共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The protection of copyrights in the music industry has been of paramount concern as the popularity of digital music players,
personal websites, and file-sharing continues to grow, each of which subsequently contributes to the persistence of Internet
music piracy. While the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) links file-sharing to copyright piracy, others argue
that file-sharing allows maximum exposure of artists’ music which in turn increases its value. While this debate continues,
little empirical research has specifically addressed the behavioral aspects of the consumer. In this paper, we use survey
data on university students to study how attitudes toward copyright law along with economic and demographic factors affect
the extent of music copyright violations. We find that while students are responsive to economic incentives and perceptions
of risk, the extent of these incentives has not reversed the overall propensity to engage in file-sharing.
相似文献
Djeto AssaneEmail: |
2.
Philip Mirowski 《Minerva》2008,46(3):317-342
Although the push to get universities to accumulate IP by commercializing their scientific research was a conscious movement,
dealing with the blowback in the form of contracts over the transfer of research tools and inputs, called materials transfer
agreements (MTAs), was greeted by universities as an afterthought. Faculty often regarded them as an irritant, and TTOs were
not much more welcoming. One reason universities could initially ignore the obvious connection between the pursuit of patents
and the prior promulgation of MTAs was a legalistic distinction made between intellectual property and contract law, which
of course is of direct concern to a lawyer, but should be less compelling for anyone trying to understand the big picture
surrounding the commercialization of academic science. However, as a subset of scientists were increasingly drawn into the
commercial sphere, they tended to attach MTAs to research inputs requested by other academics; and this began a tidal wave
of MTAs which shows no sign of abating. Furthermore, many IP-related restrictions have been loaded into individual MTAs, including
the stipulation that the existence and content of MTAs themselves be treated as secret and proprietary. The paper closes by
looking at recent arguments that the growth of MTAs has not actually harmed the research process, and rejects them.
相似文献
Philip MirowskiEmail: |
3.
Edgeir Benum 《Minerva》2007,45(4):365-387
This essay explores how the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Norway became linked into a
science policy discourse that radiated throughout the developed world. Despite political differences, this discourse changed
forever the expectations by which Norway’s universities and its fundamental research institutions were to operate.
相似文献
Edgeir BenumEmail: |
4.
Andrea Bonaccorsi 《Minerva》2008,46(3):285-315
The article addresses the issue of dynamics of science, in particular of new sciences born in twentieth century and developed
after the Second World War (information science, materials science, life science). The article develops the notion of search
regime as an abstract characterization of dynamic patterns, based on three dimensions: the rate of growth, the degree of internal
diversity of science and the associated dynamics (convergent vs. proliferating), and the nature of complementarity. The article
offers a conceptual discussion for the argument that new sciences follow a different pattern than established sciences and
presents preliminary evidence drawn from original data in particle physics, computer science and nanoscience.
相似文献
Andrea BonaccorsiEmail: |
5.
For academic administrators, the management of research remains a matter more of hope than expectation. It has proved particularly
difficult to measure quality. Managers typically view research as an ‹asset’. This essay argues that it is more useful to
view research and its management as ‹process’, and explores the implications of doing so for managers and researchers alike.
相似文献
Paul H. J. HendriksEmail: |
6.
Maria Rentetzi 《Minerva》2008,46(4):437-462
A fierce debate ensued after the announcement in 1913 in the U.S.A. that all rights and ownership of radium-bearing ores found
on public land would be reserved by the government. At stake was the State monopolization of radium that pitted powerful industrialists
with radium claims, mainly in the Colorado area, against the Bureau of Mines and prestigious physicians who wished to reserve
radium for medical uses. This article describes the strategies of one of the biggest U.S. radium industries that dominated
the radium market, created huge customer bases, and legitimized their role within the scientific community. In contrast to
the European “radium situation,” radium extraction, production, and marketing in the United States was controlled by the industry;
and industrial in-house research was clearly separate from that done in academic circles. The production of knowledge was
ready-made in the factory and was entangled with commercial orders and advertising patterns.
相似文献
Maria RentetziEmail: |
7.
Isabelle Laboulais 《Minerva》2008,46(1):17-36
The revolutionary period in France marked a turning point in the history of the profession of mining engineering and its relation
to the State. This essay outlines the changing requirements of the revolutionary government, and describes the ways in which
the State and its engineering professionals responded to the challenge of combining science and practice.
