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1.
J. Patrick Biddix Patricia A. Somers Joseph L. Polman 《Innovative Higher Education》2009,34(3):133-147
Using a case study approach, the authors examine the democratic and civic engagement learning outcomes of a campus protest.
The conceptual framework is built on the ideas outlined in Learning Reconsidered (Keeling 2004) and modeled in its pragmatic follow-up, Learning Reconsidered 2 (Keeling 2006). Results suggest student and campus administrator actions during a campus protest support democratic aims, student development,
and digital age democracy. Recommendations for campus educators are included. This study extends previous discussion on activism’s
journey from detrimental to developmental (Astin 1999; Chambers & Phelps 1993; Hamrick 1998; Hunter 1988) by mapping the learning environment through the interaction of protestor and university and by incorporating new forms of
activism.
J. Patrick Biddix received his Ph.D. in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies with specialization in Higher Education from the University
of Missouri–St. Louis. He is currently Assistant Professor of Higher Education and Research Methodology in the Department
of Curriculum, Leadership, and Technology at Valdosta State University. His primary research interests include college student
uses of technology outside the classroom, career pathways in student affairs, and research methodology.
Patricia A. Somers received her Ph.D. in Educational Administration with specialization in Higher Education from the University of New Orleans.
She is currently an Associate Professor of Higher Education at the University of Texas at Austin. Her primary research interests
include college access, student persistence, student development theory, and two-year colleges.
Joseph L. Polman received his Ph.D. in Learning Sciences from Northwestern University. He is currently an Associate Professor of Educational
Technology in the Division of Teaching and Learning at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. His primary research interests
include inquiry-based learning involving computers and the Internet as tools, viewed from a sociocultural perspective. 相似文献
2.
Joan Abbott-Chapman 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2011,38(1):57-71
Research studies of post-school education and training conducted in Australia and internationally have revealed a mosaic of students’ education and employment experiences, with a multiplicity of nonlinear pathways. These tend to be more fragmentary
for disadvantaged students, especially those of low socio-economic background, rural students, and mature aged students seeking
a ‘second chance’ education. Challenges faced by students in their transitions to higher education are made more complex because
of the intersection of vertical stratification created by institutional and sectoral status hierarchies and segmentation,
especially relating to ‘academic’ and ‘vocational’ education and training, and the horizontal stratification of regional,
rural and remote locations in which students live. If we are to achieve the equity goals set by the Bradley Review (Bradley
et al., Review of Australian Higher Education Final Report, 2008) we need to acknowledge and work with the complex realities of disadvantaged students’ situations, starting at the school
level. Interrelated factors at the individual, community and institutional level which continue to inhibit student take-up
of higher education places are discussed in the context of discursive constructions of ‘disadvantage’ and ‘choice’ in late
modernity. Research highlights the need to facilitate students’ post-school transitions by developing student resilience,
institutional responsiveness and policy reflexivity through transformative education. 相似文献
3.
This study informs public policies regarding the use of subsidized loans as financial aid for community college students.
Using logistic regression, it analyzes the National Center for Education Statistics’ Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS
90/94) data to predict persistence to the second year of college and associate’s degree attainment over five years. During
the period under study, loans did not contribute to higher persistence and attainment rates. Loans are observed to have a
negative effect on persistence and no effect on degree attainment. Estimates of the interaction effects of borrowing and income
status are insignificant but demonstrate the need for further testing. The findings are attributed to a combination of the
high uncertainty of degree completion among community college students and the negative affective component of indebtedness.
Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the American Education Finance Association Annual Meeting (Austin, Texas,
March, 2000) and at the AIR Forum (Cincinnati, Ohio, May 2000). It has also appeared as a working paper of the Institute for
Higher Education Law and Governance at the University of Houston, Texas (IHELG Monograph 01–07).This paper is based upon work
supported by the Association for Institutional Research, the National Center for Education Statistics and the National Science
Foundation under Association for Institutional Research Grant No. 99-128-0. 相似文献
4.
