教育叙事研究中的叙事分析模式——基于为课题研究提供方法的视角

教师的实践性知识研究要求研究者进入教育现场,走入教师的日常生活世界,通过与教师的合作与互动、关注与倾听,发现和挖掘他们身上的正被其使用着的实践性知识.如何把研究者的现场体验、现场文本转换为研究文本,最后得出诠释性结论,即如何对所获取的叙事性资料进行阅读、分析和诠释,是研究者面对的一项重要工作.文章介绍了几种叙事分析方法,包括整体一内容、整体一形式、类别一内容、类别一形式的矩阵分析模式,以及美国社会学家瑞斯曼提供的三种分析模式,意在为课题研究①提供可借鉴的分析工具.     

Formative Assessment as Critical Pedagogy: A Case of Business Studies

This paper reports on a study that was conducted to examine formative assessment as a form of assessment that promotes critical pedagogy in teaching and learning. Using Freire’s notion of critical pedagogy as an analytic framework, the argument is that formative assessment should transcend grading, selection and accountability for learning and elevate each student’s learning threshold. Critical pedagogy is concerned with reconstructing the traditional student/teacher relationship and developing spaces and practices that nurture dialogue and possibilities. The study adopted a case-study research design. Discussions with educators and an examination of students’ workbooks provided insights about how the educators understood formative assessment and how it can be used to promote socially just education. The findings indicate that even though the teachers viewed themselves as competent in using this assessment, this was not evident in their practices as well as the views they expressed about it. They appreciated the importance of the assessment for promoting socially just education but still had some misconceptions regarding its implementation, for example, the teaching of Business Studies. The teachers’ professional understanding of formative assessment as a concept and a practice highlighted the need for teacher development. If teachers are encouraged to examine their practices, this will permit them to embrace formative assessment, and to stimulate students’ interest, and performance in Business Studies.     

高师公共教育学叙事教育模式探究

引导师范生追问和体悟教育的真谛是高等师范院校公共教育学的教育目标之一。教师和师范生是具有丰富的教育生活经验的个体,而且这些经验本身是公共教育学的课程资源。采取师范生分享教师的教育经验和反思自己的教育经历的教育叙事的方式,有助于这一教育目标的实现,也使教育叙事式公共教育学教育模式成为一种可能。     

That Other Scene of Pedagogy: A Psychoanalytic Narrative

My discussion embraces the subjective qualities of the psychoanalytic clinical case study as a method for writing narratives of pedagogy dedicated to interpreting the latency of communication: what has been held back, forgotten, acted out and unconsciously repeated. At the heart of the case study is the literary dilemma of putting to words the transference, thought here as the unconscious desire for the other’s knowledge, authority and love. Of special interest is a narrative conundrum both educators and psychoanalysts share when trying to depict the felt qualities of their work: a great deal is experienced before anything can be known while learning from intersubjective acts is of a different order from anticipation of how things should proceed. The difficulty is that the nature of knowledge exchanged in either psychoanalysis or education may also carry a failure of symbolization, founded in a subjective gap within human relations and repeated in language. Here is where we meet the latency of communication and the question of education as human condition.     

Using Case-Based Pedagogy in the Philippines: A Narrative Inquiry

This study features use of case-based pedagogy as a context for exploring science teacher education reform. A central premise of the study is that science teacher education reform is a complex process characterised by the individual and collective narrative histories of teachers. The study was conducted at West Visayas State University in the Philippines as a collaborative research endeavour involving two US and four Filipino science teacher educators. The centrepiece of this study was a case experience prompted by reflection on prospective and practicing elementary teachers' written cases. Results of the study are presented here as a layered narrative. An initial layer explores how a case, written by a prospective teacher, was interwoven with her past and future life history. A second layer looks at sociocultural and professional tensions that mediated the participants' case experience. A third layer represents how the case experience provided a community that supported critical reflection among the research team members. Implications from the study emphasise that case-based pedagogy can serve as a basis for critical reflection to inform community-based approaches to science teacher education pedagogical and research reform.     

