散打运动员视觉搜索中眼动的实验研究

利用眼动记录仪记录散打运动员在观看视频动作过程中的眼动数据,发现2组受试者在专项信息加工特征上有显著差异,专家组在对信息部位的注视时间长、注视频数多、注视部位有差异.研究结果是在实验室中获得,受生态效度影响,所获结果还需进一步在实践中加以检验.     

射箭运动员心理训练过程中心率变化的研究

心理训练过程中心率的变化可在一定的程度上反应运动员心理训练进行情况、心理训练方法掌握情况以及心理训练的效果。本文通过对射箭运动员心理训练过程中心率变化的研究，了解不同心理训练内容对运动员心率所产生的影响及规律。     

射箭训练过程中对运动员的情绪调控

体育运动训练中情绪的调控分两个部分，一部分是教练的情绪调控，即训练前，训练中，训练后；另一部分是运动员的调控，主要应从运动员之间学习的内容训练的方法、示范与表情等方面着手进行。本文就训练过程中对射箭运动员的情绪调控谈几点认识。     

射箭训练过程中运动员情绪的调控

体育课中情绪的调控分两个部分,一部分是教师的情绪调控(课前、课中、课后);另一部分是运动员的调控,主要应从运动员之间、学习的内容、教学方法、示范与表情等方面着手进行。     

射箭运动员的训练方法研究

射箭具有悠久的发展史,随着人类社会的不断发展,射箭用于狩猎与战争的功能已经消失,逐渐演化为一种体育竞赛项目。我国是世界上射箭运动的强国之一,涌现出了大量优秀的射箭运动员。近年来,我国加快了青少年运动员的培养力度,旨在促进射箭运动的持续发展,本文仅就射击运动员的训练方法进行简要的研究。     

射箭运动员比赛中最适宜唤醒水平的研究

本文对国内外射箭运动员唤醒方面的研究进行了综述,指出了射箭运动员比赛中最适宜唤醒水平的判定方法和标准,并提出了调控射箭运动员唤醒水平的一些具体手段。     

运动情境中运动员的视觉搜索行为

运动员在运动情境中的视觉搜索反映了运动员的信息加工模式.很多研究结果表明,不同水平运动员在运动情境中的视觉搜索行为是不同的,眼动仪记录的眼动模式成为运动员视觉搜索行为研究中的客观指标.综述了运动情境中有关运动员眼动特点的研究,并对已有研究进行分析,指出眼动方法在研究运动员视觉信息加工中应注意的问题.     

射箭运动员在比赛中常见问题分析

对射箭运动员在比赛中常见的问题进行分析,旨在为射箭运动员在比赛中发挥出较好的技术水平提供参考。     

射箭运动员选材指标的研究

通过检索大量国内外有关射箭运动员选材资料及专家访谈法,从青少年射箭运动员的选材入手,简要讨论少年射箭运动员身体形态、专项素质、专项心理、机能测试等几个方面的选材标准比并筛选出青少年射箭运动员选材的敏感指标,在此基础上制定出相应的选材评价指标体系。以提高射箭运动员选材的科学化水平。     

射箭运动员在不同训练时期血液氨基酸变化的研究

目的：观察射箭运动员在不同运动负荷状态时的血液氨基酸的变化。方法：用高效液相法测定射箭运动员冬训期间不同的训练时期血液中四种氨基酸——门冬氨酸（Asp）、谷氨酸（Glu）、甘氨酸（（Gly）和r-氨基丁酸（GABA）的含量。结果：在进行中等强度训练期和大强度训练期运动后1h血浆中谷氨酸的血浆浓度明显升高（P〈0．01）。而在大强度训练期后明显下降,甚至低于安静值;门冬氨酸在中等强度训练后血浆浓度也升高（P〈0．05）,在疲劳期则呈下降趋势,但仍高于安静值;在进行中等强度训练期和大强度训练期运动1h后血浆中r-氨基丁酸、甘氨酸均上升。大强度训练期明显升高,与训练前期安静值相比有显著意义（P〈0．01）。结论：射箭运动员在长时间大强度大运动量训练后,血液中的氨基酸会发生变化,中枢疲劳可能从血浆氨基酸的变化反映出来。     

全国冠军永富军射箭动作肩部晃动特征运动学分析

采用文献资料法、实验法、数理统计法,以射箭项目全国冠军永富军为研究对象,对其射箭技术动作进行运动学分析,结果表明:双肩在不同方向的晃动程度中右肩在上下方向晃动程度最强,左肩在前后方向晃动程度最弱,且整体上右肩的晃动程度比左肩的晃动程度强。旨在为其成绩的提高提供理论依据。     

