Meeting the Challenges of the Future: Integrating Public Health and Public Education for Mental Health Promotion

The 2002 Future of School Psychology Conference called for reform of current models of professional school psychology, including a paradigm shift toward a public health model of practice. This article explores the role of school psychologists in efforts to achieve an integrated public health and public education model for delivering comprehensive school-based mental health services. Building on expertise as psychological and educational consultants, school psychooogists can play a unique role in facilitating the necessary systemic reform and capacity building for comprehensive mental health service delivery. This revised role requires redefining school-based consultation to include consultation for capacity building, and rethinking professional preparation to ensure expertise in public health models, inter-agency and interdisciplinary collaboration, participatory action research, and comprehensive service delivery.     

我国心理健康研究的现状、热点与发展趋势

目前,心理健康研究呈现出对象多元化、方法多样化、内容丰富化的特点,心理障碍的神经机制研究、心身交互作用的机制研究、药物与网络成瘾的机制研究、心理健康服务体系的机制研究成为热点。从我国国民心理健康研究的状况来看,其研究主要包括独生子女的心理健康问题、学生群体的心理健康问题、特殊群体的心理健康问题、职业群体的心理健康问题以及网民群体的心理健康问题五个方面。随着我国心理健康研究的不断深化,也给学校心理健康教育带来了诸多启示:完善筛查机制,提高心理问题的甄别率;采用多种干预方法,促进学生全面健康发展;提供多方保障,提高学校心理健康服务体系的服务质量。     

Integrating Models of Collaborative Consultation and Systems Change to Implement Forgiveness-Focused Bullying Interventions

Through collaborative consultation with school staff, school psychologists have increasingly helped schools add bullying prevention and intervention programming to their service delivery systems. As schools search for ways to lessen the impact of bullying on the social-emotional health and academic achievement of students, forgiveness education is an area that may offer another perspective to bullying prevention and intervention. In order to infuse forgiveness education into schools' current tiered-service delivery systems, school psychologists and their district partners can use the frameworks of collaborative strategic planning (CSP) and the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM) in tandem to guide the development and implementation of forgiveness-focused bullying interventions at the core, supplementary, and intensive levels of a multitiered system of service delivery.     

新时期大学生心理健康教育和咨询机制探析

随着高校在校生规模的不断扩大,学校心理健康教育和咨询工作也愈发显得尤为重要。在危机干预四级网络架构的基础上,构建了＂四级二线三基点＂的大学生心理健康教育和咨询立体工作体系,强化了＂心理健康教育＂、＂心理咨询服务＂、＂心理危机干预＂三个基础服务功能,建立起了高校内部各个心理危机干预单元。     

重大公共卫生事件下的学校心理安全教育

新冠肺炎疫情,作为一次危及生命安全的公共卫生事件,冲击着人们的心理防线,考验着个体的心理应激和心理韧性,也评估着学校安全管理和心理防控的水平。然而学校心理防控不应仅仅停留于事后心理危机干预上,应通过有目的、有计划的心理安全教育,提高大中小学生的心理安全意识,提升其心理调控能力,使其在面对重大公共卫生事件时,能够保持理性、平和的积极心态,掌握科学、有效的应对方式,掌握预防威胁的心理策略,以健康人格抵御危机事件的消极影响。     

大学校园心理危机预防体系的分析

心理危机事件在学校中发生的比例日渐增加,如何防止危机事件的发生,对于危机事件又有哪些有效的预防体系成为现在高校心理危机干预体系研究的重点。构建心理危机预防机制应包括心理档案建设、心理健康宣传、心理危机预警机制和学校危机干预体系的建立四方面,从而更好地为在校学生服务,保护学生的安全。     

An Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Acceptability of Teleconsultation

School-based psychological services are typically provided through a triadic model of consultation in which a school psychologist works directly with a teacher or school staff member to address the academic, behavioral, or mental health concerns of a student. With advances in current technology, school psychologists have the capacity to use videoconferencing to engage in their consultative responsibilities. Teleconsultation has the potential to improve the provision of consultative services by increasing school psychologists’ efficiency and providing individuals, especially those in rural areas, access to greater service. The current study evaluated the effectiveness and acceptability of teleconsultation as a means to deliver behavioral consultation services to three teachers and their students. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline across subjects was used. Results showed that consultants could develop a behavioral intervention with a teacher and effectively implement the intervention to improve student outcomes. Teachers also rated teleconsultation as an acceptable means for service delivery.     

