Reading the Early Soviets: Alexander S. Gumberg and the Collection,Translation, Exchange,and Preservation of Russian Print Matter (1917–1930)

In this article, the author investigates Alexander S. Gumberg's (1887–1939) pioneering role in the development of US-Soviet print relations between 1917 and 1930. The article is based on analysis of records from Gumberg's personal archive and has two parts. The first considers Gumberg's collection of documents concerning the founding of the Soviet state in revolutionary Russia, their presentation in the American press, and their deposit in the New York Public Library. The second examines Gumberg's establishment of bilateral exchanges of print materials in the 1920s and offers insights into their theoretical and practical aspects from American and Soviet perspectives.     

Examining a Spanish nonfiction collection in a public library

Many areas of the country have seen large growth in their Spanish speaking community. Libraries and other public agencies have redesigned their practices to better serve the needs of these new segments of the population. The urban area chosen for this study has experienced one of the fastest growing Spanish speaking populations in the country in the last 10 years. In this study, a needs assessment was created for the Spanish speaking population served by a branch library in a large, urban area. The needs assessment was created with the use of demographic data and an analysis of current library literature. Using the assessment, the current Spanish nonfiction collection of the library was evaluated for both size and content and then compared to the size and content of the English nonfiction collection. This assessment technique is useful to libraries wishing to conduct a needs analysis on a specific group in their population served.     

To Encourage,Inspire and Guide

This article examines the promotion of civil defence or ‘national service’ in interwar Britain. Analysing a recruitment campaign organised by the Chamberlain government in 1938–1939, it explores how civil defence was promoted in newspapers, posters, leaflets, guides, radio broadcasts, speeches and rallies, and how recruiters planned and executed the campaign. Existing literature has tended to focus on the role of national servicemen and servicewomen in wartime, but little is known about how these individuals were persuaded to join up before the war began or how national service was itself presented in the media. Through an analysis of official files, correspondence, advertisements and public relations, this article argues that the campaign for national service was not simply intended to attract new recruits, but to cement in Britain the notion that any future conflict would represent a ‘people’s war’ in which each citizen would contribute an equal share towards victory.     

The role of an NHS library service in the UK: the perceptions of clinical managers in Portsmouth, UK

BACKGROUND: Portsmouth NHS Library Service is exploring methods of raising its profile within its host organization and wishes to demonstrate its contribution to achieving organizational goals, perhaps by means of an impact study. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this small scale study, regarded as a possible precursor to an impact study, was to identify areas where there is potential to increase awareness among clinical managers of the Library's contribution. METHODS: An e-mail survey was sent to clinical managers to elicit their opinions regarding the contribution of the Library Service to organizational goals. RESULTS: Perhaps unsurprisingly, the role of the Library Service in education, research and effectiveness was most widely recognized. Of responses, 30/42 (71%) rated it as 'very important' and a further 11 (26%) rated it as 'important'. The low appreciation of the Library Service to Clinical Services is a disappointment in view of the body of research evidence. Only 12 respondents (29%) thought that the Library Service contributed 'significantly' by 'supporting informed and timely clinical decision making'. CONCLUSION: The study suggested areas where there might be scope to raise awareness of the Library contribution. In considering how best to achieve this, the benefits need to be weighed against the resource implications. Portsmouth NHS Library Service decided to increase its marketing efforts but not to carry out an impact study in the short term.     

国内公共图书馆与国际标准十个方面的差距

对比国际标准《公共图书馆服务发展指南》和参照《公共图书馆宣言》，国内公共图书馆在十个方面存在差距，包括定位欠准、功能欠全、特色欠明、法欠完善、服务欠广、馆藏欠精、队伍欠良、公关欠强、模式欠新、网络欠密等。     

A computerized English-Spanish correlation index to five biomedical library classification schemes based on MeSH

A computerized English/Spanish correlation index to five biomedical library classification schemes and a computerized English/Spanish, Spanish/English listings of MeSH are described. The index was accomplished by supplying appropriate classification numbers of five classification schemes (National Library of Medicine; Library of Congress; Dewey Decimal; Cunningham; Boston Medical) to MeSH and a Spanish translation of MeSH The data were keypunched, merged on magnetic tape, and sorted in a computer alphabetically by English and Spanish subject headings and sequentially by classification number.SOME BENEFITS AND USES OF THE INDEX ARE: a complete index to classification schemes based on MeSH terms; a tool for conversion of classification numbers when reclassifying collections; a Spanish index and a crude Spanish translation of five classification schemes; a data base for future applications, e.g., automatic classification. Other classification schemes, such as the UDC, and translations of MeSH into other languages can be added.     