新疆射箭运动员运动损伤调查分析

采用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计法,对新疆射箭队部分运动员进行运动损伤调查,掌握射箭训练中运动损伤发生的一般特点,旨在为射箭运动员能够正常训练及减少运动损伤的发生提供理论依据。     

What do we see out of the corner of our eye? The role of visual pivots and gaze anchors in sport

ABSTRACT

The role and importance of peripheral vision have been discussed across various sports. Yet, its functionality remains unclear and the terms employed in the literature to characterize the use of peripheral vision are not well defined. We present a review of 29 studies focusing on the use of peripheral vision in sports. We focus on the methodological approaches employed to study its use and identify the mechanisms that may underlie the effective use of peripheral vision in sport. We define key differences between ‘gaze anchors’ and ‘visual pivots’ and introduce the concept of a ‘foveal spot’. All three gaze behaviors, while being characterized by a consistent, dynamically adjustable gaze location, have different functionalities. A gaze anchor is a cue-optimized position used for the monitoring of peripheral cues and avoiding the negative consequences of saccades (i.e. information suppression), especially under time pressure. A visual pivot is a distance-optimized location between relevant cues which allows athletes to optimally initiate saccades to those cues, especially if the costs of eye-movements are low. A foveal spot is primarily used for information processing via the fovea. Finally, we highlight suggestions for future research to improve our understanding of the functional differences between these gaze behaviors.     

On-target trajectories and the final pull in archery

Abstract

At the end of the aiming phase, an archer pulls the arrow back a little bit before he releases the shot. This pulling back of the arrow is called the “final pull”. Simultaneous with the final pull, the archer has to hold the bow calm. The aim of this paper was to examine the motion of the bow and the final pull in highly skilled archers. From a technological point of view, we wished to develop a system to measure the draw-length in the final pull that could be used during archers’ normal training. Seven archers (two males, five females), all of whom were participants at the Junior World Championships and German National Championships, performed 66 shots indoors at a target 30 m away. Each archer shot the same bow as used in competition. On-target trajectories of the aim point movement were measured. Also, the alterations of the draw-length in the final pull were determined. The results suggest that irregularities in the final pull have a negative influence on archers’ scores. Intra-individually, a smaller range of motion of the bow in the last second before the shot appears to have a positive influence on archers’ scores.     

射击、射箭场所开放条件与技术标准研究

运用特尔菲法、问卷调查法、实地考察和文献资料等方法，从射击、射箭场所开放所需要场地、设施、管理制度的安全性入手，以系统论和ISO9004—2服务质量管理理论为理论基础，结合射击、射箭项目的特点和我国射击、射箭场所的实际情况，构建射击、射箭场所开放标准指标体系的基本框架，制定符合客观实际、切实可行的射击、射箭场所开放条件与技术标准。     

古代射礼与传统武德功能之比较

古代射礼和传统式德在其各自的历史发展之中皆植根于中华传统文化,皆受儒家文化的深刻影响,二者具有文化同源性。本文采用文献资料法、历史实证方法、逻辑评价方法等,运用历史学、文化学、体育学等理论,以古代射礼和传统式德为研究对采。从军事功能、德育教化功能、社会功能三个方面进行了比较研究,将有助于我们对二者的功能有一个全面和清晰的认识。     

同场对抗性项群青少年运动员运动竞赛中攻击性行为的实证研究

在系统分析国内外相关研究的基础上,运用现场观察法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法和数理统计法等对同场对抗性项群青少年运动员进行运动竞赛中发生的种种攻击性行为的动机、原因、影响因素三方面的认知调查,并对同场对抗性项群青少年运动员运动竞赛中攻击性行为的发生机制提出新的观点。     

The influence of sport goggles on visual target detection in female intercollegiate athletes

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of sport goggles on visual target detection in female intercollegiate athletes. Participants were randomly divided into three groups that varied in goggle use (G) or no goggle use (NG) over a total of three 1-min trials during a visual target detection task. The NG-NG-NG group did not wear goggles for any of the trials, whereas the NG-G-NG group wore goggles for the second trial only, and the G-NG-G group wore goggles for the first and third trials. The task consisted of illuminated targets arranged in five concentric rings from central to peripheral visual angles. The effects of sport goggles on response time to detect targets were most evident in the peripheral rings. Those who did not wear sport goggles showed improved performance from the first to second trials. This improvement was impaired, however, in those who wore sport goggles. Moreover, there was a reversal of the performance improvements achieved without goggles in those who wore goggles on the third trial. Together, these findings suggest the sport goggles not only impaired the expected initial performance but also impaired visual target detection after performance improvements were seen. These findings suggest sport goggles may impair detection of peripheral visual stimuli in athletes.