Systematic Review of Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation: Implications for Improving Preschool Discipline Disproportionality

ABSTRACT

Early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) is a framework that continues to expand as students’ social-emotional needs emerge at younger ages. The present systematic review examines the extant literature surrounding the use of ECMHC and behavioral consultation in addressing mental health concerns and challenging behaviors in preschool students. Findings associated with this systematic review suggest that ECMHC could be a promising practice for targeting internalizing and externalizing behavioral concerns in prekindergarten students across a variety of settings. However, more research is needed in the areas of mental health/behavioral consultation and disciplinary disproportionality, as well as on the impact of such practices on preschool children of color. Implications for school psychologists are discussed, as are disciplinary practices when providing ECMHC and behavioral consultation services with students of diverse racial, ethnic, and cultural backgrounds.     

昆明市中学教师心理健康调研及对策

调查表明,昆明市中学教师心理健康状况不容乐观,存在许多问题。影响教师心理健康的因素是多方面的,应对策略有客观与主观两方面。客观方面是指教育行政部门提供社会支持系统,改变评价机制,建立校本研修的团队,建立教师心理健康监督预防机制,而教师本人主观上也要不断学习,积极应对。     

Types of Mental Health Consultation

Mental health consultation is defined and differentiated from other forms of professional activity in the community mental health field. The four main types of mental health consultation are discussed and one, 'consultee-centered case consultation' is described in some detail, to illustrate the basic principles of method and technique.     

理工类研究生心理健康教育工作机制和心理危机干预机制的建构

与文史等专业的研究生相比,理工科研究生的心理健康问题突出表现为精神抑郁、社交心理障碍、学习倦怠、性别心理障碍。目前研究生心理健康教育工作总体上表现为计划性、系统性欠缺,方法单薄,专业人员配备不足,预防能力薄弱,应急处理的理论和经验缺乏等。本文基于上述这些因素,提出构建能从多层次、多方位促进研究生心理健康的三大保障体系;构建高校、院系、学生三级贯彻并落实研究生心理健康教育的工作体制;建立研究生心理问题筛查、干预、控制、跟踪一体化的工作机制,以应对心理危机。     

从优抚医院调查中探析高职学生心理健康教育重要性

许多高职院校面对学生的心理健康问题甚感棘手,感到课难上,事难管。高职生因文化基础、基础素质较薄弱,导致厌学情绪大、学习自觉性和主动性差、学习成就感弱、心理承受力脆弱,成为我国高等教育中易发心理与精神疾病的高危群体。因此,高职大学生心理健康问题更值得全社会关注,对其教育、预防与干预工作显得更为紧迫和重要。从优抚医院调查中,在探索患者心理与精神疾病成因中,更进一步证实,高职院校如果针对高职学生心理发展特点,及时采取科学教育、有力预防和干预措施,可以有效减少学生心理与精神疾病发生。     

盲校心理健康教育的现状及其对策

盲校开展心理健康教育虽已取得一定的成效,但也存在一些问题专职心理健康教育教师与残疾儿童心理健康教育教材缺乏,盲生心理健康调查量表匮乏,心理健康教育档案内容不充分,心理健康教育课程设置不完善,心理健康课程课堂教学欠规范。其中的原因主要有观念的制约、经费的困扰及科研成果的限制。盲校为加强心理健康教育需要加强心理健康教育教师队伍的建设,开发心理健康教育教材,完善学生心理健康教育档案,成立心理健康教育辅导室,加强心理健康教育研究,邀请家长参与心理健康教育。     

Prevention Through Consultation: A Model to Guide Future Developments in the Field of School Psychology

The Invitational Conference on the Future of School Psychology held at Indiana University in 2002 had implications for consultation. It addressed projected shortages in school psychologists that provide a rationale for service delivery models integrating consultation and prevention. The conference discussed the need for effective work with children, families, and professionals from diverse cultures; success in fostering productive home-school connections; optimal and ethical use of rapidly changing technologies; and the use of empirical evidence to inform practice. This article presents a model of consultation and prevention informed by recent research in positive psychology as well as public health models. This model is discussed in the context of these and other important developments in the field of school psychology.     

