Participatory Communication with Social Media

Abstract Major museums worldwide are starting to use social media such as blogs, podcasts and content shares to engage users via participatory communication. This marks a shift in how museums publicly communicate their role as custodians of cultural content and so presents debate around an institution's attitude towards cultural authority. It also signifies a new possible direction for museum learning. This article reports on a range of initiatives that demonstrate how participatory communication via social media can be integrated into museum practices. It argues that the social media space presents an ideal opportunity for museums to build online communities of interest around authentic cultural information, and concludes with some recent findings on and recommendations for social media implementation.     

Learning bodies: Sensory experience in the information commons

Despite the digital shift, university libraries have grown in importance as places where students come to learn. Interest in designing better spaces has led to a flowering of user experience studies. Such research into how students use library space could usefully be informed by the theory of embodied cognition, which emphasises the role of the body in thinking and learning. This study explores students' embodied experience of an information commons building. Data were gathered from participatory walking interviews, where students were asked to give the interviewer a guided tour of the building. Findings revealed the way that particular combinations of sensory experience contributed to particular forms of learning. Very small movements or choices seem to reconfigure space significantly. This research also draws attention to the way that different learning atmospheres are actively constructed. The findings contribute a new perspective on inquiry into the use of library space. The potential implication for libraries is the need for more fine grained analysis of use experience from a sensory perspective and for teachers and learners to more explicitly reflect on the role of the body in learning.     

Library Learning Spaces: Investigating Libraries and Investing in Student Feedback

ABSTRACT

We examine how students in academic libraries work; their furniture, technology and space needs; research methods used to determine these; and the results and evolution of our space design and assessment efforts. From the creation of a new collaborative center at Mann Library at Cornell University in 2007 to our latest space redesign in 2015, we've used a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods—including surveys, interviews, usability tests, and participatory design exercises—to discover the study behaviors and needs of users, applied this data to help redesign our collaborative study spaces, and assessed the results.     

澳大利亚公共图书馆空间导视标识设计标准指南及实践研究

[目的/意义] 旨在调查分析澳大利亚图书馆空间导视标识的标准指南及其内容,为我国图书馆空间标识设计指南制定工作提供参考与借鉴。[方法/过程] 运用网络调查法获取澳大利亚各州公共图书馆空间导视标识的相关指南和标准,以获得2020年澳大利亚国家建筑奖的维多利亚州立图书馆和新南威尔士州马里克维尔图书馆为例,分析其空间的导视标识设计实践。[结果/结论] 澳大利亚公共图书馆空间导视标识标准指南内容丰富,形式多样,随着社会环境的变化具有一定的灵活性。得出对国内公共图书馆空间导视标识设计的启示：制定包含图书馆导视标识设计的指南框架,设计与环境相协调的图书馆空间导视标识,注重图书馆空间导视标识的多样化,强化特殊图书馆空间导视标识设计,聘请导视标识设计的专业人员参与。     

Mapping contentious discourse in China: activists’ discursive strategies and their coordination with media

Discursive strategy in social movements in China has received limited scholarly attention. This paper systemically examines the way in which contentious discourse in China is informed by its cultural repertoire and illustrates how activists strategically frame their culturally informed discourse in coordination with the usage of media platforms. We analyzed 143 slogans and banners from 22 environmental and land requisition protests, and found that activists in China draw heavily on Chinese cultural repertoire. They embed family values in a rank system that is mapped onto two axes – space vs. time and us vs. them – with family/self at the center, to frame diagnostic, motivational, and prognostic collective action frames. In order to unpack the dynamic process of strategic framing, we paid special attention to activists’ coordination mechanisms with media in our analyses drawn from extensive participatory observation and interviews in two protest cases. We found strategic framing (such as frame bridging, amplification, extension, transformation and borrowing) was used in coordination with both traditional and new media in an effort to adjust their contentious discourse to achieve consensus mobilization, action mobilization, and social mobilization at various stages of protest. This study brings cultural repertoire back into the study of contentious discourse in China and highlights the dynamic nature of strategic framing that is often practiced in coordination with media.     

Improving the patron experience: Sterling Memorial Library's single service point

ABSTRACT

This article describes the planning process and implementation of a single service point at Yale University's Sterling Memorial Library. While much recent scholarship on single service points (SSPs) has focused on the virtues or hazards of eliminating reference desks in libraries nationwide, this essay explores the ways in which single service points can improve the patron experience by bringing together circulation, information services, and library privileges. It begins with an overview of the process at Sterling, including the library renovation that enabled our transition. After laying out the planning, training, and implementation phases of the single service point, the essay presents the major issues with which SSPs must contend (staff expertise, integration within the library, and designing a space to suit both staff and patrons) and considers the potential of such service points to improve library services.     

