俄罗斯高等教育最新发展趋势

尽管俄罗斯社会经历了苏联解体以后艰难的转型期,但是俄罗斯高等教育的质量,凭借着教育强国雄厚的基础,并没有因此走下坡路,而是努力适应社会发展,探索着走向创新发展之路。如莫斯科国立大学以及俄罗斯最古老的圣彼得堡大学,都依旧是国际知名的高校。有些专业教学、科研仍具有较高水平或领先于欧美国家,或与其并驾齐驱,居世界一流水平。当然,俄罗斯的高等教育在本国的政治经济体制变革和世界教育一体化的进程中也发生了新的变化,迎接着新的挑战。     

研究型大学建设:拉美与亚洲国家高等教育政策取向

通过高等教育全面提高国家的综合国力和国际竞争力是目前许多发达国家和经济发展速度较快的发展中国家的既定国策。因此最近十几年来,建设研究型大学的热潮在世界范围内兴起。亚洲和拉美的许多国家也纷纷对本国的高等教育进行反思和改革,试图在新一轮的国际秩序整合中打破美国研究型大学在知识创新的主导地位。本文试图对韩国、日本、印度、阿根廷、巴西和墨西哥等国的研究型大学建设状况和改革思路进行分析,发现他们在建设研究型大学过程中遇到的问题,通过对比,发现他们在研究型大学建设中采取的策略与措施。     

中美高校教育制度比较三题

知识经济是当今世界经济发展的主题,创新力则是其中最为关键的一环。决定创新力的重要因素在于高等教育制度,而我国的相关政策在激励创新方面效果并不理想。通过对中美学术成果产业化、交叉学科及研究型大学的制度建设进行比照和探讨,在展示了美国高等教育对学生创新能力的激励的同时,指出了我国高等教育在培养学生创新能力方面存在的缺陷,为我国高等教育制度的改革提供一些借鉴。     

Academic quality,league tables,and public policy: A cross-national analysis of university ranking systems

The global expansion of access to higher education has increased demand for information on academic quality and has led to the development of university ranking systems or league tables in many countries of the world. A recent UNESCO/CEPES conference on higher education indicators concluded that cross-national research on these ranking systems could make an important contribution to improving the international market for higher education. The comparison and analysis of national university ranking systems can help address a number of important policy questions. First, is there an emerging international consensus on the measurement of academic quality as reflected in these ranking systems? Second, what impact are the different ranking systems having on university and academic behavior in their respective countries? Finally, are there important public interests that are thus far not reflected in these rankings? If so, is there a needed and appropriate role for public policy in the development and distribution of university ranking systems and what might that role be? This paper explores these questions through a comparative analysis of university rankings in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US.     

比较教育与国际教育交流论坛

前些年大家都在讨论比较教育学科的身份危机,然而近年来世界各国,特别是发展中国家比较教育学科的发展依然繁荣,其生命力何在?笔者重申了作为比较教育方法论框架的国际教育交流论坛这一观点的重要性,认为随着知识经济的发展以及世界的多极化和经济体的多元化发展,今天世界各国的教育更需要在真诚沟通的前提下,在教育理论、观念、价值、制度、政策和实践领域互相交流,在具有跨文化性、发展性和预测性的国际性课题中相互合作。由此可见,把比较教育作为国际教育交流论坛,就可以摆脱比较教育学科身份危机的困境,开拓比较教育研究新的广阔天地。     

Knowledge Society,Education and Aid

The paper describes the salient features of the emerging knowledge society, its relationship with education, the role of the international organisations in knowledge development and knowledge management, and specifically the need for knowledge-based aid policies. The paper argues that development of strong education systems, including specifically higher education and research systems, is a necessary prerequisite for development of a knowledge society. International aid organisations have been active in the development of education directly, and thereby in knowledge development indirectly in developing countries. Some organisations have also initiated efforts that aim at knowledge development and management directly. But the approaches of international organisations for knowledge development and management need to be modified to suit the divergent dynamic socio-economic conditions and national policies. Also based on the principle of comparative advantage, it can be suggested that knowledge development should be the main responsibility of governments in developing countries, while knowledge management could be the task of the international aid organisations.     

