Exact analysis for the identification of non-minimum phase processes

Analytical expressions are derived from a single symmetrical relay feedback test for the identification of open loop stable and unstable non-minimum phase processes. The second derivative of the limit cycle output helps in finding the time delay of the process. The derived expressions can be used to identify the process models with up to five unknowns. The effectiveness of the proposed identification method is verified through different simulation results.     

Quantum dynamics of two photons in the coherent feedback system composing of two separated resonators coupling to a waveguide

Quantum coherent feedback based on waveguide quantum electrodynamics plays important roles in quantum devices design and quantum information processing. In this paper, we study the coherent dynamics of the quantum network composed of two separated resonators coupling to a waveguide. Using the dynamical feedback equation in Markovian regime, we obtain the analytical solutions to the output states for the two photons incident from the same or different directions of the waveguide. The two- photon scattering properties are analyzed based on the analytical expressions. It is found that the output states of the two photons can be controlled well by the phase induced by the single photon propagating between the two separated resonators. The results given in this paper are helpful in designing quantum devices at few-photon level.     

A microfluidic DNA computing processor for gene expression analysis and gene drug synthesis

Boolean logic performs a logical operation on one or more logic input and produces a single logic output. Here, we describe a microfluidic DNA computing processor performing Boolean logic operations for gene expression analysis and gene drug synthesis. Multiple cancer-related genes were used as input molecules. Their expression levels were identified by interacting with the computing related DNA strands, which were designed according to the sequences of cancer-related genes and the suicide gene. When all the expressions of the cancer-related genes fit in with the diagnostic criteria, positive diagnosis would be confirmed and then a complete suicide gene (gene drug) could be synthesized as an output molecule. Microfluidic chip was employed as an effective platform to realize the computing process by integrating multistep biochemical reactions involving hybridization, displacement, denaturalization, and ligation. By combining the specific design of the computing related molecules and the integrated functions of the microfluidics, the microfluidic DNA computing processor is able to analyze the multiple gene expressions simultaneously and realize the corresponding gene drug synthesis with simplicity and fast speed, which demonstrates the potential of this platform for DNA computing in biomedical applications.     

Error analysis in fixed-point digital filters using sign-magnitude truncation

The quantization error of a digital filter employing fixed-point arithmetic with sign-magnitude truncation is analyzed. The effect of coefficient quantization is also included. Exact analyses are presented first for Gaussian, sinusoidal and Gaussian plus sinusoidal inputs. Quasi-linearization is then employed to yield a simple computation method of the output noise variance. The resulting expression contains parameters that depend on the input signal statistics. An upper bound is given that is independent of these statistics. Explicit expressions are given for the second-order sections of the digital filter realized in the D1 and D2 forms together with a general expression for the cascade connection of the second-order sections.     

P/P P不完全信息和有限理性下研发投资优劣势研究/P

摘要：在建立竞争条件下基于不完全信息和有限理性的不对称企业古诺博弈模型的过程中,提出了企业结合竞争对手的产量来调整竞争对手边际成本估计值的学习方式,推导了企业在产量调整阶段的产量和边际利润的表达式,并归纳出了在利润最大化原则下市场达到均衡状态的条件,在此基础上通过算例求解得到了存在先发优势或先发劣势时的技术溢出水平的临界值。 关键词：不完全信息;有限理性;古诺博弈模型;先发优势;先发劣势     

An optimum non-circular chainwheel design for a bicycle drive system

A new and systematic approach for the analysis and simulation of a non-circular chainwheel in a bicycle drive system is presented. The proposed leg-bicycle model is based on a five-bar linkage and explicit expressions for the kinematics and kinetics are derived. The generated shape of the chainwheel is smoothed to an ellipse, for practical reasons. The performance of this elliptical chainwheel is assessed by comparing the joint moments, leg angular accelerations, crank angular velocities, crank angular accelerations and output forces with those of a conventional circular chainwheel. The results suggest combining the elliptical and circular chainwheels into a single unit, in order to accommodate a wide range of pedalling speeds. At low speeds, the elliptical chainwheel is engaged, but as the speed increases, a switch over to the circular chainwheel is recommended.     