我国基层公共图书馆建筑设计的思考——以岳西县图书馆建筑设计方案为例

文章结合现代图书馆建筑设计的外在形式、功能体现、持续发展等基本要求,从设计理念、设计风格、设计空间三个角度深入分析安徽省岳西县公共图书馆的建筑方案设计,总结其建筑方案设计的特点,提出我国基层公共图书馆建筑设计需要从三个方面进行思考:深度挖掘地域文化特色并融入设计理念;定位中心建筑,融合周边环境,以突出设计风格;注重人本位思想,从持续发展角度打造设计空间。     

亲子阅读视角下电子绘本与纸质绘本的阅读差异研究

[目的/意义] 电子绘本种类繁多,交互丰富,对学龄前儿童吸引力强。相比阅读传统纸质绘本,学龄前儿童在阅读电子绘本时与父母的交流少。本文对这一现象进行深入分析,并解释以下两个研究问题:其一,当把交互功能降到最低时,父母和儿童之间的交流是否会增多;其二,在阅读传统纸质绘本时亲子交流的内容和行为。[方法/过程] 研究针对5-6岁的学龄前儿童以及其家长设计了实验,实验过程中,采用观察记录和录音两种方法收集数据,并采用扎根理论对数据进行分析。[结果/结论] 实验结果表明,去除大部分交互功能之后,在阅读电子绘本时父母和儿童之间的交流仍然很少。在阅读纸质绘本的过程中,儿童会通过提问和强化故事内容的方式来表达理解故事的需求,而父母不仅关注儿童对故事的理解程度,还关注儿童的阅读能力和阅读习惯。据此,提出一些针对电子绘本阅读和交互功能的设计建议及亲子阅读建议。     

The Town of Asa Branca: Constructing Public Spaces in Brazil

This paper follows the construction of a televisual public space in Brazil since the 1950s until the present, with special attention to television fiction and soap operas, known as novelas in Brazil. The role of novela writers as mass mediators responsible for weaving together a growing public is investigated, with emphasis on their political projects and their responsibilities when writing for millions. Although aided by an industrial process, their task of reaching the public is one full of misunderstandings, which I contend is an intrinsic part of the environment of mass communication. The acceptance of these unavoidable misunderstandings by all involved in mass communication is crucial for the continuation of a communicative game, as we see in the case of Brazilian television.     

Communication and marginal sites: the Chipko movement and the dominant paradigm of development communication

This article uses the Chipko movement in northeastern India to propose an additional way to think alternatively about communication and development. The Chipko movement took place in the 1970s. Movement members demanded better local resource management by the state and for a greater voice in the determining the use of the local forests. Acknowledging that alternatives to the dominant paradigm of communication and development already exist (the participatory communication models and the participatory action research models), this essay shows even these alternatives did not address certain problems associated with the dominant paradigm. After a brief review of the dominant paradigm and the alternatives this article examines certain dimensions of the Chipko movement, such as the role of movement leaders, resource management, and strategies of communication, and argues that a Chipko-based ‘regions in protest’ model should take a place among the various models posed as alternatives to the dominant paradigm.     

Triadic exchange as design practice

Contemporary “dyadic” perspectives on symbolic and material exchange emphasize reception or consumption in place of longstanding concentration on transmission or production. Analysis of the dyadic model reveals its limitations and suggests a triadic approach to specify how the resource environment—the integrative “field”—of exchange provides material‐symbolic support for creative action. The historical example of the Hawthorne Studies, in organizational communication, and the contemporary effort of hardware and software designers to derive user‐based approaches to computer‐mediated communication illustrate how (a) consumption‐production; (b) textual; and (c) ritual models can usefully inform (d) a participatory design approach that expands comprehension of the dynamics of triadic exchange.     

The relationship between student communication motives and information seeking

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between college students’ communication motives (i.e., relational, functional, participatory, excuse making, sycophantic) and their use of information‐seeking strategies (i.e., overt, indirect, third party, testing, observing). Participants were 149 students enrolled in an introductory communication course at a Mid‐Atlantic university. Results indicated that (a) students who communicate for the sycophantic, relational, and participatory motives use the indirect and observing information‐seeking strategies and (b) students who communicate for the functional communication motive use the overt information‐seeking strategy, but do not use the testing information‐seeking strategy. Future research should examine whether college students use information‐seeking strategies with their classmates and the impact of the use of these strategies on their learning experience.     

Design observations for interagency collaboration

We present 14 design observations for public safety networks (PSNs) and describe how they may apply more broadly to a wider range of inter-organizational systems within the public sector. A PSN is an interagency collaboration focused on developing and using information systems in support of information sharing and functional interoperability among public safety organizations engaged in law enforcement, criminal justice, and emergency response. We base our design observations upon an analysis of an extensive survey of 80 PSNs plus 6 in-depth case studies. The design observations identify commonalities that can guide agencies participating in interagency collaborations in addressing the interlocking issues they face. Our goal in presenting this set of design observations is to: (1) encourage improved PSN systems design and (2) draw attention to the importance of jointly addressing governance and technological considerations when designing PSNs.     