Universities should be developing female middle-managers for reasons of gender balance (Aitkin in The Last Boilerhouse Address,
Canberra University 2001), the skills shortage, pending mass retirements (Chesterman in Not doable jobs?’ Exploring senior women’s attitudes to leadership
roles in universities. Women’s Higher Education Network Conference, Bolton, 2004) and sustainable, post-bureaucratic organizations (Kira and Forslin in J Organ Change Manage 21(1): 76–91, 2008). Investigating the learning and development of women managers is timely. Research assumes that women in academe have the
qualifications, experience and skills for management. Is this the case? The paper provides the first national demographic
and development profile of women middle-managers in academic and the research-neglected administrative streams in Australian
universities, with a sample of 342 women (46% response rate). Age is a particularly notable demographic with the majority
of academics within 5–10 years of retirement. Nearly 60% of academics experienced few current development opportunities and
their discipline-based qualifications did not prepare them for management. However, a greater number of administrative managers
received relevant preparatory training. Once in their current management roles women experienced markedly fewer development
opportunities. If higher education institutions are learning organizations, continuous learning should be evident (Watkins
in Adv Dev Hum Res 7(3): 414, 2005). Our research shows this is far from the case. 相似文献
5.
Cassie Quigley Khemmawadee Pongsanon Valarie L. Akerson 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2010,21(7):887-907
There have been substantial reform efforts in science education to improve students’ understandings of science and its processes
and provide continual support for students becoming scientifically literate (American Association for the Advancement of Science
in Benchmarks for science literacy, Oxford University Press, New York, 1993; National Research Council in Mathematics and science education around the world, National Academy Press, Washington DC,
1996; National Science Teachers Association in NSTA position statement 2000). Despite previous research, it is still unclear whether young children are actually developmentally ready to conceptualize
the ideas that are recommended in the reforms (Akerson V, Volrich M (2006) Journal of Research and Science Teaching, 43, 377–394). The purpose of this study was to explore how explicit-reflective
instruction could improve young students’ understanding of NOS. During an informal education setting, the authors taught NOS
aspects using explicit-reflective instruction. Overall the students participating in the program improved their understanding
of the target aspects of NOS through use of explicit reflective instruction. However, the levels of improvement varied across
different aspects. Students improved the most in their understanding of the tentative nature of science and the roles of observation
in scientific work, although there was still some confusion regarding the distinction between observation and inference. More
work needs to be done exploring these specific topics and the role explicit reflective practice can play in identifying the
particular problems students have in distinguishing these constructs. 相似文献
6.
7.
Kok-Mun Ng Shannon D. Smith 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》2012,34(1):72-86
This research partially replicated Nilsson and Anderson’s Professional Psychology: Research and Practice (2004) study on training and supervising international students. It investigated the relationships among international counseling
students’ training level, acculturation, supervisory working alliance (SWA), counseling self-efficacy (COSE), role ambiguity
(RA) and multicultural discussion (MD) in supervision. In the present study (N = 71), two acculturation variables and RA predicted SWA. SWA and MD did not predict COSE, while language use in acculturation
did. Training level differences were only associated with COSE. Findings indicate that supervisors should attend to role ambiguity
and multicultural issues when supervising international students, including acculturation issues and their impact on students’
performance. Results are discussed against Nilsson and Anderson’s original study and the implications for supervision of international
counseling students. 相似文献
8.
Mark H. Salisbury Michael B. Paulsen Ernest T. Pascarella 《Research in higher education》2011,52(2):123-150
Despite substantial efforts across postsecondary education to increase minority participation in study abroad, the homogeneity
of study abroad participants remains largely unchanged (Dessoff in Int Educ 15(2):20–27, 2006; Shih in , 2009). This study applies an adaptation of an integrated student choice model (Perna in Higher education: Handbook of theory and
research, 2006; Salisbury et al. in Research in Higher Education 50:119–143, 2009) to identify differences between white and minority (African-American, Hispanic, and Asian-American) students across measures
of human, financial, social, and cultural capital previously shown to influence aspirations to study abroad (Salisbury et
al.). Analysis of data from 6,828 students at 53 institutions participating in the Wabash National Study on Liberal Arts Education
suggests numerous differences between racial groups with considerable implications for institutions, scholars, and policymakers. 相似文献
9.
Engaging Undergraduate Students in Research Activities: Are Research Universities Doing a Better Job? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Engaging undergraduate students in research activities has been advocated as an innovative strategy to improve American higher
education (Boyer Commission, Reinventing undergraduate education: A blueprint for America’s research universities. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Stony Brook, NY, 1998). This study compared the frequency of undergraduate
student research experiences at different types of colleges and universities from the early 1990s through 2004. The results
indicate that the frequency of student research experiences increased since 1998 at all types of institutions and that students
at research universities were not more likely than their counterparts elsewhere to have such experiences. The findings were
consistent across major fields. To live up to their claims, research universities must find additional ways to involve undergraduates
in research with faculty members.