中外历史教育的纵横比较及思考

历史教育关系到一个民族的＂综合国力＂和＂公民意识＂。在激烈的经济竞争和综合国力竞争的时代，仍应重视历史教育的社会价值和教育价值的研究、美国、日本等发达国家中学历史教育的特点是：课程设置稳定、教学时间长、重视本国史和科技文化史的学习、注重历史教育同国情教育的有机结合。我们应从中得到启示，借鉴之所长。本文在历史教育研究和国情教育的教学方面提出了改进建议。     

普通高校国防教育的科学发展观构建

要破解普通高校国防教育面临的问题,必须以科学发展观为指导,认识到普通高校国防教育是国防建设的重要组成部分,发展普通高校国防教育就是增强国防实力.因此,普通高校国防教育的第一要义是发展;以人为本是高校国防教育发展的核心,不仅要把大学生的全面发展作为国防教育改革与发展的目标,还要充分认识到广大国防教育教师在国防教育事业中的...     

高等职业教育创新的三个要件

高职教育是我国经济结构调整的必然产物,把教育放到治国兴邦的战略高度上来认识,实现教育创新已成为世界性的发展趋势。高等职业教育,从创建伊始就明显带有教育创新色彩,具有紧贴市场、服务经济的特色教育属性。为此,必须开创高职教育的新理念,坚持开放性、多样化的办学思想,强化高职教育的教学特色,在教育创新中突出高职教育的优势。     

高职生核心价值观教育模式探析——以浙江广厦建设职业技术学院为例

自党的十七大报告提出＂建设社会主义核心价值体系＂之后,学术界掀起研究热潮。而对高职生核心价值观教育的诸多问题,如践行模式及模式践行等,却很少涉及。浙江广厦建设职业技术学院遵循＂一个中心,两个基本点＂的原则,即＂以育人为中心＂,以＂以技能立身＂和＂靠素质发展＂为两个基本点,构成了自己的高职生核心价值观教育的践行模式。其中,主要抓了形成全院以育人为中心格局、对学生进行树立产业报国理想教育、对新生进行以＂思想四对照＂为主题感恩教育活动和全力推进校园文化建设等4个方面的工作。     

政产学合作开展工程实践教育的探讨

政产学合作是开展学生工程实践教育的必由之路．是提高学生实践创新能力和就业竞争力的客观需要,是适应高校和企业发展需要,培养学生综合素质的必然要求,是发达国家工程教育改革和工程应用型人才培养的成功经验。当前政产学合作教育中存在着政、产、学三方“缺位”现象。政府要进一步加强对政产学合作教育的宏观调控和政策扶持,高校要不断探索和创新政产学合作开展工程实践教育的途径和方法,企业要主动加强与高校的“联姻”与合作,从而进一步推进政产学合作开展工程实践教育。     

前苏东国家私立高等教育概述——以俄罗斯、匈牙利、波兰、捷克、罗马尼亚为个案

20世纪80年代末,在前苏东大地上,政治转型拉开了私立高等教育兴起的序幕。本文选取了五个具有代表意义的国家——俄罗斯、匈牙利、波兰、捷克、罗马尼亚,对前苏东国家的私立高等教育作一概述。不平衡发展是前苏东国家私立高等教育的显著特点,但在科类结构、层次结构、地区结构以及师资结构上,后起的私立高等教育大同小异。就发展前景而言,前苏东国家私立高等教育都面临着来自公立高等教育的挤压和人口减少的危机,而政府决策是制约私立高等教育发展的另一个重要因素。     

Globalization or Glocalization? Higher Education Reforms in Singapore

Globalization and the evolution of the knowledge‐based economy have caused dramatic changes to the character and functions of higher education in most countries around the world. However, the impacts of globalization on universities are not uniform though business‐like practices have been adopted to cope with competition in the global marketplace. The pressure for restructuring and reforming higher education is mainly derived from growing expectations and demands of different stakeholders in society. In recent years, widespread concerns over widened access, funding, accountability, quality, and managerial efficiency are perceived as the prominent global trends related to university education. Because of the divergent political, social, economic, cultural and historical backgrounds, national/local governments may adopt similar strategies in response to pressures generated from globalization. Nonetheless, through a close scrutiny of the ways that national policies are made, we may find that governments around the globe, particularly in East Asia, have tried to make use of the globalization discourse to address/justify the local policy/political agendas. This paper aims to examine the latest higher education reform initiatives proposed by the Singapore Government, with particular reference to reflect upon how the Singapore Government reforms its university systems in the context of globalization. It is argued that the latest comprehensive review of public university governance and funding brings about a changing role of the government in the regulation, finance and provision of higher education in Singapore and eventually alters the state‐university relationship.     

