汕头市中小学教师职业生涯发展状况调查及建议

当代人本理念呼唤教师能过上幸福的职业生活,教师的职业生活是多层面的,以职业生涯发展为职业生活模式是教师职业生活其中的一个层面。本文对汕头市部分中小学教师进行调查,试图探寻教师职业生涯发展的现状,并对教师职业生涯管理提出建议。     

Is teacher attrition a poor estimate of the value of teacher education? A Swedish case

Far from all who complete teacher education end up working as teachers throughout their entire career. At first sight the value of teacher education, in terms of efficiency, seems to be a failure. In the present article we argue that teacher attrition, when defined as whether one is working as teacher or not, is a too blunt measure to gauge whether teacher education has been valuable. With a unique dataset, where we have detailed information on 87 Swedish teacher graduates’ working life across 23 years, we can consider whether activities and/or experiences point to an apparent use of teacher education. In conclusion, we find that in order to get informative estimates of its value it is important to consider it from different perspectives and to consider attrition related to the total working time spent in educational settings across a career rather than percentage leaving teaching after a set of years     

Breaking the routine: voluntary inter‐school transition and women teachers' self‐renewal

Teachers' career transitions and their positive as well as negative outcomes were left relatively untouched in the literature and research on education. In an effort to fill in gaps in knowledge, this paper reports the findings of a life story study that explored inter‐school transitions during the career cycle of mid‐career women teachers in Israel. The study aimed at understanding the process of voluntary IST and its association with the teachers' self‐renewal, as well as to unearth contextual and biographical determinants that facilitate this kind of connection in their career cycle. Based on life story interviews with eight primary and secondary teachers, the study provides insight into a positive consequence of the inter‐school transition among mid‐life teachers. In subsequence to the transition, the teachers reported having a sense of greater self‐esteem/image, feeling energy replenishing and enthusiasm and increasing inclination to launch changes and innovations, all of which are elements of the professional's self‐renewal process. Practical implications are suggested.     

Home and Career Development: A Life History of Elia Hill Swann, 1878–1961, with Implications for Counseling

This study is based on a life history of a woman born in 1878 who, at the age of eighteen, left her farm home in an isolated rural area to make a life in an urban career. Her life history parallels and extends our understanding of the experience of modern day women who leave home for careers in distant areas. It is also an example of the experience of women of a rural diaspora. The results identify ways that home and memories of home can support women's career development over the lifespan. The qualitative data analyzed in this study leads to recognition of how home can support the launching as well as reinventing of a career by providing a source of strength for women who are far from home. In addition, a woman's home and reminiscence of home can provide a source of comfort and support during times of emotional or financial hardship. Women who are from outside the mainstream American urban/suburban culture, such as women whose homes are in rural or non-European American areas, need to be prepared for difficulties that can arise while becoming acculturated in a commercial, consumer culture. Finally, implications for counseling are discussed.     

Intergenerational Transfers of Preferences for Science Careers in Comparative Perspective

Using data from 24 countries, which participated in the 2006 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), we examine the relationship between parental science employment and students' career expectations. In contrast to prior PISA-based studies, we find that the link between parental employment and adolescent plans to work in science is non-trivial and merits attention. In this context, we consider three versions of the gender socialisation hypothesis. The strong variant posits that girls' plans are shaped solely by their mothers' career pathways while boys model their expectations exclusively on fathers’ occupations. The weaker version of this hypothesis expects children to be influenced more by the same-sex than by the opposite-sex parent. Finally, the third possibility is that, as egalitarian ideologies prevail, parents inspire adolescent occupational plans regardless of gender. These hypotheses are assessed separately for student career plans related to biology, agriculture and health (BAH) in contrast to computing, engineering and mathematics (CEM), because the involvement in these fields of science is known to be segregated by gender. Using two-level multinomial logit modelling, we find some support for the weak version of the gender socialisation hypothesis. Although within-family transfers of preferences for science careers vary considerably across countries, we note certain regularities. In many nations, relevant paternal employment enhances sons' interest in science careers regardless of their field. In contrast, maternal employment inspires daughters in fewer countries and this influence tends to be limited to careers in BAH. We discuss the possible implications of these findings for science educators.     