相似文献
Isabelle LaboulaisEmail: |
8.
This essay describes China’s participation in international science organizations during the past two decades. It argues that,
whilst progress has been made, serious problems remain. It concludes that increased attention to communication and exchange,
and the creation of a favourable international image in science and technology are important priorities for China.
相似文献
Ang XuEmail: |
9.
Mario Coccia 《Minerva》2009,47(1):31-50
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nature of bureaucratization within public research bodies and its relationship
to scientific performance, focusing on an Italian case-study. The main finding is that the bureaucratization of the research
sector has two dimensions: public research labs have academic bureaucratization since researchers spend an increasing part
of their time in administrative matters (i.e., preparing grant applications, managing grants/projects, and so on); whereas
universities mainly have administrative bureaucratization generated by the increase over time of administrative staff in comparison
with researchers and faculty. In addition, I show that research units with higher bureaucratization have lower scientific
performance.
相似文献
Mario CocciaEmail: |
10.
Abigail Woods 《Minerva》2009,47(2):195-216
Most histories of livestock disease in Britain treat the development of control policy as a government responsibility, to
which farmers made little constructive contribution. Similarly, farmers rarely appear in accounts of disease research. This
paper uses the example of contagious abortion (brucellosis) at the turn of the twentieth century to reveal that state-farming
collaboration in research and policy did in fact occur, and that it operated in various ways, with often unexpected outcomes.
The collaborative approach to contagious abortion is partly attributed to its clinical and epidemiological features, which
made it an unsuitable candidate for the existing, state-led policy of stamping out disease. It is claimed that such collaboration
has been overlooked by historians on account of their focus upon diseases that were amenable to stamping out. This focus needs
to change if history is to inform present-day disease governance in Britain, which is founded on the concept of ‘partnership’
between farmers and the state.
相似文献
Abigail WoodsEmail: |
11.
Peder Anker 《Minerva》2007,45(4):417-434
Buckminster Fuller’s experiences in the Navy became a model for his ecological design projects and suggestions for the global
management of ‘Spaceship Earth’. Inspired by technocratic ideas of the 1930s, Fuller envisaged, in the 1970s, an elitist world
without politics, in which designers were at the helm, steering the planet out of its environmental crises.
相似文献
Peder AnkerEmail: |
12.
Matthew Stanley 《Minerva》2008,46(2):181-194
This paper argues that that political context of British science popularization in the inter-war period was intimately tied
to contemporary debates about religion and science. A leading science popularizer, the Quaker astronomer A.S. Eddington, and
one of his opponents, the materialist Chapman Cohen, are examined in detail to show the intertwined nature of science, philosophy,
religion, and politics.
Matthew Stanley is associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University. He conducts research on the history of the physical sciences as well as the history of science and religion. 相似文献
Matthew StanleyEmail: |
Matthew Stanley is associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University. He conducts research on the history of the physical sciences as well as the history of science and religion. 相似文献
13.
Governments often see it as their responsibility to support cultural life and at times spend a significant amount of resources
in the pursuit of this goal. The present article analyses whether and how municipalities influence each other in this decision
to spend resources on the arts (using data on local government cultural spending in 304 Flemish municipalities in 2002). Following
‘central place theory’, the focal point of the analysis is the idea that––especially for cultural expenditures––large municipalities
(and, specifically, ‘central places’) may affect their neighbours’ behaviour differently than small municipalities. The empirical
analysis supports this idea. Indeed, we show that Flemish municipalities’ cultural spending is generally positively affected
by that in neighbouring municipalities. This pattern is, however, significantly more complex for municipalities neighbouring
the 13 largest Flemish cities.
相似文献
Benny Geys (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
Despite the lack of a clear definition of the concept, “cultural diversity” has remained a core issue for more than a decade
(WTO, UNESCO, etc.). The aim of this paper is to begin to fill this gap. We argue that cultural diversity is a multi-dimensional
concept and that accurate metrics must rely on three criteria: variety, balance and disparity. We also stress that supplied
and consumed diversity have to be distinguished. We apply this set of multiple measures of diversity to publishing data for
France over the period 1990–2003. Our main result is that the situation of the publishing industry in terms of cultural diversity
is highly dependent on the dimension considered. Hence, diversity increases when variety is the sole consideration, whereas
taking balance or disparity into account leads to the opposite conclusion. This issue raises a series of questions about the
use of diversity measures in a policy debate concerned with furthering cultural diversity.
