A Level与中国高中化学新课程标准之比较研究

本文将英体系下的A Level课程中化学课程目标,课程内容以及课程评价等几方面和国内目前的高中新课标进行对比研究,找出其设置特点,以期对我国新课程化学课程教学研究提供借鉴和启示。     

Junior high school science transformed: analysing a science curriculum policy change

In response to a governmental initiative associated with expanding the technological infrastructure of its economy, the Canadian province of Alberta undertook extensive revision of its secondary school science programme, starting in 1986. This paper is about the junior high school programme (Grades 7‐9, ages about 12‐15). The subject matter configuration was changed from a ‘layer‐cake’ design to a ‘coordinated’ design. The objectives were broadened to include three mandated curriculum emphases, distributed evenly across the 18 units of the three‐year programme. The paper examines these and other features of the development and implementation of this reasonably successful curriculum policy.     

Queering high school biology textbooks

As teachers committed to educating all students, we need to learn more about how instructional materials shape representations of sexuality and gender. Through its insistent deconstruction of the norms that structure practice and belief, queer theory offers perspectives from which science educators can question assumptions embedded in textbooks. This article applies queer theory to analyze eight biology textbooks used in the United States. Specifically, we ask how biology textbooks address sexuality outside the heterosexual norm and if they propagate heteronormative attitudes. The textbooks examined offer deafening silences, antiseptic factoids, socially sanitized concepts, and politically correct binary‐gendered illustrations. In these textbooks, the term homosexuality was used only in the context of AIDS where, along with iv drug users, they were identified as an affected group. The pervasive acceptance of heteronormative behavior privileges students that fit the heterosexual norm, and oppresses through omission and silence those who do not. We offer implications for practice to help science educators broaden their perspectives on the constructs of sexuality and gender to construct new ways of knowing and understanding differences in science classrooms and the natural world. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 617–636, 2004     

例析高中生物探究性学习的类型

简单介绍了探究性学习的类型,并举例分析了资料型探究、科学史探究、实验探究和调查型探究4种探究学习类型在教学过程中的实施,指出了应该注意的问题。     

初探高中生对生物学不同学习方式的兴趣

通过对高中生在生物学学习中对不同学习方式的兴趣的调查研究 ,发现学生们对不同学习方式的兴趣水平差异显著 ,最感兴趣的学习方式是体验式学习 ;其次是接受式学习 ;再次是讨论式学习 ;兴趣水平最低的学习方式是读写式学习。对这四种学习方式的兴趣 ,男女生之间以及选修不同科目的学生之间的差异均不显著 ;对体验式学习和接受式学习的兴趣 ,不同年级学生之间的差异均不显著 ,而对读写式学习和讨论式学习的兴趣却是高三年级显著低于低年级学生。     

角色扮演教学法在高中生物教学中的应用

结合教学实例,分析角色扮演教学法的概念及实施的步骤,运用角色扮演活动进行教学,可以促使学生进一步认识并掌握生物基本概念,充分体现学生的主体,促使学生学会沟通与合作,培养学生各种能力.     

基于生物科学史的高中生物学命题策略研究

以生物科学史进行科学整合和优化组合后的情境为载体进行命题,可突破传统过于注重考核知识的命题模式,构建新的以评价核心素养为主体的命题范式。以科学史命题时,可采用形成生命观念、理解科学本质,关注科学思维、感悟科学方法,强化科学实验、体验科学探究,联系社会生活、提升社会责任等策略,并注意简化科学史信息的呈现、布局科学史设问的梯度、转换科学史考查的角度等。     