Finite-time boundedness of interval type-2 fuzzy systems with time delay and actuator faults

This paper is concerned with the issue of finite-time boundedness of discrete-time uncertain interval type-2 fuzzy systems with time-varying delay and external disturbances via an observer-based reliable control strategy. According to the system output variable, a full-state observer that shares the same membership functions of the plant is constructed to estimate the unknown system states. In addition, a reliable controller subject to observer states and actuator faults is designed to formulate the closed-loop feedback control system, which does not share the same membership functions of the plant. Then, by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and using the finite-time stability theory, a new set of delay-dependent sufficient conditions guaranteeing the finite-time boundedness of the addressed system is established in the framework of linear matrix inequalities. Furthermore, the explicit expressions of gain matrices of the state observer and the reliable controller are given in terms of the established sufficient conditions. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results.     

一种新的土地覆盖类别面积估计方法及其在最大似然分类法中的应用

首先根据生产者精度和使用者精度的概念，提出生产者精度和使用者精度的条件概率表达式，然后根据概率乘积公式，推导出生产者精度和使用者精度之间的关系式。该关系式表明：①使用者精度和生产者精度的比值可作为类别真实面积与分类结果中类别面积的比值的估计;②利用使用者精度和生产者精度的比值可对遥感分类结果进行修正，产生更接近于真实值的土地覆盖类别面积值，且该方法的计算结果仅取决于使用者精度和生产者精度数据的可靠性，与分类算法的优劣无关。该方法可用于最大似然分类方法中先验概率的估计。对Erdas Imagine软件所附带lanierimg文件的实验结果表明，各种分类结果包括一种对常规最大似然分类结果进行任意修改后的分类结果，利用文中提出方法修正后均产生了接近于真实值的类别面积比例。由于作为标准的精度检验方法，几乎所有的分类影像都会产生误差矩阵用于精度报告，这保证了该方法具有很好的应用价值，可以帮助土地利用/土地覆盖研究中获取更准确的土地利用/土地覆盖的面积数据。     

The feedback interconnection of lumped linear time-invariant systems

This paper considers the feedback interconnection of two multi-input multi-output subsystems characterized by rational transfer functions ₁ and functions are not assumed to be proper nor exponentially stableThe effect of output disturbances on stability is taken into account. Ten examples are given to show that instabilities may appear anywhere around the loop. Next, under a sequence of successively more restrictive assumptions, we prove four sets of necessary and sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the system. Using coprime factorizations, we obtain four equivalent expressions for the system characteristic polynomial. Two stability tests are derived, the first one is based exclusively on transfer functions, the second is based on the characteristic polynomial. The paper ends by providing translation rules for reformulating all definitions and theorems for the discrete-time case (i.e. instead of Laplace transforms use Z-transforms, etc.).     

Temporal Document Retrieval Model for business news archives

Temporal expressions occurring in business news, such as “last week” or “at the end of this month,” carry important information about the time context of the news document and were proved to be useful for document retrieval. We found that about 10% of these expressions are difficult to project onto the calendar due to the uncertainty about their bounds. This paper introduces a novel approach to representing temporal expressions. A user study is conducted to measure the degree of uncertainty for selected temporal expressions and a method for representing uncertainty based on fuzzy numbers is proposed. The classical Vector Space Model is extended to the Temporal Document Retrieval Model (TDRM) that incorporates the proposed fuzzy representations of temporal expressions.     

Immittance matrices of multiconductor transmission lines

This paper presents the formulations of the immittance matrices of multiconductor transmission lines. Firstly, the multiple-reflection expressions of the line voltages and currents are reviewed: then, the general expressions of the port impedance and admittance matrices are established. Finally, as an illustrative example, the immittance matrices of a coupled strip line consisting of two nonidentical conductors are found.     

关于日语中因果关系的表达方式的分析

日语里面表达因果关系的方式很丰富。这些表达方式相互间既存在着共同点,也存在不同之处。本文就因果关系表达方式的类型及区别进行了归纳和分析。     

关于日语中因果关系的表达方式的分析

日语里面表达因果关系的方式很丰富。这些表达方式相互间既存在着共同点,也存在不同之处。本文就因果关系表达方式的类型及区别进行了归纳和分析。     

8mm大功率输出窗的模拟分析

输出窗是高功率回旋管的关键部件之一。它的好坏直接影响回旋管的性能,甚至整管研制的成败。如果窗片的反射升高,在高功率情况下返回到高频系统的功率将显著上升,引起在高频系统中自激振荡,从而降低回旋管的高频输出功率和模式纯度,乃至于使回旋管不能正常稳定工作。由于窗片介质损耗因子的存在,当微波通过输出窗时会在窗片中产生高频介质损...     

