开展实践;就发展前景来看,图书馆应当为馆员提供培训机会、合理授权和激励机制等保障。     

论知识管理研究的知识基础和主要研究领域

从文献计量学的角度对知识管理研究的概念体系、发展前沿加以研究,认为当前知识管理研究存在着4个主要的研究领域,分别体现了不同的知识基础,即:从公司战略的高度认识知识管理;“学习”的相关研究;组织信息处理和IT支持;知识管理的实践。提出应寻找知识管理研究的共同性和对范式进行整合,而绘制知识管理研究的“知识地图”,是知识管理研究整合的最基础性工作。