Shouping Hu is Associate Professor of Higher Education at Florida State University. He received his M.S. degree in Economics and Ph.D.
in Higher Education from Indiana University. His research and scholarship focuses on postsecondary access and persistence,
college student experience, and higher education finance.
George D. Kuh is Chancellor’s Professor of Higher Education and Director of the Center for Postsecondary Research at Indiana University
Bloomington. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on the quality of undergraduate
education.
Joy Gaston Gayles is Associate Professor in Adult and Higher Education at North Carolina State University. She received her Bachelor’s degree
from Shaw University, Master’s degree from Auburn University, and Ph.D. in Higher Education from The Ohio State University.
Her research focuses on college student learning and development. 相似文献
10.
The present study aims to analyse the complex relationships between the relevant constructs of students’ demographic background,
perceptions, learning patterns and (proxy measures of) learning outcomes in order to delineate the possible direct, indirect,
or spurious effects among them. The analytical methodology is substantively framed against the studies of Richardson (British
Journal of Educational Psychology 76:867–893, 2006, Higher Education 54:385–416, 2007) that utilised a regression-based methodology to infer the possible causal relationships among the relevant learning constructs.
A composite research instrument, written in Chinese and derived from the Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS) and the Course
Experience Questionnaire (CEQ), was used to collect students’ feedback on their perceptions of the learning environment and
their learning patterns. Valid responses were obtained from 1,572 students studying at six institutions in the post-secondary
education sector in Hong Kong, a new response-context for both the CEQ and the ILS. In adapting the research instruments to
a new Chinese response-context, the findings are generally consistent with those reported in other published works (e.g. no
relationship between students’ demographic background and their satisfaction with the programme, and a significant relationship
between students’ exhibition of undirected learning patterns and low expected performance), but there are also some noteworthy
discrepancies. The findings therefore buttress the confidence with which an ILS-based General Theoretical Model of student
learning, adapted from Richardson (British Journal of Educational Psychology 76:867–893, 2006, Higher Education 54:385–416, 2007), may be used to conceptualise and interpret the dynamics of variation across different cultural response-contexts. While
the CEQ provides some valuable complementary insights, it is an instrument that requires further development in the response-context
of the present study. 相似文献
11.
Karin Scager Sanne F. Akkerman Fried Keesen M. Tim Mainhard Albert Pilot Theo Wubbels 《Higher Education》2012,64(1):19-39
Universities in many countries increasingly value talent, and do so by developing special honors programs for their top students.
The selection process for these programs often relies on the students’ prior achievements in school. Research has shown, however,
that school grades do not sufficiently predict academic success. According to Renzulli’s (1986) three-ring model, student characteristics relating to intelligence, motivation and creativity are the most important predictors
of excellent achievements in professional life. In this paper, we will investigate whether honors students differ from non-honors
students in terms of these characteristics. By means of a questionnaire, more than 1,100 honors and non-honors students at
Utrecht University were asked to assess themselves on six characteristics: intelligence, creative thinking, openness to experience,
the desire to learn, persistence, and the drive to excel. The results showed that the honors students differed significantly
from the non-honors students in terms of the combined variables as well as for the separate variables, with the exception
of ‘persistence’. The strongest distinguishing factors between honors and non-honors students appeared to be the desire to
learn, the drive to excel and creativity, whilst there was little difference in terms of intelligence and persistence. However,
the profiles of these differences varied according to the study program. While Law and Humanities honors students differed
from their non-honors peers in terms of their drive to excel, Physics honors students were primarily more eager to learn than
their non-honors peers, while the LA&S honors students scored higher on creative thinking than non-honors students. 相似文献
12.
