有机分子中碳原子杂化轨道指数的简单计算

有机分子中 ,许多碳原子的杂化不是简单的等性杂化 ,而是不等性杂化 ,因此杂化轨道指数不都是整数 ,而可能是非整数 .为此 ,对非整数杂化轨道指数进行了简单计算     

浅析不等性杂化

在《无机化学》的轨道杂化理论教学中,学生常常对不等性杂化概念模糊不清。目前国内某些《无机化学》教科书对不等性杂化的定义似乎太偏面。例如“凡是由于杂化轨道中有不参加成键的孤对电子的存在,而造成不完全等同的杂化轨道,这种轨道叫不等性杂化、”“不等性杂化是考虑孤电子对参加了杂化得到性质不完全等同的杂化轨道。”把不等性杂化范围限于杂化轨道中含有孤电子对的例子。     

原子轨道的能级差对最优杂化轨道的形成影响

对分子中的中心原子的最优杂化轨道概念,进行了分析和讨论;对中心原子本身固有的原子轨道能级,主要是用于形成杂化轨道的价电子轨道能级,对形成最优杂化轨道的影响,进行了研究.并且证明,形成杂化轨道的原子轨道的能级差越大,较高能级的原子轨道在杂化轨道的杂化指数中的比例就越小.用这一观点,可对目前在阐释一些分子的空间结构问题时所采用的模糊观点,得出较清晰的结论.     

SP~(ni)不等性杂化轨道波函数构造法

所谓杂化,是指单中心原子能量相近的原子轨道的线性组合。原子轨道重新组合定向后形成在方向和形状上都和原轨道不同的具有较大成键能力的新轨道——杂化轨道。仅有ns和np轨道参与的杂化称S—P杂化,以SP~(n_i)表示。n_i第Ⅰ个杂化轨道中P轨道的杂化指数,n_i为正整数时,称等性杂化(SP、SP~2、SP~3),n_i为正的非整数时,为不等性杂化。对于等性杂化轨道波函数构造已有专著介绍,本文就不等性杂化轨道波函数构造(主要讨论NH_3分型分子中心原子的不等性杂化),结合自己的研究体会,作一简单介绍。     

论私有制观念的第四种表现形态

本文对“杂化观念”的含义、存在依据、模型及变化规律作了深入的探讨，并在此基础上阐述了研究这一问题的意义，提出了“杂化观念”是社会主义时期私有制观念的第四种表现形态的新论点。     

从C的sp2杂化开启全新的碳世界

高中化学课程关于杂化轨道理论较为抽象,需要适当进行知识拓展,文章推荐了一个关于此部分教学的中学化学课堂拓展活动——“从C的sp2杂化开启全新的碳世界”。     

杂说“杂”

语文教学应该“杂”。社会科学的文、史、哲;自然科学的数、理、化、天、地、生无一不是靠语言文字来表达的。作为工具课的语文教学应该包罗万象,囊括“一切”,绝不仅仅是语言文学。“杂”,是语文教学的固有规律,古往今来,语文教学都杂收各家之长,博采诸家之道。语文教学不应该怕“杂”。     

人的神化与神的人化──《周颂》、《九歌》比较

《九歌》主要祭自然神,《周颂》祭神化之祖;《九歌》“民神杂揉”,《周颂》“民神不杂”;《九歌》祭神以免祸,《周颂》祭祖以祈福、“继序”、“续古”;《九歌》以歌舞情爱来娱神,《周颂》较重于物质供奉。     

配合物MLn中心形成体的σ轨道杂化

现代价键理论中的杂化轨道理论是无机化学教材中的一个重要内容.Pauling将杂化轨道理论应用于配合物中以解释配合物的空间结构及其稳定性,形成了配合物的杂化轨道理论。该理论认为:在中心形成体M与配位体L键合形成配合物MLn的过程中,M的空轨道要进行“杂化”,即以对称性相同,能量相近的原子轨道重新混合或线性组合,形成一组具有一定取向,能量相等的新的轨道波函数——杂化轨道。由于杂化轨道的电子云在某方向上的分布更集中,这就使中心形成体的空轨道与具有非键电子对的配位原子价轨道之间有更大程度的重叠,从而增强了成键能力,使配合物更稳定。     

等电子体与杂化类型的判断方法

“物质结构号陛质”作为新课标课程选考模块,在考试说明中对“等电子原理”、“杂化轨道理论”考点是这样描述的：了解“等电子原理”的含义,能结合实例说明“等电子原理”的应用;     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.