学科建设与研究生教育

学科建设与研究生教育是高等学校发展的重要支撑,认识两者间的内在联系并构建其协调共进的激励机制是大学办学成功与否的关键。建设高水平的学科需具备以下最基本的条件:高水平的学科带头人、稳定的前沿研究方向、可持续的发展规划、充裕的科研经费、结构优化的学术梯队。学科环境不仅决定了该学科的发展水平,而且在很大程度上也决定了这个学科所能承载的教育层次和水平。学科环境的特色决定了研究生的培养模式及专业素质,研究生成长于特色的学科环境中。研究生教育是学科成长及其功能实施的重要途径。研究生是科学研究的重要力量,研究生教育质量是学科建设成败的指示计,研究生教育是完善学科建设社会服务功能的重要途径。     

国际教育援助及其对世界教育发展的影响

国际教育援助是国际间援助方对受援方在教育领域所提供的贷款、无偿赠款及专业技术资源的一种援助形式。根据其资金来源,国际教育援助可划分为多边教育援助、双边教育援助和非政府组织教育援助。国际教育援助改善了发展中国家的教育条件,促进了国际教育合作与交流,对世界教育发展做出了积极贡献。随着国际形势的变化,国际教育援助也有了新的发展,特别是更加重视援助的效果、援助的协调和援助的软件建设,更多地采取部门援助、计划援助,更加强调独立第三方机构的参与。     

澳大利亚现代职业教育体系研究

澳大利亚是世界上职业教育最成功的国家之一,有很多值得借鉴的经验。通过对澳大利亚职业教育在整个国家教育体系中横向与纵向的定位,以及它与普通教育之间的衔接与转换,来探讨澳大利亚职业教育体系的特征。     

Technology Training for Teacher Education in Jamaica

Abstract

The major challenges facing education systems in the information age include issues of how to prepare for and capitalize on the technological revolution and how to integrate computer technology into the curriculum. Jamaica, like most developing countries, is taking on these challenges with perhaps as much focus and increased importance as any developed country such as the United States. This paper explores the approach taken, particularly with teacher educators in Jamaican colleges, to begin the process by an assessment of the computer-related professional development needs of the college faculty. The paper makes recommendations for developing a technology training program based on the needs assessment. Underlying these issues is the necessity for a national policy to coordinate the country's efforts to integrate information technology into teacher education. Additional recommendations intended to provide guidance for the formulation of such an integrated policy development and implementation framework are offered.     

新中国高等教育发展回顾与反思

近60年来,在党的领导下,我国高等教育在经济落后、文化教育很不发达的基础上,在探索中不断改革,办学规模明显扩大,办学条件逐步改善,办学质量稳步提高,不仅在规模、条件、实力、质量等方面实现了跨越式发展,而且在人才培养、科学研究、文化创新与和谐社会建设方面扮演了日益重要的角色。60年来,高等教育与祖国共命运、与时代共进步,经历了学习苏联、＂革命化＂、面向世界、跨越式发展、科学发展五个发展时期。     

Unifying Higher Education for Different Kinds of Europeans. Higher Education and Work: A comparison of ten countries

This article discusses the European Union's ongoing campaign to create a common European Higher Education Area against a set of comparative results on the current state of university education within the envisioned area. Our data on 25,000 university graduates from ten European countries reveal both similarities and differences between these countries in the relationships between education and the world of work, degree structures, actual study duration, quality of education, and student mobility. Our results show that university education is interwoven with various social, cultural and economic factors. There are various national peculiarities that have evolved over decades in response to the problems thrown up by the expansion of higher education. Therefore, in order to be successful, pan-European higher education policy has to take into account the constant functional and institutional diversification of 'mass higher education' as well as the persistent cultural differences and regional inequality within Europe.     

世界高等教育海外分校发展现状研究

海外分校作为跨国办学的兴盛形式,以建立海外校园,输出本国教育的办学形式让更多的人有机会在输入国所在地接受更加优秀的高等教育。在其发展过程中,美国始终在输出国中占有主导地位,输入国则以中东地区居多。在经济利益的驱动下,更多的发展中国家也开始纷纷输出本国教育。