Elisabetta Robotti 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2012,80(3):433-450
In the field of human cognition, language plays a special role that is connected directly to thinking and mental development (e.g., Vygotsky, 1938). Thanks to “verbal thought”, language allows humans to go beyond the limits of immediately perceived information, to form concepts and solve complex problems (Luria, 1975). So, it appears language can be studied as a cognitive process (Chomsky, 1975). In this investigation, I study language as a means for making the cognitive process explicit. In particular, I analyze the role of the verbalization produced by pairs of students solving a plane geometry problem. The basic idea of my research is that, during the resolution process of a plane geometry problem, natural language can play roles beyond that of communication: Natural language can be seen as a tool for supporting students’ cognitive processes (Robotti, 2008), and, at the same time, it can also be seen as a researchers’ tool which allows us to shed light on the evolution of students’ cognitive processes. With regard to language as researchers’ tool, I show how natural language (in our case, students’ verbalization during resolution of a plane geometry problem) can be used by the researcher to make explicit, to study, and to describe the development of the students’ cognitive processes during the resolution process. To this end, I present a model I have developed that allows us to identify, in students’ verbalization, different phases of their cognitive processes. 相似文献
13.
Cassie Quigley Khemmawadee Pongsanon Valarie L. Akerson 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2011,22(2):129-149
There have been substantial reform efforts in science education to improve students’ understandings of science and its processes
and provide continual support for students becoming scientifically literate (AAAS, Benchmarks for science literacy, Oxford
University Press, New York, 1993; NRC, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1996; NSTA, NSTA position statement: The nature of science, , 2000). Despite previous research, it is still unclear whether young children are actually developmentally ready to conceptualize
the ideas that are recommended in the reforms (Akerson and Volrich, J Res Sci Teach 43:377–394, 2006). The purpose of this study was to explore how explicit-reflective instruction could improve young students’ understanding
of NOS. During an informal education setting, the authors taught NOS aspects using explicit-reflective instruction. Overall
the students participating in the program improved their understanding of the target aspects of NOS through use of explicit
reflective instruction. However, the levels of improvement varied across different aspects. Students improved the most in
their understanding of the tentative nature of science and the roles of observation in scientific work, although there was
still some confusion regarding the distinction between observation and inference. More work needs to be done exploring these
specific topics and the role explicit reflective practice can play in identifying the particular problems students have in
distinguishing these constructs. 相似文献
14.
Using data from the College Student Experience Questionnaire research program between 1998 and 2004, this study examined the effects of student engagement in inquiry-oriented activities
on a range of self-reported college outcomes. The results indicate that (1) engaging in inquiry-oriented activities has significant
and positive effects on a global measure of gains; (2) engagement has positive effects on some college outcomes but negative
effects on others; (3) the effects of inquiry-oriented activities are conditional, with some students benefiting more than
others. This study reveals the complexity of the influences of inquiry-oriented activities on college students and points
to implications for institutional policies and programs that may be effective in fostering desired college outcomes.
Shouping Hu is Associate Professor of Higher Education at Florida State University. He received his M.S. degree in Economics and Ph.D.
in Higher Education from Indiana University. His research and scholarship focuses on college access and success, student engagement,
and higher education finance. His contact information is 113 Stone Building, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306.
George D. Kuh is Chancellor’s Professor of Higher Education and Director of the Center for Postsecondary Research at Indiana University
Bloomington. He received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Iowa. His research focuses on the quality of undergraduate
education.
Shaoqing Li is a senior research analyst in the Office of Institutional Research at Florida A&M University. She received her M.S. degree
in Computer Science and Ph.D. in Instructional Systems Technology from Indiana University. Her expertise includes information
technologies, learning theories, and institutional research. 相似文献
15.
Matthew Inglis Juan Pablo Mejia-Ramos Adrian Simpson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2007,66(1):3-21
In recent years several mathematics education researchers have attempted to analyse students’ arguments using a restricted
form of Toulmin’s [The Uses of Argument, Cambridge University Press, UK, 1958] argumentation scheme. In this paper we report data from task-based interviews conducted with highly talented postgraduate
mathematics students, and argue that a superior categorisation of genuine mathematical argumentation is provided by the use
of Toulmin’s full scheme. In particular, we suggest that modal qualifiers play an important and previously unrecognised role
in mathematical argumentation, and that one of the goals of instruction should be to develop students’ abilities to appropriately
match up warrant-types with modal qualifiers. 相似文献
16.
This study considers the case of a tutor whose students repeatedly evidenced significantly superior critical thinking in summative
assessment. For the purpose of surfacing appropriate pedagogical action to promote critical thinking (Bassey, Case Study Research
in Educational Settings, 1999), the singularity of one tutor’s reported pedagogical practice was explored through focus-group discussion. Qualitative analysis
of the data, theoretically informed by phenomenography, suggested that the tutor’s reported practice, when compared with that
of two peers, revealed clear pedagogical intentions to be necessary for teaching critical thinking; and that these intentions
can be explained through the literatures on epistemic activity, metacognitive regulative behaviour and student-centred learning.