A full mean-square analysis of CNSAF algorithm for noncircular inputs

A full performance analysis of complex normalized subband adaptive filter (CNSAF) algorithm will provide guidelines for designing the adaptive filter. However, because of the noncircular characteristic of complex-value signal, the complementary mean-square performance analysis of the CNSAF algorithm has not been presented in the literature. In order to give the detailed theoretical expressions of the CNSAF algorithm, the present study first analyzes the mean-square deviation (MSD) with the energy-conservation method, and then the complementary mean-square derivation (CMSD) behavior is given using pseudo-energy-conservation method. Analytical expressions are obtained for the transient MSD and CMSD of the CNSAF algorithm. Also, the steady-state MSD and CMSD are predicted based on the closed-form expressions. Besides, the analysis results are not constrained by the distribution of input signals. Finally, simulation results obtained for diffferent inputs present a good consistence with the analytical results.     

Scaled consensus of multi-agent systems with output saturation

This paper studies a scaled consensus problem with output saturation in the sense that the states of agents reach assigned proportions rather than a common consensus value. Specifically, we investigate single-integrator agents with output saturation under both undirected and strongly connected graphs. Some conditions for single-integrator agents with output saturation are illustrated. The main contribution is that by employing an integral Lyapunov function, a necessary and sufficient condition is first obtained to reach scaled consensus among agents with output saturation. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the scaled consensus.     

Bayesian and frequentist estimation of the performance of free space optical channels under weak turbulence conditions

Approximate mathematical form expressions were derived for the estimation of the average (ergodic) capacity and the average bit error rate of a log-normal free space optical channel in the cases of weak to moderate atmospheric turbulence conditions. We investigate the average capacity, the average bit error rate and the outage probability of free space optical communication channels using the frequentist and the Bayesian approach. Emphasis is given on the cases of weak to moderate atmospheric turbulence leading to channels modeled by log-normal distributed intensity fading. Furthermore, accurate approximate closed-form expressions and estimation procedures for their achievable capacity as well as their bit error rate and the important parameters of interest are derived. The derived approximate analytical expressions are verified by various numerical examples and simulations. Moreover, each methodology is reviewed in terms of their analytic convenience and their accuracy is also discussed.     

中国省际煤炭资源流动的集中程度与位序-规模变化

本文首先运用基尼系数研究我国1985-2010年省际煤炭资源流动集中程度的变化,结论显示：1985-2010年我国煤炭资源的输出和输入都稍有分散,但煤炭输出相对于输入较集中,从各个年份上看,这与我国煤炭资源生产区和消费区分布不平衡的情形是一致的。然后,运用齐夫定律,进一步探讨其位序-规模分布规律,结论显示：各时点煤炭资源流动的位序-规模分布均满足齐夫法则。煤炭资源输出的均衡程度略有增大,规模分布形态是单分形,齐夫参数q值始终大于1且逐年减小,说明煤炭资源输出体系整体规模差异正在减小,规模分布逐渐均衡,无标度区向西北部地区移动。煤炭资源输入的均衡程度也略有增大,但规模分布形态由双分形演化为单分形,之后,q值逐渐减小,表明高位序节点发展缓慢,中低位序节点较为发育,规模分布逐渐均衡,无标度区向东南地区移动。这种变化主要与各地煤矿煤炭资源情况、煤炭流通体制、经济水平、产业结构有关。     

Collaborative filtering with facial expressions for online video recommendation

Online video recommender systems help users find videos suitable for their preferences. However, they have difficulty in identifying dynamic user preferences. In this study, we propose a new recommendation procedure using changes of users’ facial expressions captured every moment. Facial expressions portray the users’ actual emotions about videos. We can utilize them to discover dynamic user preferences. Further, because the proposed procedure does not rely on historical rating or purchase records, it properly addresses the new user problem, that is, the difficulty in recommending products to users whose past rating or purchase records are not available. To validate the recommendation procedure, we conducted experiments with footwear commercial videos. Experiment results show that the proposed procedure outperforms benchmark systems including a random recommendation, an average rating approach, and a typical collaborative filtering approach for recommendation to both new and existing users. From the results, we conclude that facial expressions are a viable element in recommendation.