基于团体职业生涯辅导的高职“双困生”职业成熟度探析——以闽西职业技术学院为例

职业在个体一生的发展中占有举足轻重的地位,对职业成熟度的研究有利于针对高职生开展职业心理辅导工作。以闽西职业技术学院为例,在高职“双困生”开展积极有效的团体职业生涯辅导能有效提升高职“双困生”的心理健康程度,进而帮助高职“双困生”清晰生涯目标,充分增强自我动机,加强生涯决策能力,切实提升职业成熟度。     

South Dakota's Model for Career and Life Planning

This article provides information about how a rural state manages its resources to deliver a well-coordinated career and life planning system for students in grades 9–12. It provides information on statewide initiatives and programs, resources, and tools, and gives examples of best practices and model programs. Inherent throughout all initiatives and programs is the concept of integrating academic, vocational technical, and employability competencies so that students achieve both academic and occupational skills. It is a comprehensive effort of students, staff, parents, business/industry, and the community to assist individuals in making career and life planning decisions     

Game-based career learning support for youth: effects of playing the Youth@Work game on career adaptability

Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions that youth has to take but many young people find this a hard issue to engage with. Current career counselling practice does not appear very compelling or motivating to young people. Professional games could provide a more engaging and motivating way of acquiring professional awareness and competence for career decision making and learning. We present the design and effects of playing a game that aims to increase career awareness and adaptabilities in youth (13–19 years). In a Randomized Controlled Trial, 93 high school students from Iceland and Romania were asked to carry out career-oriented activities, with half playing an interactive game and the other half performing a paper-and-pencil version of the same activities. The students were compared on career adaptability, career learning and career awareness scores before and after these interventions. Main results show that engaging players in these career-oriented activities has short term effects on outcome scores for career adaptabilities and for perceptions of career learning competences. Students who played the game report significantly faster growth on career adaptabilities that deal with “concern”, “control” and “confidence”. It can therefore be concluded that introducing game-based learning in career decision support for youth is a promising endeavour.     

论基础教育课程的生涯发展特性

普通课程的生涯化与生涯发展课程的普通化促使基础课程呈现出生涯发展的特性。基础教育课程的价值并不仅仅局限于学术的价值和心智的训练,而是要兼顾学生的生活和终身的发展与成长,因此它要求以学术与生涯发展的相互融合,消解当前学习生活与为未来成人生活做准备的二元对立,进而为学生可持续发展、终身幸福与完满生活奠定基础。基础教育课程生涯发展在强化学术以训练学生的心智与行为规范的同时,聚焦于与个人终身职业、休闲、社会与人际关系密切关联的个人适应、社会适应和职业适应。它通过静态的构成要素和动态的操作历程显示出自己的存在价值。     

高中新课程的生涯发展特性

高中新课程在服务学生的现实学习生活、满足学生学习需要的方面承担起为学生的未来生活做准备的责任。因此要求以学术与生涯发展的相互融合来消解当前学习生活与为未来成人生活做准备的二元对立,进而为学生可持续发展、终身幸福与完满生活奠定基础。高中新课程生涯发展聚焦于与个人终身职业、休闲、社会与人际关系密切关联的个人适应、社会适应和职业适应。它通过静态的构成要素和动态的操作历程体现出自己的存在价值。     

Moving Beyond a Deficit Model to Describe and Promote the Career Development of At-Risk Youth

A theoretical framework for understanding the career maturity of diverse groups is needed since the career maturity construct has evolved using white, middle class samples (Cheatham, 1990). Krumboltz holds that career beliefs can be influenced by one's social environment (1991). If career beliefs were related to the career maturity of a diverse group, they could be used to provide a more coherent understanding of the unique social experiences that surround their career maturity. This study examined relationships between the career beliefs and the career maturity of academically at-risk students who were failing core academic courses. Several career beliefs were significantly related to the career maturity of the sample in this study such as the belief that obstacles can be overcome and college/occupation variation. The career beliefs construct appeared to clarify the role that social experiences played on the career maturity of the sample in this study.     

Career development of English female head-teachers: influences,decisions and perceptions

This paper presents findings from a study examining the career development experiences of female head-teachers in the south of England. Adapting a three-stage career model, the study examined different stages of the women’s lives and careers in order to understand what encouraged and influenced them to become educational leaders and how their experiences shaped their perceptions of headship. The study used semi-structured life story interviews to generate rich accounts of women’s lives from childhood. Findings suggest that parents exerted significant influence on the participants’ values and ambitions, while teachers influenced their career choices. Their perceptions of headship developed and changed over time, transforming from feelings of shock at the reality and the complexity of headship to control and confidence that increased over first, second and third headships.     

