板茗荷在三疣梭子蟹和锯缘青蟹体上的附着及种群特征

研究舟山海域三疣梭子蟹和香港海域锯缘青蟹、三疣梭子蟹体上附着的板茗荷,发现舟山海域三疣梭子蟹体上只有蟹板茗荷附着,而香港海域三疣梭子蟹体上附着的板茗荷有心板茗荷、角板茗荷和蟹板茗荷,锯缘青蟹体上仅附着有心板茗荷.板茗荷主要附着于蟹步足的侧鳃、螯肢的关节鳃及第三颚足的关节鳃上,且全附着于鳃的腹面,第三颚足关节鳃上的板茗荷附着量最大.附着于三疣梭子蟹的角板茗荷种群年龄组成以春季最简单,秋季最为复杂;体长1～2mm的个体是春、夏、秋三个季度的优势群体,冬季的种群年龄大于其它季度.     

板Ming荷在三疣梭子蟹和锯缘青蟹体上的附着及种群特征

研究舟山海域三疣梭子蟹和香港海域锯缘青蟹、三疣梭子蟹体上附着的板Ming荷，发现舟山海域三疣梭子蟹体上只有蟹板Ming荷附着，而香港海域三疣梭子蟹体上附着的板Ming荷有心板Ming荷、角板Ming荷和解板Ming荷，锯缘青蟹体上仅附着有心板Ming荷。板Ming荷主要附着于蟹步足的侧鳃、螯肢的关节鳃及第三颚足的关节鳃上，且全附着于鳃的腹面，第三鄂足关节鳃上的板Ming荷附着量最大。随着于三疣梭子蟹的角板Ming荷种群年龄组成以克季最简单，秋季最为复杂；体长1－2mm的个体是春、夏、秋三个季度的优热群体，冬季的种群年龄大于其它季度。     

默然耕耘二十载尽在蟹业写春秋——中国科学院海洋研究所崔朝霞研究员“三疣梭子蟹育种的遗传学基础”成果展示

三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）广泛分布于我国从北到南包括渤海、黄海、东海和南海等各沿海区域,是深受大众喜爱的高档水产品。近年来,我国的三疣梭子蟹养殖业发展迅速,已形成规模,但同时带来了种质、资源、环境及病害等诸多问题。由于对其遗传背景的了解较少,特别是其育种遗传基础理论的匮乏,无法制定或采取有效的措施来解决三疣梭子蟹养殖种质退化、     

参黄散对术后肠动力障碍大鼠胃肠功能、血清Ghrelin水平及其小肠平滑肌受体表达的影响

目的:探讨参黄散对术后肠动力障碍大鼠胃肠功能、血清Ghrelin水平及其平滑肌受体表达的影响。方法:将SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、参黄散组,GHSR拮抗剂组,每组再随机分为造模后6、12、24、48、72 h和1周组,每组6只。GHSR拮抗剂组于造模前30 min以1μmol·kg-1剂量给予[D-Lys3]-GHRP-6腹腔注射。参黄散组和GHSR拮抗剂组造模后参黄散外敷大鼠的脾俞和肾俞,而假手术组(仅行剖腹探查术)和模型组造模后使用等量细沙包外敷脾俞和肾俞。各组于造模后6、12、24、48、72 h和1周时间点观察大鼠胃肠道传输几何均数和血清Ghrelin水平,另取造模后72 h各组大鼠10 cm上段空肠测定小肠平滑肌细胞Ghrelin受体(GHS-R1a)的表达。结果:与假手术组相比,模型组血清Ghrelin水平和胃肠道传输几何均数在造模后6、12、24、48和72 h时间点均降低(P0.05,P0.01);在24、48、72 h时间点参黄散组较模型组血清Ghrelin水平和胃肠道传输几何均数明显增加(P0.05,P0.01),较GHSR拮抗剂组胃肠道传输几何均数明显增加(P0.01);在12、24、48和72 h时间点参黄散组血清Ghrelin水平与胃肠道传输几何均数的变化呈显著性正相关,r1(P0.01)。造模后72 h,模型组、GHSR拮抗剂组、参黄组和假手术组小肠平滑肌细胞GHS-R1a表达量逐渐增多。结论:参黄散具有显著促进术后肠动力障碍大鼠胃肠道传输功能,其作用机制可能与促进Ghrelin分泌和增加GHS-R1a表达有关。     

