学习贯彻《总体方案》，深入探讨“三改”问题

从基层教师角度探讨《深化新时代教育评价改革总体方案》中“为什么改”“改什么”“怎么改”的“三改”问题。“三改”是改革的基本性问题。为什么改?教育评价改革是中国社会发展的历史必然;改什么?当前最需要改革的是教育评价中的行政化问题;怎么改?让教育评价回归到评价教育科研成果内容本身。     

Growing up in Taiwan: The impact of environmental influences on the math olympians

Thirty-six Math Olympians (34 males and 2 females) served as the subjects in a study that asked two questions: (1) What family and school factors contribute to the development of the math talent of the Olympians? (2) What impact did the Olympiad program have on these mathematically talented students? The data were collected by means of questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews. The major findings were as follows: (1) the Olympians were mostly the first-born child in small families and were “discovered” at an early age; (2) most Olympians ranked high in their class; (3) the SES of the Olympians' families were varied, though the majority were high; (4) the Olympians' family support and learning environment were strong and positive; (5) the Olympiad experiences were, in general, positive for the subjects, especially in learning, forming positive attitudes toward math and science, self-esteem, autonomous learning, and creative problem solving; (6) there were almost no special programs designed for the Olympians during their college years; (7) the degree of computer literacy was varied according to the subject's personal interest and the accessibility to the computer; and (8) most Olympians had not shown special achievement other than math.     

新建地方本科院校教学团队建设研究

本科教育的质量是本科院校生存和发展的基础,是新建地方本科院校的生命。随着1999年以来高校不断扩招,提高教育教学质量是本科院校急需解决的问题。教师团队的教科研水平直接关系到人才培养的质量,如何加强师资队伍建设,促进新建地方本科院校的教学改革,使本科教育的质量和人才培养质量再上一个台阶成了新建地方本科院校直面问题。文章沿着"什么是新建地方本科院校教学团队-教学团队有哪些类型-为什么要建设教学团队-如何建设教学团队-在建设过程中存在哪些问题"的研究思路,探讨新建地方本科院校在教育教学改革过程中所面临的一些现实问题。     

Wie können Ergebnisse der Kompetenzdiagnostik in Forschungsprojekten sinnvoll zurückgemeldet werden?

Reporting on research results to students, teachers and institutions is a big challenge within competence assessment research: students individually have to be given feedback about how they performed, teachers have to be provided with information about their classes, education authorities are interested in actual research results. For feedback being helpful for students, teachers and institutions, the following questions have to be thought of: (1) Who is the feedback given to? What is the aim of the feedback? (2) Which results shall be reported? (3) How should feedback theoretically look like? And (4) how does feedback depend on the given general framework? The given article discusses these questions and offers a “checklist” to research projects with a focus on competence assessment.     

`A historical angle’, a survey of recent literature on the use and value of history in geometrical education

In this article we give a survey of recent literature on the use and value of the history of geometry in mathematics education. It turns out that many authors have contributed to the debate why we should apply history. Their arguments can be divided into conceptual, (multi-) cultural and motivational ones. The number of authors who concentrated on the methodological question “How could we introduce history into mathematics lessons?” is considerably smaller. Those who want to make history an integral part of mathematics education have to bridge the gap between theoretical arguments and practical ideas, and, connected with this,between historians and teachers, and ultimately between mathematicians from the past and present day students. We divided the various surveyed publications, mainly journal articles, into categories according to a framework in order to clarify the discussion on the role of the history of geometry in education. Details about content and purpose of the articles are presented in two appendices, which make the articles more accessible both for further research and for practical teacher purposes.     

Taking an Attention‐Grabbing “Headlines First!” Approach to Engage Students in a Lecture Setting

Let's face it. Traditional lectures do not consistently capture our students’ attention, especially when they are PowerPoint‐driven and lack student/instructor interaction. Most of us have had the unfortunate feeling that our students were not fully engaged in our lectures, despite hours of preparation on our part. This sense of “wasted” investment of time can be especially frustrating for pretenure faculty, who must balance teaching, research, extension and administrative (as well as personal) responsibilities in order to be successful. How can we engage students in our course content, given limited time and resources to prepare lecture material and demonstrations? Active learning strategies are a possibility, but shifting courses from a lecture format to problem‐based learning or a flipped format requires a significant time and effort investment from the instructor. Why not start by making lecture more fun and engaging for our students? Storytelling is an effective and efficient means of getting and maintaining our students’ attention and interest during lecture to drive home key points. The BSCS (Biological Sciences Curriculum Study) 5E Instructional Model provides a conceptual framework that emphasizes the primacy of student engagement in science education (Bybee). Our goal here is to provide practical examples and external references to show how “Headlines First!” storytelling can be used effectively to engage students in the science classroom.     

Invited to academia. Recruited for science or teaching in Education Sciences

In the context of higher education in Sweden, we see how major policy change is forming the field of Education Sciences. This change has promoted an increased focus on competitiveness, while reducing inefficiencies in mass-education. It has given legitimacy to specific recruitment strategies and career paths, but can also explain what determines how career capital is accumulated. The aim of the present study is to describe how academics experience recruitment and positioning processes in their career. How do academics gain career capital and symbolic value in career and use it to gain recognition? The results illustrate three career paths, identified as “the invited”, “the useful” or “the uninvited”. Thus, the present article describes a Matthew effect in recruitment, where young PhD students are positioned early on as either promising researchers, teachers, or as substitutes who are sorted out from both research and education.     

学校道德社会化构成要素研究:进展与困惑

Moral socialization of students consists of five elements: process, subject, agent, content and pattern. This paper discusses the studies of the former three: their progress and perplexities, covering the following puzzles: “Why does the youth socialization take longer time?” “Are there any critical periods in student socialization?” “How do we identify over-socialization?” “Is ‘Education is student-based’ a scientific statement?” “How do we assess the contribution percentages of the four key agents of student socialization?”     

Educational Expectations: How They Differ Around the World: Implications for Teaching ESL College Students

Expectations regarding teacher-student relationships, classroom interactions, testing and evaluation, and academic integrity vary widely around the world. Understanding these differences can be critical to enhancing the academic success of ESL(English as a Second Language) college students. Faculty working with ESL students often ask: “Why won't my students participate more in class?” “Why do my students only repeat back what I've said?” “Why won't they tell me what they think?” “Why don't they ever know what courses they want to take when they come to registration or advisement?” Students often ask: “Why does my professor keep asking me to talk about my personal experiences? We never had to do that in my country. Why is it such a big deal to do that here?” There are a lot of “why's” floating around the campus. This article addresses some of these questions.     

Studying Social Development and Learning Disabilities is Not for the Faint‐Hearted: Comments on the Risk/Resilience Framework

Studying social dimensions of learning disabilities is not for the faint‐hearted, in light of the multiple and interactive characteristics of these students and their social/cultural environments. Given the allure of the risk/resilience lens to make sense of these complexities, it would be easy to embrace these concepts too hastily. Four questions seem particularly important: What do we mean by risk and resilience factors? How do we characterize learning disabilities as risk factors?“At risk” for what? How should this framework guide intervention efforts? Rigorous thinking about these issues may enhance the promise of risk/resilience models for future research on social development.     

Reframing primary curriculum through concepts of place

Australian curricula name “sustainability” as a key priority area with implications for preparing pre-service teachers. In the research that generated this paper, we asked: How can framing teaching through space and place inform pre-service teachers’ pedagogical thinking and practice? In new third year Bachelor of Education (primary) subject Understanding Space and Place, Australian teacher education students shared online responses to focus questions and readings framing education through place, designed and taught a unit of study “beyond the classroom” to children in their professional placements and reflected on changes in their theoretical, philosophical, and curriculum goals. Data from these forum posts were analysed through Somerville’s three “enabling place pedagogy” categories of embodiment, storylines, and cultural contact zones. Many students came to re-imagine their teaching roles and understand how a place pedagogy framework can operate to expand the possibilities of teaching and learning sustainability through creative and embodied place-making experiences in local places.     

Students' understanding of the greenhouse effect,the societal consequences of reducing CO2 emissions and the problem of ozone layer depletion

This study is an attempt to contribute to the growing body of knowledge about students' conceptions and views concerning environmental and natural resource issues. Answers have been sought to the following questions: “How do Swedish students in grade 9 (15–16 years old) and grade 12 (18–19 years old) explain the greenhouse effect?”, “How do they think reduction of CO₂ emission would affect society?” and “How do they explain that the depletion of the ozone layer is a problem?” The method chosen to answer these questions was to give students written tasks of the open‐ended type. Five models of the greenhouse effect appear among the answers, all more or less incomplete, but nevertheless with potential for development. The students' responses also indicate that they do not fully understand what fundamental societal changes would occur as a result of a drastic reduction in CO₂ emission. On the other hand, they are rather well informed about how injurious depletion of the ozone layer is to humans. The findings are discussed, including implications for teaching. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 1096–1111, 2000     

A Tale of Two Test-Specification Strategies

How detailed should we make the specifications for educational tests? What should be the role of sample or “illustrative” items? How does the nature of test specifications impact on the usefulness of that test?     

Privilege,Prejudice, Predicament: “PRC Scholars” in Singapore—An Overview

With the rise of educational mobilities worldwide, students’ experiences of educational sojourn, especially that of the Chinese Mainland students, have come under greater research attention in recent years. Amongst diverse kinds of Chinese students/scholars abroad, this paper focuses on a type that finds themselves in a unique country under equally unique circumstances: Chinese students studying at pre- and undergraduate levels in Singapore under Singapore’s government-sponsored “foreign talent” scholarship schemes. Based on an ethnographic study conducted over a 16-month period in China and Singapore, this paper presents an overview account of these Chinese student-scholars’ sociocultural experiences in Singapore under three headings: (1) privilege—how Singapore’s “foreign talent” policy endows considerable privileges, opportunities, but also responsibilities on these Chinese students; (2) prejudice—how and why these PRC “foreign talents” encounter certain local discourses of discrimination and exclusion; and (3) predicament—how they sometimes experience complex and conflicted feelings about being made Singapore’s “foreign talent.”     

Moral Pluralism and Sex Education

How should common schools in a liberal pluralist society approach sex education in the face of deep disagreement about sexual morality? Should they eschew sex education altogether? Should they narrow its focus to facts about biology, reproduction, and disease prevention? Should they, in addition to providing a broad palette of information about sex, attempt to cover a range of alternative views about sexual morality in a “value‐neutral” manner? Should they seek to impart a “thick” conception of sexual morality, which precisely articulates how individuals should lead their sexual lives? In this essay, Josh Corngold cautions against the adoption of each of these various approaches. He argues that schools should instead adopt an “autonomy‐promoting” approach, which will aim to empower students, cognitively and emotionally, to exercise sovereignty over their own sexuality.     

论技能竞赛在高职院校人才培养中的作用

技能竞赛充分发挥了高职生动手能力强的特点,调动了高职生学习的积极性,以兴趣带动学习,使要我学变为我要学,在这一过程中,专业要有针对性地安排利于学生能力培养的竞赛项目,而老师则应积极引导学生参与这一活动,并且在知识方面和心理方面进行动态指导,及时帮助学生解决遇到的问题。     

Testing and Grading Practices and Opinions of Secondary Teachers of Academic Subjects: Implications for Instruction in Measurement

What are secondary school teachers' views on testing and grading practices? What clusters of opinions can be categorized as ‘flexible,”“opposed to difficult testing,” or “hard-nosed?” How should the use of test results for grading be treated in teacher in-service training programs?     

高职学生创新创业教育体系构建与实践研究——以健康服务类学生为例

从高职院校创新创业教育工作高质量发展的工作目标出发,创建了健康服务类高职院校学生与专业高度融合的课程、讲堂、训练、竞赛和成果孵化“五位一体”的双创教育教学体系;搭建创新、创意、创造、创业“四创融合”的双创支撑平台;构建了校校协同、校地协同、校企协同“三个协同”双创育人机制。把高职院校“五四三”创新创业教育体系构建范式纳入人才培养方案、“双创”大赛育人成绩在省内高职院校有效示范与引领的佳绩进行实证研究,以期给同类学校做实践参考与模式复制。