It is argued that a synthesised understanding of the literature that explores the nature and purpose of critical thinking
—as outlined in the first part of this paper—is a prerequisite for constructing domain-specific pedagogical intentions for
developing learners’ critical thinking, and that it is this extensive psychologically informed knowledge base which attenuates
the risk of educationally important aspects of learning being overlooked. (De Corte, Learning and Instruction 10:249–266,
2000). 相似文献
17.
Using data from the 2008 University of California Undergraduate Experience Survey, we show that study time and academic conscientiousness
were lower among students in humanities and social science majors than among students in science and engineering majors. Analytical
and critical thinking experiences were no more evident among humanities and social sciences majors than among science and
engineering majors. All three academically beneficial experiences were, however, strongly related to participation in class
and interaction with instructors, and participation was more common among humanities and social sciences students than among
science and engineering students. Bok’s (Our underachieving colleges: A candid look at how much students learn and why they should be learning more. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006) influential discussion of “underachievement’ in undergraduate education focused on institutional performance. Our findings
indicate that future discussions should take into account differences among disciplinary categories and majors as well. 相似文献
18.
Magda Rocha 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2012,27(1):77-90
The departing point of this study is the theoretical framework of “Making the Match project” (Evers and Rush in Management
Learning 27:275–299, 1996) about how to develop a common language among stakeholders regarding transferable skills. Thus, the paper examines the impact
of demographic variables (age and gender) and developmental dimensions (Career adaptability and Vocational development) in
the representations of transferable skills construction within a Portuguese sample of first-year college students (Vocational
developmental variables are part of career construction theory; Savickas 2001, 2002, 2005, Journal of Vocational Behavior 75:239–250, 2009), a theoretical framework that significantly supports the notion that the acquisition of transferable skills is one of the
consequences of vocational tasks’ resolution. Results suggested that career adaptability seems to be the most robust predictor
for the transferable skills’ groups advanced by Evers and colleagues, followed by career development, and, finally, age and
gender as a block. Results are discussed in the light of the two aforementioned main frameworks. 相似文献
19.
Life in the Hive: Supporting Inquiry into Complexity Within the Zone of Proximal Development 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Joshua A. Danish Kylie Peppler David Phelps DiAnna Washington 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(5):454-467
Research into students’ understanding of complex systems typically ignores young children because of misinterpretations of
young children’s competencies. Furthermore, studies that do recognize young children’s competencies tend to focus on what
children can do in isolation. As an alternative, we propose an approach to designing for young children that is grounded in
the notion of the Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky 1978) and leverages Activity Theory to design learning environments. In order to highlight the benefits of this approach, we describe
our process for using Activity Theory to inform the design of new software and curricula in a way that is productive for young
children to learn concepts that we might have previously considered to be “developmentally inappropriate”. As an illuminative
example, we then present a discussion of the design of the BeeSign simulation software and accompanying curriculum which specifically
designed from an Activity Theory perspective to engage young children in learning about complex systems (Danish 2009a, b). Furthermore, to illustrate the benefits of this approach, we will present findings from a new study where 40 first- and
second-grade students participated in the BeeSign curriculum to learn about how honeybees collect nectar from a complex systems
perspective. We conclude with some practical suggestions for how such an approach to using Activity Theory for research and
design might be adopted by other science educators and designers. 相似文献
20.
We know that metacognitive students are successful in school (Sternberg Instructional Science 26:127–140, 1998). However, despite the recognition of the role of metacognition in student success, limited research has been done to explore
teachers’ explicit awareness of their metacognition and their ability to think about, talk about, and write about their thinking
(Zohar Teaching and Teacher Education 15:413-429, 1999). Therefore, the current study investigates teachers’ understanding of metacognition and their pedagogical understanding
of metacognition, and the nature of what it means to teach students to be metacognitive. One hundred-five graduate students
in education participated in this study. The data analysis results, using mixed research method, suggest that the participant’s
metacognitive knowledge had a significant impact on his/her pedagogical understanding of metacognition. The results revealed
that teachers who have a rich understanding of metacognition report that teaching students to be metacognitive requires a
complex understanding of both the concept of metacognition and metacognitive thinking strategies. 相似文献