The Pedagogy of Counseling: A Critical Examination

This article examines current literature on the pedagogy of counseling. The authors offer a critique of current counselor education practices and suggest constructivist methods for educating reflective practitioners.     

Self-Regulation of Learning within Computer-based Learning Environments: A Critical Analysis

Computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) present important opportunities for fostering learning; however, studies have shown that students have difficulty when learning with these environments. Research has identified that students’ self-regulatory learning (SRL) processes may mediate the hypothesized positive relations between CBLEs and academic performance. In this review, we identified 33 empirical studies of SRL and CBLEs. We address three research questions: (1) How do learner and task characteristics relate to students’ SRL with CBLEs? (2) Can various learning supports or conditions enhance the quality of students’ SRL as they learn with CBLEs? (3) What conceptual, theoretical, and methodological issues exist for this growing area of research? We found evidence that specific SRL processes are more often associated with academic success than others and that SRL skills can be supported. We also identified a number of issues that researchers should aim to address in future investigations, including a more comprehensive measurement of facets of SRL and the quality of SRL processes, the seeming disconnect between SRL processes and learning outcomes, and the distinction between self- and other-regulation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

教育叙事研究的内涵

通过对“叙事作为表述教育现象的方式”和“叙事作为思考模式”以及“叙事作为研究方法”三方面的论述,探讨了教育叙事研究的内涵,揭示了教育叙事研究不仅仅为我们提供了一种有效的研究方法,还引导我们转换思考方法,抛弃迄今为止充斥头脑的以追求理论、普遍性为主的宏大叙事,回归教育实践,回归教育本质的内涵。     

教育叙事中"假性叙事"的成因分析

教育叙事(EducationalNarrative)的方法因其更加注重从日常生活故事中揭示教育的意义而被越来越多的教育研究者所采用,笔者也曾经用教育叙事的方法进行了一系列的教育研究。但是在研究中笔者发现有时候研究者所听到或者观察到的被研究者的故事有“失真”的现象,但是被研究者却不能自觉意识到这种“失真”的现象,而认为这就是真实发生的故事,笔者把教育叙事研究中出现的这种现象称为“假性叙事”现象。“假性叙事”有很大的隐蔽性,也很不容易被研究者所发现,这就在很大程度上影响了叙事研究结果的效度,从这个意义上讲探讨教育叙事中“假性叙事”的形成原因就变得相当重要。本文在此仅结合笔者在研究中遇到的一些实例,对教育叙事研究中常见的“假性叙事”的成因作简单的探讨。     

Voices of Silence in Pedagogy: Art, Writing and Self-Encounter

This article draws on the conclusion of the Commission on the Humanities in The Humanities in American Life that the aim of a liberal arts education is to foster critical reasoning through the use of language or discourse. This paper maintains that the critical method is in itself insufficient to achieve its purpose. Its failure is in its exclusion of feeling and of silence from the thinking process. Hence, the ultimate object of my analysis is to correct and to complement the critical method with the aesthetic method of teaching the humanities. Central to the aesthetic method is art as a means to cultivate contemplative and creative skills. The essay brings out and examines the value of art as voices of silence in Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Dionysius, Bonaventure, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Paul Gauguin, and pays particular attention to the diaries of Eugène Delacroix. In the course of doing so, I shall be trying to make clear that art teaches us how to listen and how to encounter ourselves totally and completely. It goes on to suggest several pedagogical principles or consequences that flow from this aesthetic pedagogy.     

Voices of Teacher Candidates: Positive Changes in Multicultural Attitudes and Knowledge

Abstract

The author explored changes in teacher candidates' multicultural attitudes and knowledge as well as the factors that contributed positively to those changes. Teacher candidates were followed during their teacher preparation program. Data were collected from 2 questionnaires and 9 interviews. The author used repeated measures analysis and percentages to explore changes in multicultural attitudes and knowledge. She also used percentages to identify factors that the participants believed influenced those changes. Findings suggest that teacher candidates' multicultural attitudes and knowledge changed in a positive direction while the candidates attended a teacher preparation program. Changes seemed to be influenced by fieldwork experiences in culturally/ethnically diverse settings, courses in multicultural and bilingual education, and classmates.     

