Knowing in Journalistic Practice

This article reports the outcomes of an ethnographic study in a public broadcasting company exploring on-the-job learning and knowing in journalistic practice. We use practice perspective and social learning theory to study how knowing in everyday work is achieved within journalists’ communities of practice and in relation to other practices around journalism. A year-long study involved analysis of 19 on-site observations, 25 interviews, over 30 textual company based documents and over 120 photos. We found that journalists’ communities of practice are actively negotiating a shared understanding of good practice. At the same time, individual journalists are relatively free to choose how they use this collective knowledge resource, enabling a creative tension between shared understanding of good practice and individual performances of that practice. Journalists are also responsive to ongoing and anticipated future changes within the practices they align with—practices that are reported about, journalistic practices of other public broadcasting companies and practices of the audience. We, therefore, argue for an understanding of journalistic practice as open-ended and performative, rather than fixed and routine.     

全国图书馆参考咨询联盟的创新性与实践研究

随着社会信息化和数字图书馆事业的发展,读者需求的不断变化,原有联合参考咨询服务模式不再适合形势发展的需要。为了解决这种情况,寻求更好的发展平台,在结合我国大多数图书馆均有使用读秀和百链检索平台的基础上,广东省立中山图书馆大胆创新,建成了全国图书馆参考咨询联盟平台。这一联盟的建成,在四个方面实现了创新,并且通过近一年的实践,取得了突出的社会效益,并在全国推广了文献资源共建共享的先进理念。     

Have You Heard?

This study seeks to understand “listening” as a practice and norm of journalism in the context of an eruption of journalistic discourse about listening surrounding the 2016 US election. An examination of US journalists’ own discourse about listening pointed to an understanding of the need to listen more, better, and to a more diverse set of voices. The widespread criticism of journalism’s performance frequently pointed to failures of listening as a root cause of the more general failure to adequately cover the campaign. Thus, listening involved a set of skills, but was also sometimes construed as a moral obligation. Overall, however, the discourse showed an anemic understanding of listening, often pointing to the public’s inability to listen to journalists.     

1948年毛泽东、刘少奇关于新闻工作谈话的再解读

在中国历史发生重大转折前夜的1948年,毛泽东和刘少奇先后于4月和10月发表了关于党的工作的重要谈话,由于谈话对象、背景不同,谈话内容要点各有侧重。毛泽东总结过去,对党的新闻事业提出了原则性的要求;刘少奇面向未来,对新时期党的新闻工作者提出侧重于具体实践方面的指导。     

美国高校图书馆社会服务拓展创新实践的调研与思考

[目的/意义]在服务教学与科研的同时,美国高校图书馆还非常重视社会服务,并在"互联网+"时代对社会服务进行了拓展创新与变革。美国高校图书馆社会服务发展时间早、开放程度高、服务对象广、服务内容多元、服务方式多样,逐渐形成了成熟的特色服务模式,这些可为我国高校图书馆的社会服务拓展创新实践提供一定的借鉴。[方法/过程]笔者2016年实地考察美国多所高校图书馆社会服务创新实践活动,走访有关从事过社会服务的图书馆馆员,并在美方馆员的指导下设计基于美高校图书馆联盟的有关社会服务拓展创新实践现状的线上调研问卷。通过分析调查结果,对美国高校图书馆社会服务现状发展、实践创新及运营模式进行总结。[结果/结论]我国高校图书馆社会服务创新发展之路需要关注以下几个方面：注重对不同社会群体的开放;推动图书馆资源开放获取方式的创新;采取多种手段实现资源的共享;拓展图书馆资金的来源渠道;构建适合我国国情的社会服务新模式。     

现代图书馆管理实践的总结——评《图书馆管理理论与实践》

从管理内容的系统性、管理方法的多样性、管理效益的目的性3个方面评述《图书馆管理理论与实践》一书的特点.     

我国情报学学科发展的创新机制及创新领域研究

创新是一个学科良性发展的必然要求。本文主要对情报学学科发展的创新要求和创新任务,创新的动力机制和模型,以及在创新动力作用下的创新领域等方面进行研究     

境外媒介素养教育的理论与实践探究

本文对境外各国与各地区媒介素养教育的理论与实践状况进行了全面梳理,以期为建立具有中国本土化特色的媒介素养教育体系提供参考。     

《阅读疗法理论与实践》一书的策化与创意

介绍了编著《阅读疗法理论与实践》的背景与意义、调研过程与成果展现方式、编写队伍的选定与任务分工和编写计划的实施与进展。     

Is Mojo (En)De-Skilling?

Drawing on Bourdieu’s field theory, this paper examines how the Hindustan Times, one of the leading English dailies in India, integrates mojo (contraction of mobile journalism) into its journalistic practices. Further, this paper explores how journalists respond to the concomitant changes brought about by the adoption of technologised practices in the newsroom. The analysis of qualitative data obtained from participant-observation and in-depth interview reveals that the practice of mojo, which is about learning new apps and tools, producing short videos by and for mobile devices, and disseminating news to digital readers through multiple platforms, emerges as a new rule in the field of journalism. Instead of depending solely on a team of mobile journalists, the newspaper aims to develop capabilities and impart training to journalists across the board in the newsroom. This study also reveals that journalists at the Hindustan Times experienced the practice of mojo as both en-skilling and de-skilling.     

