刘东生院士:灾难性气候是否出现人类负重大责任

<正>未来若干年,灾难性气候会不会出现?地球会进入《后天》那样的冰期吗? 在今天下午举行的中国科协2004年学术年会特邀报告会上,世界环境科学最高奖泰勒奖和国家最高科学技术奖得主刘东生院士指出,在这些问题上,作为地质营力的人类负有重大的责任。他同     

提高教育教学质量关键在教师

教育质量的提高，除了深化教育和管理机制外，与教学方法及教师自身素质也有很大的关联，本文从三方面作了具体化的阐述，说明了教师在教育质量提高方面的关键作用。     

周光召院士:科技界不协调

<正>著名科学家、中国科协主席周光召20日在中国科协2004年学术年会开幕式上直言科技界时弊时说,当前我国科技管理重科技立项和研究基地的硬件建设,轻学风、科学道德和科学精神的倡导,开放流动和学科交叉不易实行,部门分割、行业分割、条块分割仍然严重,造成了资源浪费和低水平重复。     

白春礼院士:21世纪科技发展趋势

<正>21世纪,是科技和理性的世纪,也是创新发展的世纪。面对科技发展新趋势,我们要充分利用全球创新资源,广泛参与双边、多边和全球竞争与合作,大幅度地提升我国科技创新与产业化能力。中国科学院常务副院长、中国科协副主席、中科院院士白春礼今天在中国科协2004年学术年会上纵谈科教兴国。     

Analysis of multiple query reformulations on the web: The interactive information retrieval context

This study examines the facets and patterns of multiple Web query reformulations with a focus on reformulation sequences. Based on IR interaction models, it was presumed that query reformulation is the product of the interaction between the user and the IR system. Query reformulation also reflects the interplay between the surface and deeper levels of user interaction. Query logs were collected from a Web search engine through the selection of search sessions in which users submitted six or more unique queries per session. The final data set was composed of 313 search sessions. Three facets of query reformulation (content, format, and resource) as well as nine sub-facets were derived from the data. In addition, analysis of modification sequences identified eight distinct patterns: specified, generalized, parallel, building-block, dynamic, multitasking, recurrent, and format reformulation. Adapting Saracevic’s stratified model, the authors develop a model of Web query reformulation based on the results of the study. The implications for Web search engine design are finally discussed and the functions of an interactive reformulation tool are suggested.     

Governance for system optimization and system change: The case of urban waste

This paper analyses urban waste systems to explore how local authorities can resolve challenges related to climate change, urbanization and resource depletion. The paper investigates how different public governance regimes affect local authorities’ ability to move upwards in the waste hierarchy. It identifies three different governance regimes – traditional bureaucracy, new public management and networked governance – and uses the insights from innovation in urban waste in three Norwegian city regions – Oslo, Drammen and Bergen – to illuminate how these regimes possess both strengths and weaknesses in how they affect system optimization and system change. The observed working practices signal that the issue of urban waste systems is perceived as a challenge of system optimization rather than system change. Viewing this as a challenge requiring system change would probably have ensured a stronger directionality and a broader anchoring of actors. Such an approach is likely to have arrived at a waste prevention mode earlier than the step-by-step-solutions implemented so far. The paper concludes that there is not one best governance regime, but a need to acknowledge their co-existence and carefully consider the characteristics of the respective regimes in order to arrange urban waste systems for long-term dynamic and sustainable city regions.     

深化体制改革转变政府职能是西藏经济跨越式发展的体制保障

本文立足西藏实际,从大力推进经济体制改革加快转变政府职能,努力建设服务型政府,加强行政区划体制改革等方面着探讨西藏经济跨越式发展。     

城市环境集成监控系统设计

物联网在智能监控领域具有无可比拟的应用优势。针对城市的各种环境问题,如大气污染、水体污染、固体废弃物污染、噪声污染等,随着技术的不断创新和发展,一套集成一体的、便携的城市环境自动监控系统已能够实现。     

基于GPS开发的物流车辆管理平台规划

本文提出了基于GPS开发的物流货运车辆管理平台规划,重点是介绍管理系统的设计思路,指出实际应用拓展方向。     

是谁在歌唱——解析《野草在歌唱》中玛丽的悲剧人生

诺贝尔文学奖获得者多丽丝·莱辛的《野草在歌唱》作为一部经典的反殖民主义小说使她在文学界一举成名。本文试结合莱辛自身经历,从后殖民视角,借用女性“他者”观点和精神分析相关理论．对小说主人公玛丽的三种未完成角色进行解读．提出外部社会背景本身的内部矛盾。和与个体心理之间的外部矛盾使她难以对自身进行身份构建．从而无法在殖民社会中得以生存。莱辛站在白人女性的立场上讽刺了战后白人殖民文化的丑恶本质。