Blending Voices: Autoethnography as a Vehicle for Critical Reflection in Social Work

Critical reflection is important to vital process issues within social work practice; thus, it warrants attention in teaching and supervisory contexts. Autoethnography is a newer qualitative research methodology that uses the experiences of the author/researcher to extend social science understanding (Sparkes, 2000). In this article, the authors use autoethnography to frame critical reflection as a process of exploring social work knowledge and its potential implications, given that such knowledge is situated within fragmented and diverse selves and identities. Thus, good autoethnography is a unique way of accessing knowledge within intersubjective realities, which simultaneously generates a form of critical reflection (the comparison and assessment of emergent knowledge situated within selves and identities). Purposely incorporating an autoethnographic strategy, the authors draw from their experiences to show how personal narratives, the core of autoethnography, might be used to infuse critical reflection into social work education and practice.     

A Community of Voices: Educational Blog Management Strategies and Tools

Web 2.0 offers a new type of interactive technology that may change the focus and approach of formal education in ways we are just beginning to comprehend. The new and unique qualities of Web 2.0 can be compounded in traditional educational settings by the fact that students often times have far more experience with and understanding the new technology than the teachers who are developing curriculums and setting educational goals. At the same time, Web 2.0 has become so pervasive in such a short time that it makes little sense to ignore it in educational settings. This current article suggests blogging may be the most “education friendly” of the new interactive tools. Blog posts offer students the opportunity to develop their own voice in the classroom, while commentary serves as an important reinforcement for self-reflection and continued participation. The difficulty for teachers is in understanding how to integrate, use and maintain course blogs so that they are a strong and positive educational force in the classroom. At the core of using blogs is the development of blog management strategies. Based on the authors’ use of blogs in undergraduate courses, the current paper outlines an approach to blog management.     

批判性话语分析:当代教育研究的一个新视角

批判性话语分析作为一种人文社会科学研究方法,对于当代教育研究具有重要的指导和借鉴意义,它为人们研究教育问题提供了一个新的视角。本文以批判性话语分析为理论基础,从批判性话语分析的视角来审视教育研究问题,提出批判性话语分析的方法将会促进当代教育研究在研究性质、研究主题与研究条件等方面发生一系列转变。     

A Brief Analysis of Misconceptions and Problems of Educational Narrative Inquiry

As a qualitative research method, the educational narrative inquiry is widely used in educational research. However, there exists some misconceptions about what is narrative inquiry and how to do educational narrative inquiry among the beginners who are interested in this method. Educational narrative research can not invent education event, nor is seen as a conventional research method. And the narrative inquiry should not be considered equivalent to ordinary way of telling stories. This paper will make a brief analysis of misconceptions and problems of educational narrative inquiry to help the beginners to better understand narrative inquiry and do this kind of research in a proper way.     

The Pedagogy of Teaching Educational Vision: A Vision Coach's Field Notes About Leaders as Learners

The emerging field of educational visioning is full of challenges and phenomena worthy of careful analysis and documentation. A relatively neglected phenomenon is the learning curve of the leaders (often lay leaders) involved in the visioning process. This article documents a range of experiences of the author serving as a vision coach to five different institutions. The importance of treating the educational leaders involved in the process as learners is a consistent theme across five institutions. The tendency in the field is to think of them as transformative agents for congregational change. The author argues that this admirable goal can only occur with considerable attention to the pedagogy of teaching vision. This is a particular challenge given the highly abstract and conceptual framework of the volume Visions of Jewish Education (Marom, Fox, & Scheffler, 2003 Fox, S., Marom, D. and Scheffler, I. 2003. Visions of Jewish education, Cambridge, , UK: Cambridge University Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), which often serves as the “text” for the visioning process.