城市水资源的循环经济发展理念及驱动机制分析

城市水资源短缺已经成为制约城市发展的重要因素,如何推行循环经济的发展理念,实现水资源的循环利用,解决水资源的供求矛盾,需从理论和方法方面进行深入分析。通过对城市水资源发展循环经济的3R原则进行探讨,确定城市水资源发展循环经济的概念内涵,分析城市水资源发展循环经济的微观层面、区域层面和社会层面的主要对象及相互联系,提出了3个层面发展循环经济的主要内涵及特点;结合城市水资源循环利用的各种驱动手段,探索城市水资源发展循环经济的直接驱动及间接驱动机制,提出各种驱动机制的协同作用方式,为实现城市水资源的可持续利用提供理论依据。     

水资源循环经济理论与实践研究——以山东省工业用水为例

水资源循环经济改变水资源开发利用管理的传统理念模式,优化社会经济水循环系统结构,维系自然水循环系统健康演化和水资源持续利用。山东省探索水资源循环经济发展模式,形成点、线、面相结合的示范体系。论文从生态系统角度对水资源循环经济进行理论概念阐释和发展意义审视,以工业用水为例分析阐述其发展模式及成效。     

城市雨水资源化的景观学途径及其综合效益评价简

从水资源匮乏和恶化的严峻现实出发,首先梳理了基于水利用范畴的城市发展演变,强调了景观设计在实现城市雨水资源化过程中的重要性。其次,分别从雨水收集利用的源头、传输过程和终端3个方面提出了适合中国城市发展的雨水资源化景观模型。通过小区景观雨水系统分布平面图,清楚直观地展示了屋顶花园、透水铺装、雨水花园、植被浅沟和景观湖的配置,实现了城市雨水从源头、传输到终端的全过程利用。然后,从生态、社会和经济的角度分析了景观雨水系统的综合效益。为了验证城市采用景观学方法后雨水资源化的综合效益,构建了相应的评价指标体系,引入Vague集理论进行有效评价。最后,实证分析结果表明了该方法的有效性,从而为改进城市雨水资源化指明了方向,避免市政雨水工程的盲目无序建设,更好地节约城市水资源,促进生态文明建设。     

城市雨水资源化的景观学途径及其综合效益评价

从水资源匮乏和恶化的严峻现实出发,首先梳理了基于水利用范畴的城市发展演变,强调了景观设计在实现城市雨水资源化过程中的重要性。其次,分别从雨水收集利用的源头、传输过程和终端3个方面提出了适合中国城市发展的雨水资源化景观模型。通过小区景观雨水系统分布平面图,清楚直观地展示了屋顶花园、透水铺装、雨水花园、植被浅沟和景观湖的配置,实现了城市雨水从源头、传输到终端的全过程利用。然后,从生态、社会和经济的角度分析了景观雨水系统的综合效益。为了验证城市采用景观学方法后雨水资源化的综合效益,构建了相应的评价指标体系,引入Vague集理论进行有效评价。最后,实证分析结果表明了该方法的有效性,从而为改进城市雨水资源化指明了方向,避免市政雨水工程的盲目无序建设,更好地节约城市水资源,促进生态文明建设。     

浅谈城市雨水资源再利用

水资源日益短缺,合理开发、利用水资源,保护生态环境,维护人与自然的和谐,已经成为二十一世纪人类共同的使命。如果在城市建设中,注意发展雨水收集和利用工程,既增加了水资源,也是节约自来水的好措施。同时,通过雨水收集利用的广泛开展,由于雨水被留住或回渗地下,减少了排水量,减轻了城市洪水灾害威胁,地下水得以回补,水环境得以改善,生态环境得以修复。对于城市合流制排水管道,会减轻污水处理厂的负荷和减少污水溢流而造成的环境污染。对于分流制排水管道,会减轻市政雨水管网的压力,减轻雨水对河流水体的污染。     

关于河南省雨水再利用的建议

对雨水在利用的方式和方法进行分析,提出河南省雨水再利用的几点建议,达到可实现节水、水资源涵养与保护、控制城市水土流失和水涝、减轻城市排水和处理系统的负荷、减少水污染和改善城市生态环境等目标。     

关于兰州地区城市雨水资源利用问题的探讨

通过介绍兰州的水资源占有情况、城市雨水利用的内涵以及国内外城市雨水利用实例,提出了植被浅沟、雨水花园以及透水路面等雨水利用措施,旨在为兰州雨水资源的回收再利用提出建议。     

城市雨水的开发利用

目前。城市雨水利用系统建设在我国尚在起步阶段,城市雨水的开发与利用不仅可以解决水资源短缺问题,也为水资源可持续发展供一个有效途径。     

浅析城市水域生态系统的可持续发展

一座城市的创建和发展离不开水资源的开发利用,一座城市的生态景观建设更是离不开水.要实现城市水域生态系统的可持续发展,其核心是尽力将雨水及处理后的生活污水循环利用,提高用水效率,建设节水型社会,坚持节流优先、治污为本、多渠道开源的指导原则,达到城市水域生态系统和景观建设的可持续发展.     

城市水生态系统可持续发展评价——以大连市为例

水是城市发展的生命线,维系水生态可持续发展态势对城市健康发展具有重要意义。基于此本文提出一种城市水生态可持续评价指数,并结合自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型对城市水生态可持续发展趋势进行定量评价和预测。该指数融合了水生态足迹和水生态承载力,通过比较分析城市水资源利用模式和污水消纳占用的水资源用地需求,明确城市水资源可持续供需关系。选取大连市进行实证分析,结果表明2001-2011年大连市水生态足迹远高于水生态承载力,处于不可持续发展水平。若维持目前的水资源利用模式,则可预测至2015-2019年大连市水资源生态足迹逐年递增,城市水污染生态足迹整体呈下降趋势。而大连市水资源供给能力若仍维持目前水平,其水生态仍将处于不可持续发展状态。以年均城市水生态承载力与水生态足迹差值估算,尚需13.09亿t水来达到城市水生态供给需求平衡。基于此从优化水资源利用模式和提高水资源供给能力两方面提出维系大连水生态可持续发展的对策和建议。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence