城市水资源的循环经济利用模式及问题分析

城市水资源短缺阻碍了城市社会经济的快速发展,必须改变传统的水资源利用方式,探索城市水资源的循环经济利用模式,促进水资源的重复利用。依据循环经济的3R原则,将城市水资源输入系统的雨水和输出系统的污水确定为发展循环经济的重点,对雨水、生活污水、工业污水的循环经济利用模式进行具体分析,提出循环利用的方法及途径,并对城市水资源循环经济发展模式应注意的问题进行分析,提出相应的建议及解决策略,为城市水资源循环经济模式的推广及应用提供理论依据。     

循环经济发展中的信息协同研究

循环经济发展是一个动态过程,通过信息协同能够实现资源的全方面减量和循环再利用。首先分析信息协同在企业层面、企业共生层面和社会层面循环经济发展中的作用机理,指出信息协同有助于加快实现发展循环经济的社会和环境生态效益;其次构建循环经济发展的信息协同模式,包括循环经济发展的3个层面的信息协同;再次指出循环经济中信息协同的关键点是协同理念和协同技术;最后提出循环经济发展中实施信息协同的3点对策建议。为循环经济的发展提供一个新的视角。     

城市发展循环经济的模式及途径

以城市为研究对象,提出了城市发展循环经济的三种模式,即企业内部资源循环模式、企业之间资源循环模式和城市整体层面资源循环模式,在此基础上,给出了发展城市循环经济的具体途径。最后,对南京市发展循环经济的模式和途径进行了实证分析。     

浅析循环经济发展与公共参与

文章分析了公众参与发展循环经济的必要性和可行性,研究了循环经济发展过程中公众参与的四个层面和具体方式,探讨了公众参与的促进机制,在此基础上提出了四条实现公众参与发展循环经济的途径。     

浅谈循环经济背景下林产工业园区的规划

循环经济工业园区作为转变区域经济发展的一个重要载体,当前逐渐被世界各国所采用,并且受到越来越广泛的关注。而林产工业属于资源依赖性产业,在当今倡导循环经济的时代,对资源进行循环利用是我国林业产业持续发展的有效途径。文章通过分析广西发展循环经济型林业产业园的条件,提出循环经济背景下林产工业园的规划思路。应用循环经济的原理从企业内部清洁生产的微观层面、企业之间产业链规划的中观层面、科学布局各功能区的宏观层面等3个层面对林产工业园进行规划,提高园区各企业、各个环节的资源利用效率,实现资源在区域范围内的大循环,促进林业产业生态化。     

基于减物质化分析的循环经济政策创新研究

国家＂十二五＂规划的制定,为循环经济的深入发展提出了更高的要求,发展循环经济已成为切实转变经济增长方式的具体实践。针对实践中区域循环经济发展水平评价、再生资源的低水平综合利用和循环经济＂不经济＂3个问题,应用减物质化理论和方法,在深刻剖析循环经济核心内涵的基础上,从区域循环经济评价中总量指标的设立,环境压力视角下的再生资源产业发展和基于交易成本分析物质循环利用的行为选择3个方面对循环经济关键问题展开深层次分析,并在此基础上,提出适合我国国情的促进循环经济发展的政策创新方向,以期为推动循环经济的发展提供保障和支持。     

资源的循环特征与循环经济政策

世界经济的持续增长带来的"资源危机"或"资源安全"问题,促使人们寻求资源集约型经济和循环经济的新理念.本文旨从对资源循环特征的分析出发,探讨了资源循环利用与资源产品链之间的相互关系,提出了资源流动、资源循环利用与循环经济理论的科学内涵,指出了发达国家政府实现循环经济的宏观调控政策和手段.作者认为资源之所以能够循环利用是由资源产品链特性所决定的,资源的循环利用具体表现为循环经济活动过程,并通过闭环的资源流动来实现,任何资源都不会成为废物无限期地积累在环境中,而总是处于特定的和永久的循环中,它们的存在形式却在不断地发生变化.资源循环利用是实现循环经济的最重要的手段之一,可以通过"3R"提高资源的利用效率.循环经济理念是基于资源开发技术的创新,是资源利用方式的一种变革.资源循环利用在循环经济活动中具体体现为产业、区域和社会三个重要层面.作者还建议制定和完善有利于资源循环利用的法律体系,优惠的资源再生和回收利用经济政策,充分发挥社会中介组织在资源循环利用方面的积极作用,鼓励社会公众广泛参与并以实际行动加入到资源循环利用活动中来.     

探讨循环经济意义及机制运行的创新方法

循环经济是一种生态经济,是转变经济增长方式,实现经济、资源、环境协调发展的重要途径。深入研究循环经济的理论和大力推进相关机制的建立健全,是发展循环经济的重要任务。该文分析了发展循环经济的重要意义,并结合我国循环经济发展的实际,提出了发展循环经济的基本措施及机制运行的创新方法。     

试论加强我国企业层面的循环经济的法律规制

循环经济是以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心的经济,上升到法律规制的高度对我国经济的发展及资源的开发和再利用都具有深远的意义。而企业作为市场经济中的基本主体,它在循环经济发展中的地位是不可取代的,本文从现状分析入手提出了促进我国企业层面的循环经济的法律规制的建议。     

试论加强我国企业层面的循环经济的法律规制

循环经济是以资源的高效利用和循环利用为核心的经济,上升到法律规制的高度对我国经济的发展及资源的开发和再利用都具有深远的意义。而企业作为市场经济中的基本主体,它在循环经济发展中的地位是不可取代的,本文从现状分析入手提出了促进我国企业层面的循环经济的法律规制的建议。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese