中小学女生欺负行为的特点以及干预措施

本文通过对欺负行为以及女生欺负行为具体研究结果入手，讨论了女生欺负行为的特点和具体的干预措施。     

学校预防校园欺凌行为的思考

界定了校园欺凌的含义,阐述了校园欺凌的特点和被欺凌者的行为反应,指出避免和减少校园欺凌事件关键在预防,提出了学校预防校园欺凌行为的对策。     

挪威校园欺凌防范机制研究——以奥维斯欺凌防范项目为例

奥维斯欺凌防范项目是目前世界上最成熟、应用国家最多、影响最大、效果最显著的校园欺凌防范项目。该项目专为学校设计,有完善的欺凌调查问卷,有经过专业培训的认证培训师,包含四个核心维度的内容,分别针对学校、班级、个人、社区不同层面实施具体的欺凌行为干预。学习挪威经验,有助于我国尽快形成一套科学有效的欺凌行为干预机制,提高教师处理欺凌问题的能力,加强对心理问题的疏导。     

校园欺凌的心理成因及干预策略

校园欺凌是发生在校园及周边强势学生持续对弱势学生的身体和心理进行的持续性故意侵害行为.欺凌易导致被欺凌学生形成消极的人格特征、学业适应困难及出现社会化障碍等问题,也会导致欺凌者形成不良人格和攻击倾向.校园欺凌事件的频繁发生,不仅对学生的身体和心理产生消极的影响,而且不利于家庭、学校和社会的和谐稳定.本文通过对校园欺凌的现状、含义、类型、特征、结构的描述,及对校园欺凌主体的心理特征、角色及心理成因的分析,试图探求以校园为核心的解决校园欺凌问题的心理干预策略.     

Bullying Among Young Children: Strategies for Prevention

Bullying is an increasing problem within childcare facilities, preschool programs, and public schools. As a result, many districts are instituting anti-bullying intervention programs. This article defines bullying and explains the direct and indirect forms it can take. First, it examines research on bullying during the beginning years of school. Next, it explains how relational aggression occurs and the importance of positive peer support systems within their schools. The article concludes by examining the effects of consistent anti-bullying initiatives (e.g. conflict resolution strategies, daily check-ins, journals, and peacemaking activities) that address bullying behaviors among young children. Through consistent and clear interventions, students can build positive peer relationships that promote a safe and healthy school climate and culture.     

一个校园安全的建设蓝本:奥维斯校园暴力预防计划简介

校园暴力包括校园暴力犯罪和校园欺负。发生在学生之间的校园欺负是预防校园暴力的重点和关键。在这方面,奥维斯校园暴力预防计划是比较成功的蓝本之一,学习并借鉴该计划的具体措施和推广模式对于解决我国当前的校园暴力问题有一定的意义。     

美国尊重步骤项目对我国欺凌防治实践的启示

校园欺凌防治已成为我国学校教育实践中亟需解决的重要课题.美国儿童委员会研发了旨在预防干预校园欺凌问题的尊重步骤项目,尊重步骤项目以社会生态模型为基础,整合了社会情感学习框架,设计了包含学校、班级和个人层面的预防干预措施.研究表明该项目对欺凌、受欺凌的减少及相关态度和信念的改善等均具有良好效果.本文将介绍尊重步骤项目的设...     

同伴支持:学校欺负干预的新视角

随着对欺负研究的深入,研究者逐渐认识到同伴在欺负发生和欺负干预中的重要性。作为学校欺负干预的新视角,同伴支持———充分发挥同伴的作用,借助于同伴的力量来提高学生应对欺负问题的能力越来越受到重视。简要介绍欺负干预中同伴支持的内涵、方式、特征和作用等基本内容。     

学校欺负行为的类型、特点及其干预

欺负行为在中小学中非常普遍，大约有1／5的学生卷入其中，它阻碍了学生身心的正常发展。本文介绍了欺负行为的类型和特点，欺负的发生发展特点及其影响因素，并对学校中的欺负干预提出了建议。     

校园欺凌现状及预防策略

近年来,校园欺凌事件频频发生,因其恶劣的影响及严重的后果受到社会各界的广泛关注。相当一部分学生直接或间接受到过校园欺凌的冲击,使其产生心理上的危机感和焦虑感,对其学习和心理健康产生了不利的影响。本文通过分析学生欺凌现象的现状及应采取的有效预防策略,能够有效引导和帮助青少年健康成长,促进其身心全面发展。     

A Study of Bullying of Teachers by Pupils in an Inner London School

This paper addresses the issue of bullying of teachers by pupils, which is referred to as teacher targeted bullying (TTB). The aim of this study was to document the nature, duration and level of TTB in an inner London school. The writers believe the results indicate the need for public and professional recognition that TTB exists and that it is a complex problem which can affect teacher performance, morale, and student learning.     

