我国科技创新券政策的实践与思考

科技创新券是政府支持科技型中小企业、创新创业团队购买各类科技创新服务的一种权益凭证,主要用于支持科技型中小企业或创新创业团队向科技服务机构购买科技资源和科技创新服务。近年来,我国各地方陆续出台实施了科技创新券政策,以进一步促进科技资源开放共享,推进大众创业万众创新。该文介绍了中国各地实施科技创新券政策的组织管理模式、典型特征和实施成效,分析了科技创新券实施过程中存在的不足,从而切实有效地帮助科技创新券政策在全国范围内推广实施。     

Chapter 3 The haphazard connection: Social science and public policy

This chapter explores the history of social science knowledge utilization in America. Four main functions that social science serves for government officials are discussed. The chapter suggests characteristics for making research more useful for decision makers.     

Cirriculum and assessment innovation in science

Concerns about pupils' underachievement have stimulated various curriculum and assessment innovations in recent years. One such innovation is the British Graded Assessments in Science Project (GASP). Research focusing on the implementation of GASP highlights issues about the process of educational change, and raises the question of whether innovators take into account lessons learned from past innovations. This paper reports on two case studies of GASP implementation, showing the degree to which teachers took on board the philosophy of the scheme. The results show that even volunteer teachers, familiar with GASP, exhibit barriers to change which are well documented in the literature. One conclusion is that those developing and supporting curriculum and assessment innovation should be informed by past experience, and find real ways of helping teachers to make the changes which are required to meet the demands of the innovation. Specializations: assessment, investigations in science, progression in learning science.     

National gender equity and schooling policy in Australia: Struggles for a non-identitarian feminist politics

This paper tracks the development of gender equity and schooling policy in Australia from theNational Policy on the Education of Girls in 1987, to current policy concerns with boys’ educational underperformance. The paper’s key focus is on the ways in which feminist informed equity policy has been undermined by broader imperatives of economic rationalism and anti-feminist discourses. Drawing on Nancy Fraser’s understandings of distributive and cultural gender justice and her notion of a nonidentitarian feminist politics, the paper critically examines the ways in which such imperatives have re-articulated equity and schooling concerns. Through these lenses, the limitations of the affirmative gender binary politics and remedies that have dominated gender and schooling reform in Australia are highlighted. The paper concludes with an illumination of the gender justice spaces currently being mobilised in Australian schools. Such spaces, it is argued, fostered within a context of increasing autonomy and self-management for schools, are providing avenues for creative and disruptive (pro)feminist activism.     

Junior secondary science education in Australia and the reform for public understanding of science: The case of the state of Victoria

Aspiration is currently a prominent concept in higher education policy debates. However, reference to this concept is often made in terms of low socio-economic status (SES) students simply lacking aspiration, which schools and universities must work to instill. In contrast to this potentially deficit view, this paper draws on Appadurai's notion of the ‘capacity to aspire’, which reframes aspiration as a cultural category rather than an individual motivational trait. It discusses the proposition that low SES students do have substantive aspirations, but may have less developed capacities to realise them. Bourdieu's theories of cultural capital, habitus and field provide a supplementary theoretical framework, which draws attention to the complex relationships between socio-cultural background and life-world experiences that inform students' and families' dispositions toward school and their capacities to aspire to higher education.     

农村公共产品供给的制度创新与政策支持

现阶段我国农村公共产品的普遍短缺，已严重制约了农村发展和小康社会建设。增加农村公共产品的供给显得极为重要。而增加农村公共产品的供给，关键就在制度创新与政策支持上。     

报纸版面变革与受众需求

报纸版面的不断求新求异,吸引着读者的阅读兴趣。尽管其造型效果没有终结模式,但就从业人员而言,却有不断的追求。本文作者从版面变革和受众需求两个方面浅谈报纸版面的每一步变化如何适应受众对好的报纸版面的需求。并分析推动版面不断优化的各种力量所在,以及报纸如何运用版面的更新在激烈竞争中抢占先机。     

浅谈科技政策

现代科技发展已经和社会经济发展息息相关,甚至成为社会经济发展的主要动力。可以说,科技发展对于经济的影响是一个漫长的过程,一旦科技政策制定的不够科学,那么在一定程度上很容易造成对当代社会经济发展不利的现象。因此科技政策值得人们关注,也值得人们进行深入的探究。本研究立足于社会发展状况,秉承实事求是的探究原则,脚踏实地的钻研当代科技政策,力求能够在浅谈当代科技政策之后,提出有助于当代科技政策发展的观点,从而推动我国社会科技发展,为社会和人民造福。     

Higher education markets and public policy

In the major reforms to higher education being introduced throughout the world, market and “market-like” policy instruments are assuming increasing importance. Long perceived as a unique characteristic of the U.S. system of higher education, experiments with market competition in academic labor markets, institutional finance, student support, and the allocation of research funds are now evident in the higher education policy of many different nations. Ironically, the overt rationale for these reforms is not only the traditional argument of economic efficiency—with its supposed corollary benefits of institutional adaptation and innovation—but increasingly a resort to market competition as a means of achieving equity in the form of mass higher education. The paper explores the nature of markets in higher education, the policy mechanisms related to their implementation, and some emerging questions regarding their impact.     

Academic freedom and current public policy

In this presentation, I shall examine the issue of academic freedom and current public policy, and will do so by referring to the present state of affairs in this respect in Russia and, more particularly at St. Petersburg State University.     

National modernisation and global science in China

The paper reviews the rapid growth and improvement of science in China since Deng Xiaoping’s reforms in the 1980s and especially in the last two decades, situating the achievement and its limitations in the contexts of both the global science system, and national policy and strategy. The key is the effective combination of national science with global science. Science in China has worked to global norms while remaining nested in national government and Sinic governance, in which Confucianism and Legalism are combined with Leninism. The paper reflects on trends in investment in R&D, the number of published papers, discipline balance, national and global networking, and policies on cross-border partnerships and mobility. China has established a strong autonomous position at world level in science that is partly separated from the intensively networked Euro-American systems but has benefitted especially from a mutually productive relationship with the United States. However, that relationship is now in question.     

公众免费WIFI安全策略

人们对于免费WIFI的需求越来越大,免费又是一把双刃剑,在带来便利的同时,对使用者来说又暗藏危机,这里从产生安全漏洞的原因入手,分析免费WIFI使用的安全策略。     

Enrolment trends in school science education in Australia

Investigations were carried out to find the amount of science portrayed by terrestrial television in the UK and the public comprehension of that science as shown on television. UK terrestrial programming was derived from the Radio Times . Advertisement information was derived from UK terrestrial commercial television commercials. Public opinions were solicited by a survey of 200 members of the public ( n = 196). Science-based programming formed 5.36% of all terrestrial broadcasting time, with people watching an average of 1.75 science programmes per week (approx. 0.2% of programmes possible). 65% of all television advertisements were found to be science-based, although only 26% of advertisement categories were recognized as being science-based by the public. If interest in science is reflected in the amount of science programmes watched then the public are not interested in science. The lack of comprehension of the scientific basis of many advertisements is indicative of the lack of relevance of science education to people in modern society.     

Defining emotional disturbance public policy and research

The legal definition of “emotional disturbance” proposed by the Federal Government under PL 94–142 is Bower's 1957 definition with some modifications. The modifications do serious damage to the integrity of the research and conceptual base from which the definition is drawn. The difficulties inherent in a definition of this type of handicapped are delineated. It is suggested that where policy makers and researchers join together, such relationships are best enhanced when each respects the assumptions and concepts of the other.