一例大学生完美主义倾向的辅导案例报告

大二学生小辛,女,20周岁。因为思维“神游”,无法集中注意力学习。真实的自己和现实的自己完全不同,无法统一,怀疑自己人格分裂,特别痛苦,抱着最后的希望来求助。通过访谈了解到,小辛的情绪情感长期压抑,有很强的完美主义倾向,始终在追求认可,其思维模式中存在不合理信念。通过三次心理分析和认知治疗。让小辛明白自己性格、认知中的偏颇是其问题的核心原因所在,从而调整认识,促其心理行为的改善。     

ELECTRONIC VERSUS TRADITIONAL STUDENT RATINGS OF INSTRUCTION

At a large university, ratings of faculty infive academic areas were collected from two groups ofstudents using paper-and-pencil and electronic surveyadministration modes. Factor analyses performed on both sets of data showed that the two modesyielded similar factor patterns. A 2 5 MANOVA indicatedthat ratings were significantly influenced by academicarea (p < .001) but not by survey method. A high percentage of students in both groups feltconfident that their ratings were anonymous, thoughanonymity ratings were significantly higher (p <.001) in the paperand-pencil group. Students'satisfaction with the mode of administration wassignificantly higher (p < .01) for the electronicgroup than for the paper-and-pencil group. Overall,results suggest that the electronic survey mode is aviable alternative to the paper-and-pencil mode ofadministration.     

GRAPPLING WITH CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT: THE ORIENTATIONS OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS AND IMPACT OF STUDENT TEACHING

This article describes research conducted to examine 71 preservice teachers' theoretical orientations of classroom management and the impact of student teaching on these orientations as well as their overall views regarding classroom management. Results indicated preservice teachers demonstrated inconsistent beliefs with regard to philosophies of classroom management developed as part of university coursework. Upon completion of student teaching in environments characterized by teacher-centered practices, analyses revealed a shift toward more teacher-centered beliefs and behavior. Conclusions indicate the effects of vicarious and mastery experiences as influential in determining preferred orientations and management techniques cited as relevant within the classroom.     

EDUCATIONISTS AND ACADEMICS: RATINGS OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE INSTRUCTORS

Relationships between student ratings, instructor pedagogical training, subject‐matter preparation in teaching field, and length of teaching experience were examined for community college university transfer instructors. Moderate but statistically signficant relationships were found between pedagogical training, amount of subject‐matter preparation in teaching area, and the rating subscale of Course Organization and Planning. Results indicated that students tend to give higher ratings to instructors with pedagogical training, while instructors with greater amounts of graduate‐level, subject‐matter preparation tend to receive lower ratings.     

MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF STUDENT AND INSTRUCTOR/COURSE CHARACTERISTICS ON STUDENT RATINGS

Multilevel SEM was used to examine the extent to which student, instructor, and course characteristics affect student ratings. Data were gathered from 1867 students enrolled in 117 courses at a large teacher training college in Israel. Four alternative two-level models that differ in only the nature of the relationship among interest in the course subject, expected grade, and student ratings were tested. Two of the models were judged as less appropriate, one because it failed to support the spurious relationship assumed between expected grade and student ratings, and the other on grounds of poor model-data fit. The other two models were equally good both in terms of the model-data fit and the amount of variance in student ratings that is accounted for by each of them. Both models supported the mediation effect of expected grade in the relationship between interest in the course subject and student ratings.     

COLLEGE AND THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS

In 1970 teachers in 39 schools reported how they organized their classrooms. Seven years later teachers in these same schools were invited to take part in a follow‐up survey. The results showed that no dramatic shifts in classroom organizational policy had occurred. Overall there was no evidence of further innovation nor of a swing back to traditional methods. However, there were a number of small changes which hinted at various subtle shifts and counterbalances in teachers' organizational strategies.     

