氯气氧化法对丝状菌污泥膨胀的控制研究

为研究利用氧化剂快速控制活性污泥工艺中的丝状菌污泥膨胀问题,本试验以啤酒废水作为底物,利用SBR进行投加氯气来控制丝状菌污泥膨胀的研究。结果表明,氯气在膨胀控制期间投加量宜控制在30mg/L以内,运行7周期膨胀得到控制。此时污泥降解底物能力有所下降,但出水水质并未恶化,出水COD,氨氮和总磷分别为78.3mg/L、3.15 mg/L、0.38 mg/L。pH值是影响氯气氧化作用的重要因素,SVI随环境pH值的增大缓慢上升;运行至第9周期,COD去除率随pH值的增大快速上升。     

玉米植株形态对烟嘧磺隆的敏感性的研究

磺酰脲类除草剂通过抑制乙酰乳酸合成酶的活性而阻断侧链氨基酸、亮氨酸及异亮氨酸的生物合成，影响细胞分裂，使杂草生长逐渐停止而死亡。其杀草谱广，持效期长，但某些品种对作物安全性不高，易使当茬作物受药害。本试验为预测、筛选、培育耐除草剂品种，提高敏感作物的耐药性，提高烟嘧磺隆的使用安全性，扩大其应用范围等提供理论的依据。     

长白山阔叶红松林不同深度森林土壤氧化CH4研究

采集长白山阔叶红松林不同深度土壤,在实验室条件下测定其对高低体积分数CH4的氧化和相关菌群的数量变化。结果表明,土壤氧化CH4的能力随深度变化明显;5 - 1 5cm土层具有最大CH4氧化活性,在 40 0 μL/LCH4体积分数下,此土层干重土壤CH4最大氧化速率可达3.3nmol·h- 1 ·g- 1 ;2 5cm以下土层基本没有CH4氧化活性;因 0 - 5cm土层土壤含有高质量浓度NH 4,抑制了CH4氧化菌的活性,所以此层土壤对CH4吸收能力下降。对微生物数量统计结果显示,5 - 1 0cm土层CH4氧化菌数量最大,CH4氧化菌对林土CH4氧化贡献大,硝化菌的作用很小。     

玉米植株形态对烟嘧磺隆的敏感性的研究

磺酰脲类除草剂通过抑制乙酰乳酸合成酶的活性而阻断侧链氨基酸、亮氨酸及异亮氨酸的生物合成,影响细胞分裂,使杂草生长逐渐停止而死亡。其杀草谱广,持效期长,但某些品种对作物安全性不高,易使当茬作物受药害。本试验为预测、筛选、培育耐除草剂品种,提高敏感作物的耐药性,提高烟嘧磺隆的使用安全性,扩大其应用范围等提供理论的依据。     

负载MoS2的g-C3N4@TiO2材料对莫西沙星的吸附去除效能研究

通过原位生长技术合成了一种新型复合材料g-C_3N_4@TiO_2@MoS_2,采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜、全微孔测定仪等对复合材料的晶型、形貌、比表面积和孔径等进行了系统的表征分析,并考察了该材料对水中莫西沙星的吸附去除效能。结果表明,复合材料的主要晶相为锐钛矿型,MoS_2掺杂增大了比表面积和活性位点有效提高了材料对莫西沙星的吸附性能。当材料的投加量为0.5 g/L时,60 min的吸附去除率达到93.0%。在试验范围内莫西沙星去除率随着材料投加量的增大而增大,但平衡吸附容量逐渐降低。拟二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线对莫西沙星吸附过程的拟合度更好。氢键和π-π电子共轭作用是g-C_3N_4@TiO_2@MoS_2吸附莫西沙星的主要作用力。     

四川边茶提取物对脂肪酸合酶的抑制作用

四川边茶（康砖）是黑茶的一个主要品种，所含茶多酚与绿茶和红茶不同。本研究利用酶动力学方法测定了边茶萃取物对脂肪酸合酶（Fatty Acid Synthase, FAS, E.C. 2.3.1.85）的抑制作用，近几年研究报道该酶是减肥和抑癌的双重潜在靶点。结果表明，边茶萃取物对FAS有可逆和不可逆抑制双重作用，最佳萃取溶剂为50％的乙醇，在常温下5 h即可达到最佳萃取效果。用开水泡茶的方法经两次浸取可提取出近60％的抑制FAS有效物，比绿茶的浸出效率约高1倍，但需较长的浸泡时间。边茶的新茶对脂肪酸合酶的抑制能力并不强，存放数年的边茶抑制能力最好，其后有所下降，但大部分抑制活性可保持20年以上，而30年以上保存期可能会使抑制能力明显下降。边茶提取物与底物乙酰辅酶A和丙二酸单酰辅酶A的竞争性质都是竞争性与非竞争性的混合型；对FAS中的酮酰还原反应的抑制不明显，这说明酮酰还原酶结构域并不是其主要作用位点；这些和绿茶及红茶都有不同。由实验结果分析边茶中的抑制剂不同于红茶和绿茶，可能是茶多酚中的茶褐素，其抑制能力高于儿茶素而接近茶黄素。这些结果表明边茶在减肥、抑癌等方面可能具有良好的应用前景。     

