School administration and school reform in Botswana

This paper reports the results of a survey of post-primary school administrators in Botswana, and discusses the implications of the findings for the success of the current program of school reforms. The paper suggests that administrative authority will have to be decentralized and school-level administrators will have to be given additional training if the reforms are to maintain or improve the quality of education in Botswana's schools.     

Inequality and School reform in Bahia,Brazil

This article compares public and community schools in Salvador, the state capital of Bahia, Brazil. Based on quantitative data analysis and qualitative research conducted on-site during three research trips in 2001, 2003 and 2005, the author finds that Brazil’s extreme inequality and the associated concentration of state power in a few hands stand in the way of an effective reform. In 1999, the state of Bahia started to reform its basic education cycle, but the author’s research shows that Bahian elites use access to basic education to defend their inherited privilege. The analysis of community schools further demonstrates that inequality also blocks effective community and parental involvement in school management, as schools tend to distance themselves from neighbourhoods portrayed as poor and black, and thus “dangerous”.     

变革成本视域下的学校变革

学校变革是一个复杂动态的变化过程及结果.学校变革成本是学校在进行变革时所支付的、所有与变革相关资源的价值总和.变革成本视域下.学校变革的直接源动力是为了"获益",学校变革的过程成为成本与收益相比较的动态发展过程,学校变革成本则成为学校变革成果评价的反函数变量.变革成本视域下的学校变革应采取如下策略以提高学校变革实效:遵循"满足利益最大化"的原则.增强学校变革的内动力;建立成本分担机制,顺利推进学校变革进程;遵循"动机与效果、物质成果和精神成果、组织成果和个人成果"相结合原则,完善学校变革成果评价指标体系.     

School reform and transitions in teacher professionalism and identity

In this paper transitions in the operational definitions of professionalism over the last 20 years will be discussed. As a consequence of (imposed) changes in the control of curriculum and assessment and increased measures of public accountability, teachers in most countries now work within cultures in which their careers are ever more dependent upon external definitions of quality, progress and achievement for their success. Although many experienced teachers have maintained their identities, finding room to manoeuvre within a general reduction in their traditional classroom autonomy, the pressure on these and younger colleagues is to comply with competency based agendas. In such cultures, attention to teachers’ identities—arguably central to sustaining motivation, efficacy, commitment, job satisfaction and effectiveness—has been limited.     

Lifelong education in Yugoslavia

Conclusion Notwithstanding the weaknesses noted in theory and practice, tangible results have been achieved in Yugoslavia in the domain and policy of permanent education. Many obstacles stood in the way of this progress and resistance was encountered on various sides to the introduction of lifelong education. This resistance was overcome by the adoption of the Resolution on the Development of Education on an Autonomous Basis which is deeply permeated by the ideas of lifelong education, thus opening broad avenues for its development in Yugoslavia.     

Commentary: School reform,teaching and learning

This commentary on the papers starts with the view that reform policies are additive, layered and unpredictable. Given this nature of reforms, the author suggests certain lessons for policymakers and policy researchers to learn. First, that a theory of learning should underlie policymakers’ implementation decisions. Second, that the multiplicity of reforms may block genuine learning. Third, that understanding the relationship between policy and practice requires an ‘inside‐out’ perspective which takes the changing of educational practice as the central concern rather than the policy environment.     

深化中专学校内部管理体制改革的几点思考

本文从深化人事用工制度改革,实行全员聘任制;建立校内人员的合理流动机制;深化分配制度改革,切实拉开差距;深化后勤体制改革,积极推行后勤社会化四个方面,探讨了深化中专学校内部管理体制改革的有关问题.     

深化中专学校内部管理体制改革的几点思考

本文从深化人事用工制度改革 ,实行全员聘任制 ;建立校内人员的合理流动机制 ;深化分配制度改革 ,切实拉开差距 ;深化后勤体制改革 ,积极推行后勤社会化四个方面 ,探讨了深化中专学校内部管理体制改革的有关问题     

An innovative model for collaborative reform in Elementary School Science Teaching

This article received the Innovations in Teaching Science Teachers award at the 1996 meeting of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science. The award is made possible by Delta Education.This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. TPE-9050015). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.     

信息驱动与学校发展：美国教育改革运动中的绩效责任制

绩效责任制是美国90年代中小学教育改革的主要措施之一。美国民众认为:教育也要做到“物有所值”。公立教育每年要花费数千亿美元的公共税款,公众有理由知道教育经费究竟流向何处?它正在产生一种什么样的结果?教育工作者是否有愧于他们的薪金?孩子在校是否学有所成?绩效责任制意味着对教育结果承担责任。伴随着教育中的