相似文献
Stéphanie PeltierEmail: |
15.
Laurel Smith-Doerr 《Minerva》2008,46(1):1-16
Many graduate programmes in science now require courses in ethics. However, little is known about their reception or use.
Using websites and interviews, this essay examines ethics requirements in the field of biosciences in three countries (the
United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Italy) between 2000 and 2005. Evidence suggests that current policies may
be ineffective, and that scientists who take ethical issues seriously are seen as exceptional.
相似文献
Laurel Smith-DoerrEmail: |
16.
Gerda Gemser Martine Van Oostrum Mark A. A. M. Leenders 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2007,31(1):43-63
Critics and their reviews can play an important role in consumer decision making in general, and film choice in particular.
In this study, we propose that consumers of art house movies are being led by film reviews when making a film choice (influence
effect), whereas consumers of mainstream movies are hypothesized to rely mainly on other sources of information. Thus, in
the latter case the review does not influence the moviegoer, but may still be a reflection of the ultimate success of the
movie (predictor effect). Using the Dutch film industry as our empirical setting, we study the effects of reviews on the opening
weekend and on the cumulative box office revenue. Our research shows that the number and size of film reviews in Dutch newspapers
directly influence the behavior of the art-movie-going public in their film choice. The number and size of film reviews of
mainstream movies, on the other hand, only predict movie performance.
相似文献
Gerda GemserEmail: |
17.
Chiara Verbano Karen Venturini Giorgio Petroni Anna Nosella 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2008,32(1):3-34
Given the limited number of studies on this topic, the aim of this study is to better understand the characteristics of art
restoration firms in Italy, with particular reference to their use of innovative technologies such as laser technology. The
paper is supported by a survey conducted in a sample of 100 companies. The factors that have led firms to adopt or resist
the adoption of the laser were identified and analysed. The results show that the main determinants of laser adoption are
collaborative activities between the firms and universities and specific requests made by public institutions to use this
technology.
相似文献
Chiara VerbanoEmail: |
18.
Jason Potts Stuart Cunningham John Hartley Paul Ormerod 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2008,32(3):167-185
We propose a new definition of the creative industries in terms of social network markets. The extant definition of the creative
industries is based on an industrial classification that proceeds in terms of the creative nature of inputs and the intellectual
property nature of outputs. We propose, instead, a new market-based definition in terms of the extent to which both demand
and supply operate in complex social networks. We review and critique the standard creative industries definitions and explain
why we believe a market-based social network definition offers analytic advance. We discuss some empirical, analytic and policy
implications of this new definition.
相似文献
Jason PottsEmail: |
19.
Michael Hutter Christian Knebel Gunnar Pietzner Maren Schäfer 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2007,31(4):247-261
The article tests a couple of hypotheses relating to markets where demand is not taken as a given, but subject to sophisticated
and encompassing price-building strategies. The study uses a data set that provides quoted dealer prices for medium-sized
works of 100 leading visual artists from 1970 to 2004. These data are compared with auction price results for works by the
same artists. The study reports significant discrepancies with respect to the relationship between the age of artists and
prices paid for their works in the two markets, and with respect to general price developments in the two markets as measured
by indices.
相似文献
Michael HutterEmail: |
20.
Christiane Hellmanzik 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2009,33(3):201-232
This paper is based on a global sample of the 214 most prominent modern visual artists born 1850–1945. Two analytical methods
are used to analyse the age at which artists produce their best works—one based on year-of-birth cohorts of modern visual
artists and the other on stylistic groups. The cohort-analysis shows that the career patterns develop similarly over time
for artists working in the USA and Europe; over time the artists’ peak ages first increase, reach their maximum for artists
born between 1890 and 1909, and then decrease again. The study of stylistic groups shows that artists associated with Fauvism,
the Nabis and Post-Impressionism experience an early peak, whereas artists associated with Surrealism, Impressionism, Abstract
Expressionism, Art Informel, Pop Art, Expressionism and Cubism peak later in their careers.
相似文献
Christiane HellmanzikEmail: |