大学生成就动机及其影响因素分析

提高创新能力是高等教育质量保障的关键所在,但是目前提高大学生创新能力的主要做法均强调外部环境的改善而忽视对个体内在心理机制的分析。本文以创造力投资理论为依据,对影响大学生创新能力的重要内在因素——成就动机进行了调查和分析,并认为成就动机已经成为制约我国大学生创新能力的短板。     

湖州师范学院医学院

湖州师范学院是一所全日制普通本科高等学校,学校学科门类齐全,涵盖文学、理学、工学、教育学、经济学、医学等10大学科门类,现有11个下属学院,医学院是其中之一。医学院组建以来,根据建设综合性本科院校的定位与规划,充分利用学校的综合资源优势,加强建     

HIDDEN CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY COLLEGE TEACHERS

This article explores faculty viewpoints, values, and behavior regarding faculty student interaction in and outside of the classroom.

The research is qualitative in nature, consisting of systematic observations of five effective community college faculty members interacting with students in the classroom, supplemented with open‐ended interviews of faculty.

The results of the study validate earlier research on effective college teaching and suggest additional “hidden characteristics” that help to explain why some professors are particularly effective. These characteristics are significant in that they have not been previously reported. Attention is shifted away from just looking at a teacher's command of the subject, organizational skills, and rapport with students. Characteristics such as charisma and altruism also come into consideration, bringing forth the concept of teacher as messiah.

For these faculty, teaching is more than an occupation; it's a dedication to leave the world a better place, an opportunity to make a difference in another's life, a chance to enhance one's own life.     

NATIONAL STUDY OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNITY COLLEGE TEACHERS

Three major urban community college districts replicated a study of very effective teachers originally conducted at the City Colleges of Chicago. Researchers at the cooperating institutions identified teachers who had outstanding reputations and whose students achieved'at very high levels. Intensive interviews revealed four common attributes of the ninety teachers involved in the original and replication studies. The teachers plan and organize goals, they show respect and interest in their students, they encourage student participation, and they monitor student progress and respond accordingly. The excellent teachers in this study are exceptionally dedicated and hard working. Many of the techniques that they use can be successfully used by other teachers who would like to improve their own teaching.     

REPORTED VOICE DIFFICULTIES IN STUDENT TEACHERS: A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

ABSTRACT:  As professional voice users, teachers are particularly at risk of abusing their voices and developing voice disorders during their career. In spite of this, attention paid to voice care in the initial training and further professional development of teachers is unevenly spread and insufficient. This article describes a questionnaire survey of 171 trainee teachers at the end of their Postgraduate Certificate in Education year that included the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) ( Jacobson et al., 1997 ). The survey aimed to identify the prevalence and types of voice problems experienced by students during their teaching practice and to relate these to previous history and to the area of the curriculum they were teaching. The analysis suggests that over a third of trainees suffer from voice difficulties on teaching practice and that one student in 12 was classified as having a moderate handicap as defined by the VHI. Trends of symptoms particular to individual curricular areas appear to be a fruitful area for further study.     

THE SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL AND VALUE JUDGEMENTS OF STUDENT TEACHERS

Various experiments have been devised to gauge the relationship between extroversion and introversion towards academic performance. A review of these investigations reveals that overall extroverts do better on more ambiguous tasks in loosely structured learning situations whereas introverts are more successful in closely guided sequences of learning. The administration and procedure of one programme given to 145 first‐year mixed comprehensive pupils is described in detail. Analysis of the post‐test scores revealed a significant difference between ability levels and a significant interaction between methods of instruction and extroversion, thus confirming earlier findings. That the success of extroverts and introverts in school learning situations is related to the methods of instruction used argues for the possibility of adapting teaching methods to different kinds of pupils.     

STUDENT RATINGS OF TERTIARY COURSES FOR ‘ALTERNATIVE CALENDAR’ PURPOSES

Surveys of student opinion of tertiary courses often constitute a major source of information for prospective students. Yet the reliability and validity of such surveys have not previously been investigated. In this paper, data from a survey of some 20,000 individual ratings of 224 undergraduate courses were analysed. The purpose was to explore the relationship between students’ ratings and the characteristics of their courses. It was found that these ratings were stable and significantly related to the academic area of the course, the size of class, the percentage of full‐time students, the academic year of the course, and the grades awarded in the course. Implications for the validity of such ratings are then discussed.