借鉴PISA2003对学习态度和方法的测量

国际学生评估项目（Programme for International Student Assessment）由经济合作发展组织于2000年第一次在其成员国开展，每3年进行一次，评估工业化国家15岁儿童的知识和技能素养，其中涉及阅读、数学、科学以及综合学习能力。PISA2000主要针对阅读素养进行了评价；PISA2003主要评估学生的数学能力。     

PISA给我们提供什么借鉴

提倡“为生活而学习”。PISA（即国际学生评估项目）所评价的“素养”是学生在多大程度上能将学到的东西推及其他,以及用学到的知识和技能解决各种背景中的实际问题。是一项前瞻性的测试。PISA关注学生终身学习能力,包括具备知识技能基础、学习的内在动力以及自主学习的能力。     

PISA“官方立场”及政策意蕴——基于扎根理论的文本探究

PISA的官方报告渗透着其"官方立场",体现了PISA的政策目的。以"PISA官方报告到底要告诉我们什么"为研究问题,以OECD发布的PISA研究报告为资料来源,用建构扎根理论的方式对105篇专题简报进行文本探究。在此基础上揭示出PISA"官方立场"的公平导向、竞争导向和学习中心导向,进一步发现PISA的政策意蕴:OECD通过大规模测评来建立全球教育的标准,用卓越教育系统的特征来树立全球教育体系的标杆,基于研究报告的数据解释力来影响全球教育治理。     

论教育政策制定者个人因素对政策制定的影响

无论影响教育政策制定的社会因素多么复杂、组织因素的关系多么重大，归根结底，教育政策还是得由人来制定。因此，政策制定者的个人因素对教育政策的制定起着非常直接的作用。本文将着重探讨政策制定者个人因素中的情感、能力及个人利益对教育政策制定的影响。一、政策制定者的情感因素对政策制订的影响政策制定是一种行政上的理智行为，“人非草木，孰能无情”，因此，政策的制定过程受到制定者对人、对事、对物等诸多情感因素的影响。１．情感的方向性对政策制定的影响在世界各国的发展过程中，都避免不了教育政策问题的产生，因此，也就…     

地方化：信息技术课程发展的政策保障

在全国中小学力争信息技术普遍开课的同时，各地区信息技术课程发展的不平衡性也日益突出。面对这种情况，适应社会经济，文化的差异，学生能力、水平的多层次性，实行课程地方化，成为信息技术课程政策发展的新思路。     

论国际因素对中国建国后对外政策的影响

50年来,中国对外政策经历了从不稳定到稳定,逐步走向成熟的调整变化过程,经历了三个阶段。(一)1949—1969年,“倒向”苏联;(二)1969—1982年,“倒向”美国;(三)1982年至今,多边外交。中国的对外政策之所以出现明显的起伏变化,除去国内因素外,国际因素起到了重要的决定性作用。其中,国际格局对中国对外政策的变化起了制约性的影响,周边环境起了直接性的影响,中国被迫参加的局部战争起了关键性影响。     

PISA报告表明澳大利亚青少年在解决问题时更加深思熟虑

正据澳大利亚教育研究理事会网站(acer.edu.au)2014年9月24日报道,近日,澳大利亚教育研究理事会(ACER)公布了一份国际学生评估项目(PISA)报告。报告表明,澳大利亚15岁的孩子与一些在PISA测试中获得较高成绩的国家的同龄人相比,更乐于坚持解决具有挑战性的问题,并且在解决创造性问题时更加深思熟虑。同时,报告呼吁对澳大利亚每个州和地区的具体情况和差异进行更加细致地     

政策借鉴与传播：构建比较政策学的核心研究领域

本文主要以概览的视角回顾了在教育政策借鉴与传播（policy borrowing and lending）研究中的主要议题和趋势。政策借鉴与传播是一个在学术上依托于比较教育学和公共政策学的研究领域。在比较教育学中,针对“旅行式改革”（travelling reforms）、全球化教育政策的探索是一个经久不衰的研究课题。本文主要描述了政策借鉴与传播研究领域的历史,并讨论了四个新的研究趋势：第一,由双边框架向国际标准框架的转变;第二,学者们开始关注各国系统与个案背后的逻辑;第三,政策图景（policyscapes）概念对研究方法论的启示;第四,政策映射研究,即借鉴他国教育政策时的本土解读。     

知识、能力与态度并重——PISA2006科学素养评估框架出台

2006年9月28日，经济合作与发展组织（OECD）发布了国际学生评价项目（PISA）2006的评估框架。从中可以看出，PISA2006的重点是对科学素养的评估。在对科学素养的评估中，不仅强调科学知识的掌握，而且强调对科学态度的评价。[编按]     

PISA2018阅读素养测试内容变化与对我国语文阅读教学的借鉴

PISA2018阅读素养测试内容变化为在定义中增加"评价"元素,删除"纸质"文本限定词;测试维度调整为阅读情境、阅读文本、阅读策略.其中阅读文本包括文本单位、文本结构和导航、文本形式和文本类型;阅读策略涵盖文本处理策略、任务管理策略两个方面.首次从文本单位来规定试题分布比例,单文本占65%,多文本占35%.由这些变化得出对我国语文阅读教学可借鉴之处包括重视自主评价,关注高阶阅读;重视数字阅读,开展多层次阅读;重视多文本阅读,推行群文阅读教学.     

