聪明的移动者:手机与新闻摄影

数字化的影像采集、处理、传播和接收过程给新闻摄影带来革命性的变化。近年来,世界新闻摄影领域图片采集过程越来越平民化。非专业的市民摄影记者的出现对专业新闻摄影工作者形成冲击;先前由传媒专业人士控制的话语格局被打破;手机在促进网络移动化的同时,使传受实现合一;而网络和手机屏幕式阅读方式正悄然改变着新闻图片的编辑、呈现和观看规律,进而使新闻摄影本身发生改变。     

拜经楼主人吴骞的编辑刻书活动

主要记述清中叶东南著名藏书家、文献学家、拜经楼主人吴骞在收藏、整理古籍、刻书活动中留下的业绩,说明历史上大编辑出版家都是著述丰富的学者.     

Closing the Gap Between Photojournalist Research and Photojournalism Practice: Exploring the Motivations of the Subjects of Sensitive Photo Essays

This study is the first to inquire about the factors that influence people’s willingness to allow professional photojournalists to tell their stories through the medium of the photo essay. Guided by Self-Disclosure Theory, in-depth interviews were conducted with the subjects of 15 peer-judged award-winning photo essays. These were drawn from the multiple picture categories of the National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) Monthly Clip Contest, the annual NPPA Best of Photojournalism Contest, and the annual World Press Photo Contest between 2013 and 2017. The topics of the photo essays were sensitive in nature. Analysis reveals support and appreciation amongst photo-essay subjects for the profession of photojournalism. Motivations derived from the sensitivity and professionalism with which each interviewee was initially approached, a need to tell a different side of the story, a desire to inspire others or invoke change, and the memory-keeping and permanence afforded through published professional photojournalism.     

作为报道工具的新闻摄影：从荷赛数字叙事竞赛(2011-2018)看新闻摄影的变革

新闻业在数字转型过程中不断更迭自我定位,新闻摄影亦于其中寻求自身突破,其专业和规范都在变革之中发展完善。透过荷赛数字叙事类竞赛所建构的专业话语可观察到,内容形态的跨媒介表达和团队职能的多重分工是评审端和表达端站在各自功能主义立场对"数字叙事"这一概念作出的解读;清晰而有节奏感的故事脉络与各类媒介元素的有机结合已构成优秀数字叙事作品的必要条件;技术、创意与成本投入等方面的剧变并不能掩盖视觉故事与静态影像的恒久价值。     

Avoiding versus seeking: the relationship of information seeking to avoidance, blunting, coping, dissonance, and related concepts.

QUESTION: How have theorists and empirical researchers treated the human tendency to avoid discomforting information? DATA SOURCES: A historical review (1890-2004) of theory literature in communication and information studies, coupled with searches of recent studies on uptake of genetic testing and on coping strategies of cancer patients, was performed. STUDY SELECTION: The authors' review of the recent literature included searches of the MEDLINE, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases between 1992 and summer of 2004 and selective, manual searches of earlier literature. Search strategies included the following subject headings and key words: MeSH headings: Genetic Screening/psychology, Decision Making, Neoplasms/diagnosis/genetics/psychology; CINAHL headings: Genetic Screening, Genetic Counseling, Anxiety, Decision Making, Decision Making/Patient; additional key words: avoidance, worry, monitoring, blunting, cancer. The "Related Articles" function in MEDLINE was used to perform additional "citation pearl" searching. MAIN RESULTS: The assumption that individuals actively seek information underlies much of psychological theory and communication practice, as well as most models of the information-seeking process. However, much research has also noted that sometimes people avoid information, if paying attention to it will cause mental discomfort or dissonance. Cancer information in general and genetic screening for cancer in particular are discussed as examples to illustrate this pattern. CONCLUSION: That some patients avoid knowledge of imminent disease makes avoidance behavior an important area for social and psychological research, particularly with regard to genetic testing.     

Measuring routine and strategic relational maintenance: Scale revision,sex versus gender roles,and the prediction of relational characteristics

In the present study, we incorporate both routine and strategic maintenance behaviors in an expanded maintenance scale. In addition, we seek to determine whether sex or gender role is a stronger predictor of maintenance behaviors, and to ascertain the extent to which maintenance predicts the relational characteristics of satisfaction, commitment, liking, and control mutuality. Data were collected from 520 married individuals. Through factor analysis, 7 maintenance items reflecting both routine and strategic enactment were identified: advice, assurances, conflict management, openness, positivity, sharing tasks, and social networks. Multiple regressions revealed that the gender role construct of femininity was the primary predictor of all 7 of these behaviors. Biological sex was a weak predictor of 2 maintenance behaviors, and was not present in the other 5 regression equations. Finally, in accordance with previous research, the use of assurances was a consistent and strong predictor of relational characteristics.     