论博物馆展览各级传播目的的设定及执行

本文针对我国各类博物馆展览普遍存在的传播目的不明确、不按传播目的进行策划设计的问题,从理论与实践两个方面就如何准确设定和忠实执行展览传播目的进行了论述,提出:要准确设定展览的总传播目的及认知目标、情感目标和体验目标,要以传播目的为导向规划组织展示内容,要科学地处理好展览各级传播目的的逻辑关系,要严格按照传播目的设计展品展项。     

Library as place: results of a delphi study.

OBJECTIVE: An expert consensus on the future of the library as place was developed to assist health sciences librarians in designing new library spaces. METHOD: An expert panel of health sciences librarians, building consultants, architects, and information technologists was asked to reflect on the likelihood, desirability, timing, and impact on building design of more than seventy possible changes in the use of library space. RESULTS: An expert consensus predicted that the roles librarians play and the way libraries are used will substantially change. These changes come in response to changes in technology, scholarly communication, learning environments, and the health care economy. CONCLUSIONS: How health sciences library space is used will be far less consistent by 2015, as space becomes more tailored to institutional needs. However, the manner in which health sciences libraries develop and deliver services and collections will drastically change in the next decade. Libraries will continue to exist and will provide support for knowledge management and clinical trials, provide access to digital materials, and play a host of other roles that will enable libraries to emerge as institutional change agents.     

图书馆建筑空间促进阅读研究——以北美地区图书馆设计最佳实践为例

[目的/意义] 图书馆是促进阅读的重要机构,对北美地区图书馆促进阅读的建筑空间规划设计典型案例展开调查与研究, 为我国图书馆新馆建筑空间发展实践提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程] 通过演绎归纳的方法提出图书馆"建筑空间促进阅读",并以此为研究视角和内容,采用代表性多案例分析的方法实证释析获得2020年度"ALA/IIDA图书馆室内设计奖""AIA/ALA图书馆建筑设计奖"的11所北美图书馆促进阅读的建筑空间规划设计的内容及其特征。[结果/结论] 北美地区图书馆促进阅读的空间设计充分关注用户阅读需求与行为差异、优秀历史元素和自然环境,实现建筑空间对用户阅读行为的支持和激励作用。对我国图书馆建筑空间设计的启示：重构图书馆阅读促进空间价值认知;发挥空间对信息素养教育的支持作用;阅读空间与地理与人文环境融合发展;建设图书馆空间人才队伍和数据资源库。     

基于全民阅读理念的移动阅读平台三维服务框架构建

[目的/意义]研究并构建移动阅读平台的服务框架,以从共性上探讨如何有效支撑移动互联环境下的全民阅读问题.[方法/过程]从服务设计视角构建一个PUD三维服务框架,以用户体验为中心,以平台、用户、设计的立体联动作为逻辑主线,分析移动阅读平台的内容与功能服务接触点,探讨移动阅读用户与时空相关的阅读需求、行为模式与六大阅读情境,凝练出以情境设计为基础的移动阅读平台设计着眼点.[结果/结论]本研究可为移动阅读平台相关服务提供商的阅读服务设计提供对策参考.     

我国高校智库联盟内聚外联的激励机制设计研究

[目的/意义]强化高校智库联盟内部知识贡献的理念，加强联盟与用户的信息沟通，提升高校智库联盟的服务效能。[方法/过程]指出要打破我国高校智库联盟理事会制度原有的管理模式思维定势，分析内聚外联激励机制设计的本质与思路。规划高校智库联盟激励机制设计的流程，强调联盟目标与成员需要相匹配，激励方式与资源共建动机相契合，激励效果与阶段性、年终评价对接，加强比较交流与组织同化等设计要点。[结果/结论]提出我国高校智库联盟内聚外联的激励机制设计路径与策略：工作激励机制、报酬激励机制、精神荣誉激励机制、有效沟通激励机制。     

现代图书馆公共空间设计发展的新趋势

图书馆公共空间是社会化的行为场所,其设计应该最大限度地满足人们的不同需求并充分体现人性化。图书馆公共空间设计的要素主要包括光环境、材质与色彩。随着社会的不断进步,现代图书馆室内公共空间设计呈现出一些新趋势:由平面空间转向立体空间;光环境与色彩设计更加人性化;绿色、生态、低碳设计日益兴起;趋向智能化,舒适度增加,保持民族化,注重科学性,加入减噪设计等。