基于PISA测试结果的教育政策调整分析

PISA测试结果是影响参加国或地区调整教育政策的重要因素之一。这些影响主要包括公众对教育质量的关注及其形成的舆论压力,表现优异的参加国或地区可借鉴的成功经验等。研究发现,基于PISA测试结果的教育政策调整类型主要有四种:政策深化型、政策变革型、政策调适型和政策效仿型。     

Seeing education with one's own eyes and through PISA lenses: considerations of the reception of PISA in European countries

The paper addresses the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) as a public policy instrument, whose worldwide circulation is mediated by processes of reinterpretation, negotiation, and re-contextualization, where national, local, and international agencies intertwine. It is focused on the active reception of PISA in six European spaces (Francophone Belgium, France, Hungary, Portugal, Romania, and Scotland) along its first three cycles. The paper identifies two contrasting developments: the Program's divergent uses and its attractiveness in different social worlds. The paper gives particular attention to what is called the ‘update of reference societies’ in the context of national receptions of PISA. These ‘updates’ are analyzed as part of a composite process that involves domestic reasons, either related to current agendas for education or to deep historical factors, and injunctions related to PISA's rationale and PISA objects.     

当前中国教育政策问题的媒介话语空间

以《中国教育报》、《中国青年报》和"搜狐网站教育论坛"三家媒体关于"教育乱收费"及治理政策的报道为案例,对政策议题在媒介中展现的话语形态进行框架分析,发现教育政策相关群体的媒介分布格局及接近权呈现出差异;不同类型媒介反映教育政策议题时的话语特征存在着系统性修辞基调差异;政策动员、政策论辩与诉求表达三种话语形态分别在平面媒介与网络媒介中得以展现。教育政策的媒介话语空间呈现出多元性,在成为政策信息传播通道的同时,也在一定程度上构成了公共意见领域。政策话语与媒介话语的沟通及网络进入媒介后的影响,尚待深入探讨。     

Discourse Analysis of News Coverage in Print and Electronic Media

This paper explores news coverage in two media: print and electronic. The discourse analysis represents differences in general structure,images attached,and texts of specific print and electronic media.     

Experience and Challenge of Basic Education Development in China: Reflections on PISA 2018 Results

The outstanding performance of students in four Chinese provinces and municipalities in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 is inextricably linked to local resource support, excellent education traditions, and ongoing curriculum and teaching reform. However, deepening education reform requires attention to existing challenges, including large inter school gaps, the shortage of teachers in urban and rural areas, as well as students’ heavy schoolwork burden and low level of well-being. Therefore, several policy suggestions are proposed accordingly: gaining insight into and developing higher quality and fairer education, pursuing effective actions of education reform, and exploring innovative pathways to address educational problems.     

媒介“二元”政策的实施及其意义

中国媒介体制改革的探索,是在“事业单位,企业化管理”这一“二元”政策的保护下,以“行政整合”的方式开始的。“二元”政策的施行和“行政整合”管理体制的建立,是中国媒介渐进改革过程中的一个重要步骤和阶段,是缺乏市场经历的中国媒介,由计划经济管理体制向市场经济管理体制逐步过渡的必由之路。“行政整合”是一种过渡性的管理体制,其意义就在于它的过渡性。“行政整合”这种折衷式制度的历史使命,是要让它自己所催生的“市场”最终成为自己的掘墓人,使媒介通过以市场为导向,以资本和产权为纽带,以控股为手段,以联合兼并为基础的“市场整合”,建立真正意义上的企业化管理体制。     

英语指示代词this和that的语篇照应用法探讨

指示代词照应是语篇中常见的衔接手段。本文拟运用Halliday和Hasan(1976）语篇衔接理论中的照应理论，来探讨作为中心词（head）的指示代词this和that在语篇中的照应用法和选择原则。     

Competitive comparison and PISA bragging rights: sub-national uses of the OECD's PISA in Canada and the USA

Participation in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) has continuously expanded: from 43 systems in 2000 to 65 systems in the 2012 cycle, with 71 signed up for PISA 2015. There also has been a growth in sub-national participation, expanding PISA's reach beyond the nation-state. This paper explores sub-national PISA participation in Canada and the USA, asking how PISA is being used within sub-national education policy spaces. We draw on analysis of documents and data from interviews with officials at sub-national, national, and international levels. Findings illustrate some of the diverse motivations and uses of PISA, providing insights into the effects of PISA at the sub-national scale. As such, we argue that competitive comparison in education has deepened through the enhanced granularity of international large-scale assessment data to new scales beyond the nation-state.     

Lessons Learned from PISA: A Systematic Review of Peer-Reviewed Articles on the Programme for International Student Assessment

International large-scale assessments are on the rise, with the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) seen by many as having strategic prominence in education policy debates. The present article reviews PISA-related English-language peer-reviewed articles from the programme’s first cycle in 2000 to its most current in 2015. Five literature bases were searched, and results were analysed with SPSS. Results map the frequency of publications according to journal, country, and scientific discipline. They also summarise major themes within three identified categories: secondary analysis, policy impact, and critiques. Findings indicated that studies based on the PISA dataset has led to progress in educational research while simultaneously pointing to the need for caution when using this research to inform educational policy.     

The politics of PISA: The media,policy and public responses in Norway and England

Using the PISA 2015 releases in Norway and England, this article explores how PISA has been presented in the media and how the policy level has responded to the results. England will be used as an example for comparison. The article presents early media responses from the 20 most circulated daily newspapers in the two countries and discusses them in relation both to the national PISA reports in Norway and England, as well as the international report of the OECD. The media responses are further interpreted in light of previous research in both countries, with a particular focus upon Norway, where previous Ministers of Education have been interviewed about assessment policy and education reforms.