The Medical Library Association's Master Guide to Authoritative Information Resources in the Health Sciences. Thompson,Laurie L., ed.; Higa,Mori Lou,Carrigan, Esther,and Tobia,Rajia, Assoc. eds.

The Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Practice Database offers systematic reviews, practice recommendations, and consumer information designed to support evidence-based practice. A sample search was conducted within the Ovid platform to demonstrate functionality and available tools.     

王闿运阅读旨趣探微——以《湘绮楼诗文集·王志卷》为例

王闽运是晚清民初著名经学家、文学家.阅读、笺注、著书融贯其一生,经学与诗文独树一帜.文章从“通经致用”的阅读社会论、“为学当治经”的阅读教育论、“治经必先习礼”的阅读方法论、“经史之分”的阅读比较论四个方面探讨了王闿运关于读经、治经、通经的经典阅读旨趣,期冀对王闿运学术思想以及经典阅读研究有所启发.     

Disposition versus situation: Neurocommunlcology and the influence of trait apprehension versus situational factors on state public speaking anxiety

Research indicates that individuals with elevated levels of public speaking anxiety report significantly different mental representations of the public speaking context, when compared to individuals with lower levels of anxiety. To examine the effect of the differences in mental representations, narratives for three public speaking contexts were developed. Results indicated that disposition (i.e., trait apprehension) was a better predictor of state anxiety when giving an impromptu speech. Situational factors (i.e., importance, skills, impression), however, were better predictors of state anxiety when either giving a speech to a 5^th grade class or giving a speech to friends.     

当代民间古籍收藏与保护的重要收获——读罗鹭编《采山楼藏稀见清人别集丛刊》

罗鹭编《采山楼藏稀见清人别集丛刊》收录了其个人所藏稀见清人别集20种,每种均撰有解题.较之近若干年出版的一些清人著作,《丛刊》是一部"小书";然基于其全部的藏书活动,衡其藏书实绩、究其藏书思想、察其藏书意义,《丛刊》又实为一部"大书".《丛刊》是当代民间古籍收藏与保护的重要收获,必将在藏书史上写下浓墨重彩的一笔.     

Bridging strategy versus buffering strategy: enhancing crisis management capability in public management for relational and reputational improvement,and conflict avoidance

This study seeks to understand the effectiveness of an organization’s communication strategy in enhancing its crisis management capability in public management. The relationships between two types of communication strategies (bridging and buffering), crisis management capability in public management, relational improvement, reputational improvement, and conflict avoidance have been tested to suggest how an organization’s overall strategic orientation may help its ability to weather a crisis. A survey of communication managers was conducted in South Korea with 105 responses, representing 105 organizations. Results revealed that organizations which are predisposed toward adopting the bridging strategy as their main communication strategy also report better crisis management capability in public management, and as a result, experience positive relational and reputational outcomes.     

Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Managing Government Document Collections in a Digital World

An Oregon State University Libraries (OSUL) study group's review of its current policies, practices, and costs provides an illustrative case study of the challenges in managing government documents during this period of transition from print to digital. In its exploration of more aggressive approaches to greatly increasing access to electronic collections and reducing the size of the print footprint, OSUL learned that the current requirements of the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) hamper such efforts. This case study provides background on prior internal studies, OSUL's participation in a shared housing agreement, statistics on size and current usage of its government documents, and the costs to receive, process, and provide access to its document collection. It concludes with the recommendations for OSUL to be as proactive as it can be under the current FDLP rules and regulations while bringing projected costs to manage government documents more in line with higher priorities.     

Project- versus lecture-based courses: Assessing the role of course structure on perceived utility,anxiety, academic performance,and satisfaction in the undergraduate research methods course

Previous research suggests that undergraduate research methods students doubt the utility of course content and experience math and research anxiety. Research also suggests involving students in hands-on, applied research activities, although empirical data on the scope and nature of these activities are lacking. This study compared academic performance, research methods anxiety, perceived utility of research methods, and course satisfaction across students in a large lecture-based course and a smaller project-based course. Results show minimal differences in student outcomes between the courses. Limitations are discussed, as is the ideal scope of project-based learning in the undergraduate mass media research methods course.