情报学中的不同哲学流派概念理论分析

阐述不同哲学流派的概念理论及其在情报学研究中的体现。认为概念理论全面深入地影响了情报学研究的5大领域：主题分析、知识组织、信息检索、文献计量学和信息素养。论述概念理论对情报学理论创新的重要作用,包括明确情报学研究对象、确定情报学核心领域、规范情报学研究范式和提升情报学理论高度。     

The Relevance of Journalism

The media-saturated nature of everyday life is well acknowledged in current audience research, but the role of journalism for people living in this digitalised environment remains less clear. To provide a better understanding of the role of journalism and news in everyday life, this article states the case for combining two complementary analytical perspectives in cultural audience research that draw on the framework of practice theory. We need to focus on both interpersonal communication practices within social networks and on discursive practices and patterns of how people use the media. Empirically, this article draws on an extensive audience study conducted in Finland, whose findings provide a cause for moderate optimism regarding the sustaining relevance of journalism in people's everyday life in the digital era. Firstly, social networks—both offline and online—constitute a vital structure within which the output of journalism is rendered meaningful by users. Secondly, the discursive practices applied by the participants emphasise the importance of news as a central means of orientation to society and making sense of the political nature of the public world. However, much of this potential remains unknown to journalists because users' activities occur at a distance from journalism and political institutions, which poses a challenge to digital journalism.     

高校图书馆宣传与教学双赢新模式探析

图书馆由于缺乏广告策划的专业知识和专业人才,而学生拥有这样的才能却找不到实践的机会.文章通过广东商学院图书馆这几年在"4·23世界阅读日"活动引进学校的教学实践活动成功做法,说明此举不仅加强了图书馆的宣传力量,又服务了教学,是一种两全其美的教学办馆模式.     

积极探索图书馆知识管理创新的实践路径公共图书馆评估工作浅析

在探讨知识含义、知识管理内涵的基础上,提出了图书馆引入知识管理的价值意义,并详细论述了积极探索图书馆知识管理创新的实践路径。     

图书馆开放创新战略的研究与实践

数字信息环境下,图书馆需要协同外部力量,引入创新元素,推动用户知识创新。国内外图书馆研究人员从众包、创新2.0、阵地服务变革和开放科研等视角探究在图书馆服务和管理体系中引入开放创新战略。在实践领域,在内外图书馆从合作众包、构建协作平台、开放馆藏数据、阵地服务和开放创新项目等方面展开探索。但就目前而言,开放创新战略在图书馆尚处于探索阶段,仍然有诸多问题需要解决。     

“It’s kind of like an assault,you know”: media resisters’ meta-decoding practices of media culture

ABSTRACT

Stuart Hall’s “Encoding/decoding” essay sparked an on-going focus in media studies on reception and audience studies that remains theoretically robust today. Hall’s insight that audience members decode media content in multiple ways, some in line with the dominant cultural ideology and some resistant to that ideology, illuminates the phenomenon of media resistance. Media resisters significantly limit their media consumption and they do so based on their decodings of media culture—decodings, or readings, that resist normative messages about commercialism and consumption, about the natural diffusion and inherent benefits of mobile technologies and social media, and about the political landscape depicted and generated by news media. Hall’s encoding/decoding model is expanded here to include not only audiences’ decodings of specific content, but of media culture broadly. Concerns about media culture in the aggregate lead to media resisters’ practices of limiting media engagement, practices themselves that are counter hegemonic.     

高校图书馆规章创新与实践

高校图书馆的发展有了质的飞跃，规章制度创新的研究应及时跟上，文章结合本馆实际，系统论述了规章创新的必要性、指导思想、原则、体系结构、创新思路、操作步骤、评估标准和规章创新的实践体会。     

The Evolving Journalistic Roles on Social Media: Exploring “Engagement” as Relationship-Building between Journalists and Citizens

ABSTRACT

Scholarly and pragmatic definitions of the term “engagement” vary drastically. This article attempts to capture the nuances of the term by exploring journalists’ roles on social media where “engagement” is supposed to be particularly prevalent. Using in-depth interviews, we gauge the attitudes of traditional political journalists as well as those who think of themselves as “engagement specialists” about their responsibilities in interactive spaces. In addition, we analyze what kinds of engagement are happening in these spaces, and how citizens’ expectations are being articulated, in terms of journalist-audience relationship—an organic resultant of engagement. We found that journalists are taking on new kinds of roles in social spaces—often in the name of “engagement”—but that work is not always particularly interactive with citizens; rather, content is engaged with. In contrast, citizens look to journalists to play a number of roles that range from civic guide to therapist. Thus, relationship building happens sporadically. Furthermore, engagement level is dependent on the platform and its affordances. This research offers a continuum of social media engagement conceived as relationship building that can reconcile the disparities in how we define engagement, and suggests newsrooms appreciate the nuances via a series of recommendations.     

美国公共图书馆开展创客教育的实践与启示

[目的/意义]美国公共图书馆是最早开展创客教育的图书馆之一,具有丰富的创客教育实践经验,对其现状进行梳理和总结,以期为我国公共图书馆开展创客教育提供借鉴。[方法/过程]通过对美国州府所在地公共图书馆开展创客教育的实践情况进行调研,总结其特点,在此基础上对我国公共图书馆开展创客教育提出建议。[结果/结论]指出我国公共图书馆创客教育实施应出台指导文件,规范创客教育;加强联合建设,多方位推进创客教育;关注弱势群体,促进教育的公平性;建设多元师资队伍,提升馆员素养;开发特色主题活动,促进阅读推广;关注人文因素,体现社会关怀。