聂崇岐致顾廷龙信札考释(1939—1958年)(一)

文章收录并考释原哈佛大学哈佛燕京图书馆善本部主任沈津先生收藏的聂崇岐致顾廷龙35通信函。信札的时间集中于1939年7月至1958年间,内容涉及燕京大学状况、哈佛燕京学社引得编纂处引得编纂进展、燕京大学图书馆与上海合众图书馆购书事宜、平沪两地旧书业情形,以及聂崇岐个人教学、研究工作等。从这批信札可以窥见1939年之后聂崇岐工作、生活、学术研究及与友朋交谊之情形。     

An Audio-Visual Approach to the Spanish Transition

Tele-revista was a biweekly Swiss television broadcast for Spanish immigrants living in Switzerland. It dealt with labour and migration-related issues in Switzerland, information about Spanish cultural manifestations, political rights and interviews with committed immigrants and key figures of Spanish politics in transit on Swiss soil. First aired in 1973, in the final years of General Franco's authoritarian regime, the TV magazine, initially broadcast on the three Swiss TV channels, is an unique source of the Spanish transition to democracy, seen through the eyes of Swiss TV-makers with the collaboration of some Spanish journalists. Tele-revista was aimed for a better integration of Spaniards within Swiss society, who were considered worse integrated than the Italians. The paper pursues to present a general portrayal of the broadcast with a special attention to the years of the Spanish transition to democracy by means of focussing on the information about social, cultural and political issues.     

图书馆统计云服务的技术与应用

通过分析"全国高校图书馆事实数据库"系统为全国图书馆提供的"统计云服务"的成功案例,结合我国图书馆统计工作的实际需求,从理念到实践、从技术到管理阐述了统计云服务的可行性和风险的规避问题;阐述了运用数理统计方法和现代技术,通过云服务方式解决图书馆事实统计的实际问题;阐述了"统计云服务"系统构架的设计、数据标准化、统计参数和条件选择、统计结果的获取和存储方式等技术解决方案;提出了如何解决"统计云服务"在应用与管理方面的问题。     

朝日新闻社史上鲜为人知的往事

1939年1月1日,《上海日报》更名为《大陆新报》,在南京、武汉和徐州设有分社,发行量为10万份,是在中国本土发行量最大的御用报纸,中文报《新申报》也被纳入《大陆新报》旗下。最近的史料发现表明,实际上操纵该报的则是《朝日新闻》的编辑和经营人员。这段历史也是《朝日新闻》社力图在社史中回避的史实。     

基于语义网技术构造知识服务系统

语义网的兴起,为知识服务系统的发展提供了巨大的动力。而知识管理的思想运用于语义网建设,又将为用户提供基于知识的Web服务。因此,语义网技术作为下一代Web的核心技术,知识服务作为信息服务的发展趋势,两者的相互结合将是可行而必要的,肯定会为知识服务的研究与发展开辟新的道路。本文阐述了语义网技术在知识服务中的角色,探讨了语义网与知识服务系统结合的应用前景,并论述了基于语义网技术构造知识服务系统的主要实现模式     

Digitization and Business Models in the Spanish Publishing Industry

This paper analyzes how technological change and digitalization in the Spanish publishing sector is challenging existing business models and encouraging publishers to modify their portfolios of products and competencies. A qualitative analysis (case study) of three Spanish publishers is carried out. The practical implications of the research are that digital products and services are still considered secondary to the analog book. On the other hand, the proportion of titles available in digital formats is still small. To all this, the lack of a common dominant design for digital publication is added, which represents an uncertainty for editors, to which must be added the lack of institutional support. For the time being, Spanish publishers are simply selling digital versions of their paper books on digital distribution platforms, trying to minimize risks by betting on positively contrasted works in the traditional paper-based business model.     

基于扬州实践的城市图书馆分馆建设研究

推进图书馆分馆建设对提升城市文化品位、实现公共服务均等化和公共投入效益最大化意义重大。扬州市把建设图书馆分馆列入为民办实事重点项目,走出了一条因势利导、合作共建的特色发展道路。论文认为应更加重视均衡布点。打造“15分钟图书馆服务圈”;理顺关系,建立三级联动服务体制;政府主导,保障正常经费投入;整合资源,加快信息化建设步伐。     

Commercial ethnicity: Language,class and race in the marketing of the hispanic audience

This essay examines the historical construction of the Hispanic audience and analyzes how contemporary Hispanic audience researchers/marketers have disrupted that unitary, essentialist construction by segmenting the Hispanic audience by class. The principal tool in this effort is language: the Spanish language is proxy for the “mass” of lower socioeconomic class Hispanic audience; English language usage by Hispanics is the sign of a higher class of Hispanic audience. The clearly defined panethnic conceptualization of the Hispanic audience, the nexus of which is the Spanish language, has been blurred. The study draws on interviews with Hispanic media marketers and audience researchers and on analysis of Hispanic market research reports.     