How Early Is Too Early to Begin Life Career Planning? The Importance of the Elementary School Years

The relationship of early and middle childhood experiences to life career planning is discussed. Life career planning is presented as a life skill beginning in infancy. The authors present five premises on which they have based their discussion: Life career development is a life-long, spiraling process; Life career planning includes a series of sub-skills; Career awareness and career exploration form the foundation for effective life career planning; Idiosyncratic factors influence the decision-making of each person; and Child development theory (e.g., Erikson, Piaget and Vygotsky) and career development theory (e.g., Super and Gottfredson) are interrelated. Implications for practice are included.     

对大学生职业生涯设计的思考

高等学校毕业生就业的市场化改革方向，决定了高校大学生在校期间应尽早进行职业生涯设计．并贯穿到整个大学学习与生活中。大学生进行职业生涯设计，一方面要正确地分析自己，了解自己的兴趣、性格和职业倾向；另一方面要分析社会就业形势和社会对人才的素质要求。通过这些分析。树立自己的职业发展目标和职业理想，并运用科学的方法采取切实可行的步骤和措施，不断增强职业竞争能力，实现自己的人生理想。     

Career Development Among Ethnic and Age Groups of Community College Students

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in career development among four ethnic groups and two age groups of community college students in regard to their career goals, career preparation actions, and the number of job seeking strategies utilized. Data were obtained from the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS: 90/94) of the National Center for Educational Statistics (NOES), U.S. Department of Education. Results suggest that there are statistically significant differences among the ethnic groups in six of the seven career goals; however, there are no significant differences between the traditional and non-traditional age groups in career goals. For career preparation action there are significant differences between the two age groups and also between Black/African American and White/European American students. There is no significant difference among the age or ethnic groups in the number of job seeking strategies utilized. These findings imply that student services providers, such as counselors, should be sensitive to community college students' backgrounds and experiences related to ethnicity and age. Individualized career-related workshops tailored to the career needs of specific student populations should be offered. The function of community colleges as providers of employment preparation can be enhanced by familiarizing students with accurate career information, considering students' ethnic backgrounds and their age.     

Experienced teachers dealing with issues in education: a career perspective

This article reports on a qualitative study on the issues experienced teachers may encounter in everyday teaching practice. Some issues may possibly originate at the beginning of a career and continue to be a struggle during their career. Data were collected among 20 mid- and late career teachers from eight secondary schools. The results showed that at the current moment in their career, respondents of this study particularly recognised three issues: teacher–parent interaction, teaching versus other tasks and private life versus work. Teachers seldom talk about their issues, but more often than not they try to find a solution themselves or put up with the situation.     

Enhancing Career Development Through the Career Success Club

The career development of students, demonstrated by students performing appropriate career developmental tasks, is important to institutions of higher education because career developed students are more likely to have career objectives, persist in their academic goals, gain career-related work experience, find employment in their chosen fields, and graduate. The purpose of this study was to determine if the career development of students by class level had been enhanced by participation in a career management plan specifically prepared for undergraduates. The intervention of a career management plan (i.e., the Career Success Club) was successful, especially for seniors and middles, in enhancing the career development of undergraduates. Career management plans may help students that are academically undecided to become more connected to their majors by focusing more on academic and career matters.     

关于大学生生涯发展和生涯辅导问题的思考

生涯发展问题是大学生常见的困扰与压力。理清大学生生涯的目标与任务,开展生涯辅导工作是提升大学生的生涯发展能力,应对大学生生涯发展问题,促进学生探寻适合自身特点的生活的有效措施。     

高校生涯辅导的新方向——生涯适应力教育

生涯适应力是国外近年来生涯心理学领域的一个研究热点。在结合以萨维科斯为代表的有关生涯适应力研究成果的基础上,我国大学生生涯适应力的提升应采用如下策略,一是将生涯适应力理念贯彻到高校的教学改革中;二是将生涯适应力的培养纳入生涯教育课程中;三是建立一套理念现代化,服务专业化、多元化与个人化的生涯服务体系。