聚丙烯酰胺对水生生物的毒性研究

目的:研究聚丙烯酰胺对藻类、滤食性浮游动物及鱼类的毒性影响。方法:使用丙烯酸及丙烯酸酯类物质分别对不同水生生物进行半静止的96 h或48 h急性毒性试验。结果:丙烯酸对斜生栅藻半抑制质量浓度(IC50)为61.5±10.6 mg/L;丙烯酸对大型蚤48 h半效应质量浓度(EC50)分别为134.5±13.5mg/L和127.3+15.6 mg/L;丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯对斑马鱼半致死质量浓度(LC50)分别为14.8+2.1 mg/L、15.79+2.2 mg/L和18.5+2.7 mg/L。结论:研究得出的丙烯酸对水生生物急性毒性实验结果表明聚丙烯酰胺在溶液中超过一定浓度时对水生物及水生态系统有显著影响。     

EPO对全脑缺血后低氧诱导因子1α及存活素表达的调节

[目的]研究促红细胞生成素对全脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺氧诱导因子1α和凋亡相关蛋白存活素的调节,探讨其抗凋亡的可能机制。[方法]将成年雄性SD大鼠75只按随机数字表法分为全脑缺血组（n=35）和全脑缺血EPO干预组（n=35）,然后按再灌注时间不同又分为6h、12h、24h、48h、72h、5d和7d七个亚组。采用改良的Pu刘lsineli 4-VO法制作全脑缺血大鼠模型。应用TUNEL染色检测再灌注后不同时间点海马CA1区的神经元凋亡水平,免疫组织化学方法检测再灌注后不同时间点海马CA1区缺氧诱导因子1α和存活素表达水平的变化。[结果]全脑缺血EPO干预组24h至7d亚组TUNEL阳性神经元计数分别为1.50±0.73、3.14±0.88、5.78±1.03、7.78±1.79、10.34±1.82.与全脑缺血组相应时间点亚组相比明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。全脑缺血EPO干预组48h至5d亚组HIF-1α表达阳性细胞计数分别为11.26±0.02、20.28±2.03、3.33±0.04,与全脑缺血组相应时间点亚组相比明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.全脑缺血EPO干预组24h至5d亚组survivin蛋白表达阳性细胞计数分别为12.21±1.04、16.34±4.02、24.33±3.03、30.52±5.04,与全脑缺血组相应时间点亚组相比明显增高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]在全脑缺血急性期,EPO抑制HIF-1α的表达而使存活素表达升高,具有一定的神经保护作用.     

SVM回归法在西太平洋热带气旋路径预报中的应用研究

经过相关分析,提取影响热带气旋路径的气候学和持续性因子,然后分别采用支持向量机(SVM)和逐步回归方法建立西太平洋地区24,、48、72、96、120 h热带气旋路径中期预报模型.通过对2006-2010年的试报,结果表明:支持向量机回归模型无论在历史样本拟合的精度上还是在实际预报的能力上都优于逐步回归模型,而且这种优势随着预报时效的延长越来越明显.     

西宁市单站日最高（最低）气温预报方法

本文利用西宁站前一日最低、最高气温实况,以及当日08时、20时EC数值预报产品未来24h、48h、72h850hPa变温资料,结合西宁市海拔高、气温日较差大等特点,用相似离度方法制作西宁单站未来24h、48h及72h日最低、最高温度的客观预报,改变了温度预报主要依靠主观判断的现状,此方法有较好的预报能力。     

西宁市单站日最高(最低)气湿预报方法

本文利用西宁站前一日最低、最高气温实况,以及当日08时、20时EC数值预报产品未来24h、48h、72h 850hPa变温资料,结合西宁市海拔高、气温日较差大等特点,用相似离度方法制作西宁单站未来24h、48h及72h日最低、最高温度的客观预报,改变了温度预报主要依靠主观判断的现状,此方法有较好的预报能力.     

阶段运动负荷下调节纤维激酶与BP相关性分析

目的:探讨阶段运动负荷下调节纤维激酶,RPE与BP间的相关性。方法:以40名运动员为研究对象,采用自身对照法,动态调节纤维激酶,RPE与BP测量,观察运动员休息状态下到运动比赛后48h内的动态调节纤维激酶,RPE和BP变化。测定运动员运动结束后0 h,24 h,48 h的血液血清中总胆固醇(TC)与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的动态变化结果。结果:与散打运动前相比,一次运动后,运动员的BP都呈下降趋势,其中舒张压下降的程度更加明显。这种血压下降结果可持续10 h以上,24 h后恢复到运动前水平,运动后TC浓度下降(P0.05),HDL-C浓度上升(P0.05),BP与调节纤维激酶,RPE均无关,运动后24 h,HDL-C浓度持续升高(P0.01),BP受调节纤维激酶影响较大,48 h后,TC浓度恢复正常,HDL-C浓度保持较高,BP受RPE影响较大。结论:阶段运动负荷使人体血脂产生变化,运动对血脂的良好作用可持续48h,推荐3天进行一次运动,调节人体机能。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence