基于“湖泊效应”的“城市群效应”初探

利用"湖泊效应"中湖泊与其周围环境中水分、空气等气候要素之间的相互关系理论,分析区域发展中城市群的形成、发展演化及其与周围相邻区域之间在资源、资金、人力、技术等方面的动态关联性.通过分析可知:区域发展过程中出现的城市群及其对周围区域的影响类似于自然现象中的湖泊及"湖泊效应",从而提出"城市群效应":城市群在形成之后与其周围区域在资金、人才、技术、信息等经济社会要素方面进行着流通和循环,并以此促进自身及周围区域经济社会的发展.     

光子隧道效应与电子隧道效应的比较研究

采用多层膜理论的菲涅尔矩阵系数法导出光子隧道信息的计算公式,并对电子隧道信息进行了光学方法的推导,得到了与量子力学中电子隧道效应一致的公式.此外,比较了光子隧道效应与电子隧道效应的异同.     

The placebo effect

We discuss the placebo effect and its role in masking the effects of a drug. That is why every allopathic drug on the market has to pass through a placebo-controlled trial. Homeopathy is based on an unscientific premise and, not surprisingly, no homeopathic drug has successfully undergone such a trial.     

涟漪效应

一天,一位大师正在乡间路上行走。突然,一个面色凝重的年轻人走了过来。"在这么美丽的日子里,你为什么闷闷不乐呢?"大师问道。"美丽的日子?我可没发现。"年轻人转过身子,看了一下四周的环境说。这一切,大师都看在眼里,他继续行走:"如果你愿意的话,跟我来。"大师走到一个寂静的小池塘边,     

含镀层薄膜中的尺寸效应和包辛格效应研究

为了研究界面与位错相互作用对材料塑性行为的影响,建立了基于位错机制的晶体塑性理论。通过引入描述位错运动的微观平衡方程和几何必需位错对塑性变形的2种硬化机制,模拟了含镀层薄膜中的尺寸效应和包辛格效应。结果表明:镀层会引起附近位错的塞积,塞积的位错会增强硬化从而产生尺寸效应,并且在卸载过程中不均匀的应力分布会使得局部较早地产生反向塑性变形,引起包辛格效应。另一方面,通过将应力-应变曲线与实验结果对比发现,硬化主要是由位错相互作用产生的背应力引起的而不是滑移阻力。     

初探光电效应和康普顿效应的同一性和差异性

本文结合经典力学、量子论以及相对论相关知识,对光电效应和康普顿效应相关知识进行探讨,并对光电效应和康普顿效应的统一性和差异差异性进行了认真的分析。     

Course effect vs. teacher effect on students' ratings of teaching competence

The significance of the course effect as well as the teacher effect on the student rating of teaching competence was assessed using analysis of variance. The results show that the significance of the former is quite considerable.     

论预约合同的法律效力

预约合同的法律效力问题一直都是民法学界的争论的焦点,至今无法达成共识.阐述当前存在的关于预约合同法律效力的四种学说观点：“必须磋商说”“应当缔约说”“区分说”和“视为本约说”,综合近年来最高人民法院相继出台的司法解释及法院在实务中对预约合同的实际操作,主张采纳“应当缔约说”,并对其他三种学说进行评价,进一步论证“应当缔约说”具有的正当性与合理性.     

钒的生物学效应

钒 (Ｖａｎａｄｉｕｍ)是一种具有银灰色光泽的金属。1831年由瑞典化学家Ｎ·Ｇ·Ｓｅｆｓｔｒｏｍ由铁矿中发现 ,1869年由英国化学家罗斯科采用氢气还原二氯化钒而制得。钒从 1876年就进入了生命科学的研究领域[1] ,直到 1971年才被确认为生物体必需的微量元素。人体中含钒 5 0～ 2 0 0 μｇ ,10 %的钒以离子形式存在 ,主要贮存于脂肪组织、骨、肝与肾中 ,人每天从食物中摄入钒的量较其他必需元素低 ,为 10～ 60 μｇ .食物中 ,饮料、脂肪、油类、新鲜水果和蔬菜含量最少 ,小于 1.0～ 5 .0ｎｇ/ ｇ ,全麦、海产品、肉类、乳制品一般为 5～ …     

情感与教学效果

教学效果影响着教学质量,判断课堂教学效果的方法也有很多。本文重点研究了教学效果与情感的关系,说明可以通过观察师生的表情对教师教学效果进行评价,为实现基于情感识别技术的教学评价系统提供了理论基础。     

The moderating effect of instructional conceptions on the effect of powerful learning environments

This study aimed at experimentally investigating the moderating role of instructional conceptions on the effectiveness of powerful learning environments (PLE) designed in line with the four-component instructional design model (4C/ID-model). The study also investigated the influence of learning in a 4C/ID PLE on students’ instructional conceptions. To achieve its goal, a study with a one by one by two pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was done. Three functionally equivalent classes of students from three similar (secondary technical) schools were randomly exposed to three different treatments. The participants consisted of 129 (47, 41, 41) students. The treatments were one control group with a regular method of teaching, and two experimental groups: a 4C/ID PLE with ICT, and a 4C/ID PLE without ICT. The instructional conceptions questionnaire was administered both in the pre-and the post-test to assess students’ instructional conceptions. Pre- and post-tests contain retention and transfer items. Technical teachers were trained to implement the interventions. In contrast to expectation, findings show no moderating effects of students’ instructional conceptions on the learning environments. Finally, the results indicate that students’ instructional conceptions positively change after implementation of the three interventions. The theoretical, research, and practical implications of the results for the instructional design and technology community as well as educational practice are discussed.     

How large is the course effect? A note on Romney's course effect vs. teacher effect on students' ratings of teacher competence

Romney (1977) presented data from which he concluded that within student ratings of college instruction, the course that an instructor teaches is as important a determiner of resulting ratings as the instructor himself. Reanalysis of his data indicates that the course effect is actually quite small, a result that is consistent with earlier studies.     

Politics: The education effect

This article explores in some detail published research exploring the associations between aspects of education (knowledge and skill acquisition, attitude formation, credential acquisition, participation in networks and institutions) and political outcomes such as participation, partisan choice and political identity. Correlated effects models, direct effects models, and relative effects models are considered in turn. Particular attention is paid to the relative effects of network position. Some notable gaps in the research literature are identified, notably regarding citizens' understanding of the nature of political processes.     

斐索实验中的多普勒效应

用经典的相对性原理难于解释斐索实验中观察到的干涉条纹的移动。用狭义相对论的速度相加原理考虑多普勒效应，可以使理论与实验符合得更好。通过计算表明，多普勒效应在测定运动媒质中的光速时是很重要的。     

多普勒效应及其应用

在多普勒效应中有多普勒频移产生,并且与波源和观测者的相对运动情况有关,以此为基础讨论了多普勒效应在卫星定位、医学诊断、气象探测中的应用.     

双音化的名词性效应

汉语词类的"名动包含"说和"新动单名双"说对现代汉语的词类面貌有很强的解释力。现代汉语有一大批双音节的动词通过语义的"转指"形成了同形的双音节名词,其中有一些还发生了内部结构的"重新分析"。本文分别描写和讨论了这些现象,认为这都是现代汉语共时系统里"名动包含"和"动单名双"这两个基本事实导致的语法效应,尤其是一些原来为"状中"结构的动词变成"定中"结构的名词,难以用语法关系来解释,双音词名词性的吸引力才是根本解释。最后,附带讨论了古人的"词类意识"问题。     

塞曼效应实验探析

用JWG型微机塞曼效应实验仪研究分析谱线分裂,调节出最佳的光学系统,得到高对比度、清晰可辨的干涉条纹的分裂谱图.利用计算机图像数据处理系统分析所拍摄的高对比度、清晰的π线谱图,测得电子的荷质比为1.759×1011 C/kg,与公认值1.76×1011 C/kg的相对误差为0.029%,与精确测量值1.75881962×1011 C/kg的相对误差为0.38‰.结果表明,高对比度、清晰可辨的分裂谱图不仅直观、准确演示塞曼效应,也极大提高实验结果的精确度.     

制约教学效果的因素浅析

在制约教学效果的众多因素中,教师因素和学生因素是主要因素.教师的教学态度、教学情绪、教学兴趣、教学风格、教学方法和学生的学习态度、学习方法、群体作用,都会程度不同地影响和制约教学效果.     

姆潘巴效应的研究

1963年，坦桑尼亚的马干巴中学三年级的学生姆潘巴经常与同学们一起做冷饮吃，他们总是把鲜牛奶煮沸，加糖，冷却至室温再放入冷冻室．有一次，由于冷冻室空位所剩无几．他等不得牛奶冷却，就将滚烫的牛奶放入冷冻室内．经过一个半小时后，姆潘巴惊奇地发现，他的热牛奶已结成冰块，而其他同学的冷牛奶还是很稠的液体。