资源型上市公司高管团队激励方式对企业创新效率的影响研究--基于创新价值链和产权性质的考量

本文以2014—2017年沪深A股244家资源型上市公司为研究样本，基于创新价值链分解并测度综合创新效率和两阶段创新效率，利用面板Tobit模型检验高管团队激励方式对创新效率的影响。研究发现：资源型上市公司综合创新效率总体不高，呈逐年下降态势，其高管团队的薪酬激励和控制权激励对综合和各阶段创新效率呈抑制作用，市场竞争激励和声誉激励为促进作用，而晋升激励无显著影响；对于国有上市公司，薪酬激励抑制创新研发效率，但市场竞争激励和声誉激励则能显著推动综合和各阶段创新效率提升，而非国有上市公司则主要表现为薪酬激励和控制权激励的抑制作用。     

淮海经济区工业增长与碳排放异速关系演化及协同机制

【目的】在减污降碳协同增效的背景下,基于异速生长视角揭示工业增长与碳排放的耦合关系对于促进淮海经济区等典型省际边界区域工业低碳发展具有重要意义。【方法】通过构建工业增长-碳排放异速生长模型,以淮海经济区为案例,整合脱钩分析、耦合协调度模型,分析了2000—2020年省际边界区域工业增长与碳排放耦合作用关系时空异质性特征,并运用时空地理加权回归模型解释异速生长的协同机制。【结果】(1)研究期内淮海经济区工业增长与碳排放脱钩关系由弱脱钩演变为强负脱钩,处于脱钩状态的县域呈向徐州、连云港等中心城市外围集中之势。工业增长与碳排放的耦合协调性不断提高,极度及高度耦合协调类县域占比由18.64%提高到83.05%;(2)工业增长-碳排放异速生长指数呈上升—下降—上升—下降变化历程,持续处于碳排放弱扩张阶段;空间上,绝大多数县域工业相对增速高于碳排放,40%以上的县域异速生长类型呈向下演变趋势;(3)技术创新、环境规制、固碳能力等因素对工业增长-碳排放异速关系变化呈正向促进作用且有增强之势。工业化水平、资源型产业占比、省际边界的影响由正向促进转为负向抑制,工业转型及省际边界功能演化是工业碳排放异速关...     

如何防治结核病

结核病是严重危害人类健康的传染病，危害人类已有几千年的历史了。尽管２０世纪５０年代有效的抗结核药物问世以来，结核病疫情在逐渐下降，但结核病仍未能得到有效的控制。近十年来，全球结核病疫情出现了回升趋势，估算全球已有１７亿人感染结核杆菌，约有２０００万结核病人，每年将发生新结核病人９００万人，每年结核病死亡约３００万人，占传染病死亡顺序第一位。我国是世界上２２个结核病高负担国家之一，结核病人数居世界第二位。据２０００年全国结核病流行病学调查，我国现有结核菌感染者４亿人，结核病患者５００万人，其中排菌…     

我国科技期刊SCIE进程的国际对比——基于SCIE 2007—2016年

【目的】 基于SCIE 2007—2016年数据对比分析我国与G7国家及代表性新兴国家科技期刊SCIE进程状况,以了解我国科技期刊SCIE进程的国际对比情况。【方法】 分别在SCIE数据库查询2007—2016年11个国家(美国、英国、德国、法国、日本、意大利、加拿大、印度、韩国、俄罗斯和中国)入选期刊的影响因子、5年影响因子、他引影响因子、可被引文献数、可被引文献占比、影响因子百分位、标准特征因子等,并进行对比分析。【结果】 2007—2016年我国入选SCIE刊数呈明显上升趋势,环比增长速度平均为10.65%,在11个国家中位列第2;期刊年均载文量(Article和Review)仅次于美国、英国和德国,位列第4;刊均载文量呈下降趋势,非可被引文献占比略有增加;刊均影响因子和5年影响因子均呈显著上升趋势,且增长速度最快;影响因子百分位和标准特征因子显示,我国近年SCIE期刊的影响力逐渐增加;影响因子相关自被引率(SCR-IF)值逐年降低,2016年的SCR-IF小于11国均值。【结论】 2007—2016年,我国SCIE期刊数量和影响力均不断扩大,但与SCIE期刊强国的差距仍然巨大。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.