Media Accountability and Journalists: To Whom Do Spanish Professionals Feel Responsible?

ABSTRACT

This paper analyses to whom Spanish journalists feel responsible. To achieve this objective, we sent out a survey to Spanish journalists to ascertain their opinion on this question. The journalists’ point of view was then compared with that of the general public though six focus groups consisting of Spanish citizens from six cities in Spain (Barcelona, Castellón, Madrid, Sevilla, Mondragón and Santiago de Compostela). Lastly, five in-depth interviews were conducted with journalism experts (e.g., directors of professional journalist associations). The main results show that the journalists feel particularly responsible to their conscience, the journalism code of ethics and their sources. The citizens, in contrast, believe that journalists should be responsible to the audience. We contextualised the Spanish finding in the European context by comparing our results with those derived from a study among European journalists.     

Revisiting a Polysemic Text: The African American Press's Reception of Gone With the Wind

This article is a historical and discursive analysis of the African American press's reception of the motion picture Gone With the Wind (1939). The African American press represents a specific sphere wherein ambivalence and resistance to the cultural hegemony exhibited in this popular film text may be examined. Coverage of the film by 5 newspapers from December 1939 through May 1940 suggests a process in which discourse changed from watchful indifference to ambivalence toward the film. News and commentary suggest the polysemic readings of the text by African American journalists and filmgoers and the emergence of more complex forms of viewer resistance to Hollywood's cultural hegemony. The Academy Award received by Hattie McDaniel for her performance made the sense of resistance to such hegemony more substantive, while also bringing a new sense of purpose to the audiences' readings of the text. The resistance to this cultural hegemony was cut short, however, when reports of a new production of The Birth of a Nation (1915) were carried by the newspapers. A collective effort by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the African American press, and its readers curtailed the remake of The Birth of a Nation, although it would be years before Hollywood included African Americans in meaningful, multidimensional roles.     

Classics in Psychoanalysis:

The author studied the bibliographies in five years of issues of the four leading psychoanalytic journals to identify those articles and books that could be called classics in psychoanalysis. The determination of what items were classics depended largely upon age (original publications must have taken place in 1939 or before), and frequency (six or more citations were required). The 9 books and 21 articles are listed in order of frequency and examined further by type of authorship, psychoanalytic specialty dealth with, language of publication and availability. It is felt that the results of the study are important for teaching purposes, as a reading guide and for collection development.     

‘NO WAR THIS YEAR’

The London Daily Express proclaimed the maxim ‘No War this Year’ on its front pages as late as 7 August 1939. Newspaper historian Stephen Koss has suggested that the ‘no war’ slogan was a ‘delusion’ on the part of the proprietor, Lord Beaverbrook. Berlin chief correspondent, R. Selkirk Panton, was instrumental in ensuring that the policy line was observed through both his news stories and opinion pieces throughout 1938 and 1939. This paper aims to explore the extent to which Panton shared his employer's views, as well as tracing the divergent path of the Express from the rest of Fleet Street and Panton's position as a political outsider within the ‘foreign press colony’ of Berlin. Through the examination of several key stories during the last year before the outbreak of war, in his copy and personal correspondence, a critical evaluation of how Panton negotiated the space between the policy of the paper and the European crises on which he reported can be achieved.     

The BBC Polish Service During the Second World War

During the Second World War the broadcasts of the BBC Polish Service became a major source of information in occupied Poland. Although listening to, or possessing, a radio was punishable by death under the German occupation, Poles were willing to risk their lives in order to hear the news from London. For many, the BBC remained the only contact with the outside world, whilst listening itself became a symbol of resistance. The Polish Service was required to follow the official line of British government's policy, presenting a positive picture of the USSR. Anything considered anti-Soviet was expunged. Given that the BBC European Service was designed as an instrument of British propaganda, the Polish Service was recognised as a powerful medium in territorial and political disputes between Poland and the USSR.     

A FORGE OF CONSENSUS

The Spanish transition to democracy constituted an exceptional journalistic period which started with the death of the dictator Franco in 1975 and finished in 1978, the year in which a new democratic Constitution, currently in force, was approved by referendum. During those years, the Spanish political system changed radically from a dictatorship to a full democracy similar to the democracies enjoyed by Western European countries. This article proves the hypothesis that the majority of newspapers supported the main guidelines of political reform and the strategy of consensus led firstly by the francoist reformist elite and by the opposition political parties afterwards. The research method is a content analysis focused on the introduction of democratic values in newspaper editorials and applied to twelve newspaper titles which covered the ideological spectrum within the Spanish journalistic scene. This piece of research could be likewise considered as a contribution to the particular histories of the analysed dailies during those critical years.