中学生物实验的遗憾

生物学实验是学生获取生物知识的最有效手段之一，同时在对学生整体素质的提高方面，起到了非实验教学无法替代的作用。现行的生物课本中安排的生物实验仍有不少的遗憾。     

中学科学课程与生物课程之比较

科学课程与生物课程在学校的整体课程中的地位是相等的,两者间没有孰优孰劣的区别,在生命科学内容选择、课程设计、学习方式和科学素养的培养方面等各有不同。     

Motivation and studying in high school science

Three groups of high school science students (college-bound and non-college-bound freshmen, college-bound juniors and seniors) completed surveys measuring their beliefs in the utility of four kinds of study strategies, three types of motivational orientation to science (task orientation, ego orientation, and work avoidance), their reported ability, and attitude toward science. Results indicated that belief in the usefulness of strategies requiring deep processing of information was more strongly positively related to task orientation than to ego orientation in all groups. For the younger groups only, task orientation was positively related to belief in the utility of surface-level strategies (e.g., rote memorization of facts). Task orientation proved to be the best predictor of student beliefs in deep-processing strategies, above and beyond that explained by perceived ability and interest in science. The implications of these findings for the current and future goals of science educators are discussed.     

An experimental study of the effect of the presence or absence of living visual aids in high school biology classrooms upon attitudes toward science and biology achievement

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects resulting from the presence or absence of living material in the biology classroom on knowledge of biology and attitudes toward science and sciencing. An experimental design employed random assignment to treatment and control groups. A separate-sample pretest-posttest control group design was used with 111 biology students from a medium-sized suburban high school. The treatment was administered for 16 weeks. The treatment group held class in a room containing live plant and animal displays attractively maintained. The control group students held class in a general purpose classroom containing no living materials. Students in the treatment group performed higher on both dependent measures (knowledge of biology and attitude toward science and sciencing) than those in the control group. The findings are interpreted as suggesting that living displays in the classroom serve to stimulate interest and curiosity which in turn influence attitude and achievement.     

Connecting girls and science: A feminist teacher research study of a high school prenatal testing unit

In this article, I explore how a dozen high-school sophomore girls expressed their relationship to and understanding of prenatal testing, and its possible place in their lives and in the lives of others, in the context of a short unit on prenatal testing during a semester-long course in human genetics. The data come from an assignment designed to help students bring their understanding of prenatal testing into the realm of personal choice, as well as practice applying the science of chromosomal inheritance. Difference feminism is used to develop themes evident in these girls' talk about prenatal testing. The instructional choices made were based on difference feminism, which implies that girls would be interested in science that connects to human bodies, children, and traditional women's responsibilities. This claim is elaborated on and applied by this study, in which I concentrate on the question: How can difference feminism help us better to hear and comprehend high school girls' relationships with reproductive technology, their own bodies, and their own lives? I propose that focusing on girls' lives and knowledge is a way to consider alternatives in curricular content, in addition to helping us learn how to help more girls connect with science. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 877–896, 1998.     

What high school biology teachers say about their textbook use: A descriptive study

This article reports the findings from a study that examined how high school biology teachers describe their instructional use of reading and textbooks. In the study, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected—by self-report mail questionnaire and personal interview, respectively. Eighty percent of 184 sampled teachers responded to the questionnaire, and, of these, a subsample of 16 teachers—selected to be broadly representative of the questionnaire sample—were interviewed subsequently with their instructional materials present to increase recall. We found that biology teachers modified their use of textbooks according to the academic level of the biology class that they taught. In lower academic level classes, teachers provided students with many reading activities but expected them to learn biology content in class. In higher academic level classes, teachers expected students to learn from both independent reading and classroom instruction. Biology teachers viewed both reading and inquiry activities as important to learning biology, but they appeared unsure of how to incorporate reading comprehension strategies into their science instruction.     

高中生学习生物学的兴趣调查

通过对高中生生物学学习兴趣的调查分析 ,探讨如何在教学中培养和提高学生对生物学的学习兴趣 ,以最大程度地调动学生学习的积极性 ,保证教学质量。     

Interpersonal behaviour in senior high school biology classes

This article describes the first use of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction in senior biology classes and describes students' perceptions of their interpersonal relationships with their teachers in the classroom environment. The article also describes associations between students' perceptions of interpersonal relationships with their teachers and student outcomes. The study confirmed the reliability and validity of the QTI when used in senior secondary biology classes. Generally, the dimensions of the QTI were found to be significantly associated with student attitude scores. In particular, students' attitude scores were higher in classrooms in which students perceived greater leadership, helpful/friendly, and understanding behaviours in their teachers.