Comprehensive school-linked services: Implications for school psychologists

This article reviews the primary concepts underlying the current movement toward the provision of comprehensive school-linked services for children and families in low-income communities and the implications of this movement for school psychologists. The development of collaborative partnerships involving schools, public, and community-based agencies is an attempt to increase the availability and accessibility of needed services to children and families. The adoption of collaborative governance and a case management system is intended to offer an alternative to the proliferation of separate categorical programs and the associated lack of coordination among programs. The hope is to emphasize prevention and efficient early intervention. Collaborative efforts can provide an opportunity for role expansion among school psychologists. This possibility is discussed within a consultation model of service delivery that is consistent with the collaborative nature of school-linked services and with the preventive stance that orginated them. School psychologists are in a position to contribute to team consultation, case management, and needs assessment. Implications for training are drawn.     

Integrating expanded school mental health programs and school‐based health centers

This article provides background on national movements toward expanded school mental health (ESMH) programs and school‐based health centers (SBHCs), and presents advantages and challenges of joining these two systems of child and adolescent health care. Delivering ESMH through SBHCs promotes an interdisciplinary approach, health–mental health care integration, and benefits including enhancing referral bases, improving screening of problems, and enhanced confidentiality and privacy. But this integrated approach also presents challenges including managing referrals and significant needs, handling crises, building a focus on prevention and mental health promotion, handling administrative demands, and coping with limited resources. These challenges, ideas for overcoming them, and future directions for this promising service delivery approach are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 40: 297–308, 2003.     

体育与健康教学中的心理健康管理模式探研

文章通过问卷调查、教学实验等方法对高中体育与健康教学中的心理健康管理模式的效果进行了研究。研究表明,通过管理模式中的信息反馈、教育指导以及动态监管功能,学生的心理健康情况能得到有效的监测和评估,便于教师采取咨询或干预等方式进行心理调节,以促进学生的身心健康发展。     

SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS AS MENTAL HEALTH PROVIDERS: THE IMPACT OF STAFFING RATIOS AND MEDICAID ON SERVICE PROVISIONS

As one out of five children in the United States demonstrate some type of mental or behavioral health concern warranting additional intervention, federal policies have emphasized the need for school‐based mental health (SBMH) services and an expansion of Medicaid reimbursement for eligible children and families. Most youth access mental health services at school; therefore, it is important to evaluate how staffing ratios, credentialing, and state Medicaid policies may influence school psychologists’ involvement in the delivery of SBMH services. A survey of 192 school psychologists found that as practitioner to student ratios increased, the availability and provision of SBMH services decreased. As state Medicaid policies have been found to influence the provision of mental health services at school, current study results demonstrate an association between state level Medicaid policies and the number of school psychologists qualified to bill for Medicaid‐reimbursable services. Implications for service delivery and policy development are discussed.     

高校大学生心理健康教育工作制度建设探析

高校大学生心理健康教育工作制度亟待健全，加强大学生心理健康教育制度建设刻不容缓。建立和完善大学生心理健康教育机构及其组织、管理规章制度等是健全工作制度的基础；建立和完善统一的大学生心理健康教育、教学纲要和学校心理咨询工作的规程是健全工作制度的关键。     

心理健康教育应成为高校班主任的首要工作

近几年来,由于心理引发的大学生精神疾病、自杀、危害家庭及他人与社会的现象时有发生,大学生的心理健康问题越来越受到社会与教育界的重视。班主任作为一个与学生接触最为密切的师长,学校德育工作最直接的承担者,对学生开展心理健康教育具有可能性和必要性。应当将心理健康教育引入班级管理,利用班主任工作优势,将心理健康教育作为首要工作,肩负起学生心理健康教育,甚至是心理咨询的责任。