小学生欺负问题的干预研究

采用行动研究法在某小学进行欺负问题的干预研究,通过为期五周的干预,实验班学生上学和放学路上受欺负的比率和在学校情境中受欺负的程度显著下降,三年级的下降幅度大于五年级的;学生在学校里安全感增强;教师的研究意识和解决问题的能力得到增强和提高。     

The Impact of Workplace Bullying on Primary School Teachers and Principals

While previous research has consistently cited education as a high risk profession for negative workplace relationships, there has been little consideration of the impact of workplace bullying for those involved. This paper seeks to address this lacuna through the analysis of 24, in-depth interviews with self-identified victims of workplace bullying who work, or have worked, in primary schools. The study reveals the profound physical, psychological, social, and economic effects of these toxic behaviors upon the interviewees, along with the resistance strategies they employed to help them cope with their experiences. Through a lens of Foucauldian conceptualisation of power, this study explores the broader implications for school organizational culture, as well as for individual teachers and the pupils they teach.     

加拿大校园欺凌的干预与治理：路径、经验与启示

加拿大频发的校园欺凌问题引发社会、学界的关注与重视。为防治校园欺凌,加拿大联邦政府和各省政府制定了相应的政策法规,明确教育部、学校、监护人乃至社区的责任,通过多年的干预和治理,省政府分配权责、学校全纳支持以及社区的协同共进,校园欺凌防治成效斐然。完善的政策法律体系建设、系统的治理方略和多元主体的参与是其防治校园欺凌的主要经验。给予我国的启示：应推进立法,建立系统的反欺凌政策体系;发挥学校的教育功能,营造全纳校园环境;构建反欺凌共同体,建立多方联动机制。     

教师是知识分子:文化的传承者、阐释者和批评者

学校是文化机构,教师则是学校最重要的人员。这种说法有三重含义其一,文化并非某个体知识的总和;其二,教师有责任保证他们的学生每天接收文化信息;其三,教师是知识分子,换句话说,是文化的继承人、阐释者和批判者。     

心理学视域下校园欺凌的形成机理及对策

校园欺凌是国内外中小学中普遍存在的现象,从心理学角度考察其成因、探索相应干预措施有着重要意义。有关欺凌事件直接参与者的研究表明:部分欺凌者存在一定程度的反社会行为或认知特征,欺凌行为也是青春期个体获取、维护社会支配地位的一种手段;某些"另类"特征、情绪和社会交往问题会让儿童青少年成为易受欺凌的对象;欺凌和受欺凌都可能导致个体情绪、行为等方面的适应障碍,其不良影响甚至会延续相当长的时间;欺凌-受欺凌者是最不稳定的一类角色,兼具欺凌者与受欺凌者两者的缺点,适应状况通常最差。班级内的同伴生态、旁观者的行为和朋友关系都会影响欺凌事件的发生几率及所导致的后果。某些家庭和父母特征也是与欺凌行为联系密切的危险性或保护性因素。积极的师生关系有助于减少欺凌事件的发生,也能对其后果起到缓冲作用。但缺乏培训的父母和教师,通常无法及时准确地识别欺凌事件并做出有效应对。当前教育实践中,可以有效防控校园欺凌的措施大致可以划分为两类;一是面向特定相关群体的单水平干预,二是要求学生、家长、教职员工等都要参与其中的多水平干预。     

A Critical Reexamination of the Practice Component in Counselor Training

This article reviews the existing empirical literature related to the practice component in counselor education. The evidence strongly indicates that the current understanding of the practice component in training is quite limited. The authors discuss several tentative explanations for the discrepancy between the widespread application of practice in training and the near absence of empirical guidelines for its use, present weaknesses in related research methodology, and advance several recommendations for future research in this area.     

Critical Thinking in Preservice Teachers: A Rubric for Evaluating Argumentation and Statistical Reasoning

The authors implemented a cognitive apprenticeship learning community (Collins, Brown, & Newman, 1989) in a class of preservice teachers at the University of Missouri - Columbia to enhance their argumentation and critical thinking skills about complex, educational problems. A detailed rubric based on the literature in argumentation and scientific reasoning was developed to evaluate the students' performance before and after the intervention. The rubric was designed to measure students' (a) conceptions and use of evidence, (b) notions about research and its applicability in evaluating complex social problems, and (c) ability to consider alternative perspectives. This article describes the intervention, the theoretical underpinnings of the rubric, and the use of the rubric in measuring the development of critical thinking in a group of preservice teachers. Strengths and weaknesses of the rubric are outlined and avenues for future research are discussed.     

校园欺凌综合防治的国际比较及启示

校园欺凌现象普遍存在于世界各国,对其进行有效防治是当前面临的一项重大课题。国外对校园欺凌问题及其防治措施研究较早且成果丰富,文章分别从法律、社会、执法、学校四个层面,对美国、英国、日本、澳大利亚四国的校园欺凌防治进行了国际比较,发现只有坚持依法治校、构建多元治理模式、加大惩戒力度、建立校园警察制度并完善教师惩戒权,才能对校园欺凌现象实现有效的防治。