Lingua Franca Core: The Challenges of Specifying a Set of Phonological Features for English Learners

Last decade witnesses the rethinking of traditional English teaching models for non-native speakers.The proposed new model—English as Lingua Franca(ELF)sheds light on what the non-native English learners really need to learn in the global setting,instead of constant following of the standard RP/GA norm.Though of much significance among the English users in the Expanding Circle,the new model faces no less challenges,especially in its phonological proposal—LFC.A discussion of these challenges is important to English language educators,for the implementation of ELF model relies on the solution of these potential problems.     

A Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Portfolio Problems

This paper concerns with modeling and design of an algorithm for the portfolio selection problems with fixed transaction costs and minimum transaction lots. A mean-variance model for the portfolio selection problem is proposed, and the model is formulated as a non-smooth and nonlinear integer programming problem with multiple objective functions. As it has been proven that finding a feasible solution to the problem only is already NP-hard, based on NSGA-II and genetic algorithm for numerical optimization of constrained problems (Genocop), a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is designed to solve the model. Its features comprise integer encoding and corresponding operators, and special treatment of constraints conditions. It is illustrated via a numerical example that the genetic algorithm can efficiently solve portfolio selection models proposed in this paper.This approach offers promise for the portfolio problems in practice.     

排序问题的稳定性分析

This paper gives the sensitivity analysis for some scheduling problems, including the following： what are the limits to a parameter change such that the solution remain optimal？ Given a specific change of a parameter, what is the new optimal cost？ Given a specific change of a parameter, what is a new optimal solution？ Here, the concern is mainly with the sensitivity analysis for some single-machine and flowshop scheduling problems with polynomial time algorithms. It is shown that, for these problems, the sensitivity analysis results depend on the positions of jobs with changed parameters.     

The analytical solutions for orthotropic cantilever beams （Ⅱ）：Solutions for density functionally graded beams

In this paper, the specific solutions of orthotropic plane problems with body forces are derived. Then, based on the general solution in the case of distinct eigenvalues and the specific solution for density functionally graded orthotropic media, a series of beam problem, including the problems of cantilever beam with body forces depending only on z or on x coordinate and expressed by z or x polynomial is solved by the principle of superposition and the trial-and-error method.     

An Adaptive Finite Element Method Based on OptimalError Estimates for Linear Elliptic Problems

The subject of the work is to propose a series of papers about adaptive finite element methods based on optimal error control estimate. This paper is the third part in a series of papers on adaptive finite element methods based on optimal error estimates for linear elliptic problems on the concave comer domains. In the preceding two papers (part 1 : Adaptive finite element method based on optimal error estimate for linear elliptic problems on concave comer domain; part 2:Adaptive finite element method based on optimal error estimate for linear elliptic problems on nonconvex polygonal domains), we presented adaptive finite element methods based on the energy norm and the maximum norm. In this paper, an important result is presented and analyzed. The algorithm for error control in the energy norm and maximum norm in part 1 and part 2 in this series of papers is based on this result.     

The Analysis of Problems in the Translation of Tourist Materials

Translation of tourist materials belongs to the applied translation studies,that is English for special purpose(ESP).So translation should be viewed as a purposeful intercultural communicative activity.But the beauty of the tourism translation is lost in the translation problems.As for the existing problems in the translation of tourist materials,the author focuses on the errors in pragmatic,cultural and linguistic aspects,which are being discussed in great details in this essay.     

采用A-光滑正则化的求解非线性不适定问题的一种Newton 型方法

In this paper we present a regularized Newton-type method for ill-posed problems, by using the A-smooth regularization to solve the linearized ill-posed equations. For noisy data a proper a posteriori stopping rule is used that yields convergence of the Newton iteration to a solution, as the noise level goes to zero, under certain smoothness conditions on the nonlinear operator. Some appropriate assumptions on the closedness and smoothness of the starting value and the solution are shown to lead to optimal convergence rates.     

An Empirical Study of Students’ Sight Translation Practice

Most of the studies on sight translation are related to analyzing effort models.Some scholars have established effort models for interpreting activities.However,the majority of the research published in English was conducted between English and European languages.Experiments written in English on interpreting between English and Chinese are limited.The purpose of this research is to explore the problems that occurred in students’performance of sight translation with a view to improving students’performance and the training method.The results of the experiment show that ST skills are composed of two parts:linguistic capacity and delivery skills.The problems that occurred in the case study were presented as delivery problems.However,the reason for the problems was lack of linguistic transfer capacity.This study recommends that students should be trained both on linguistic capacity and delivery skills.     

An Existence Theorem for Strongly Nonlinear Implicit Complementarity Problems

A class of strongly nonlinear implicit complementarity problems for set-valued mappings in Hilbert spaces is studied. Thereupon a new existence theorem is established and proved to be a solution to that kind of problems.     

Meshless local discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin method with application to blasting problems

A meshless local discontinuous Petrov-Galerkin (MLDPG) method based on the local symmetric weak form (LSWF) is presented with the application to blasting problems. The derivation is similar to that of mesh-based Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method. The solutions are reproduced in a set of overlapped spherical sub-domains, and the test functions are employed from a partition of unity of the local basis functions. There is no need of any traditional non-overlapping mesh either for local approximation purpose or for Galerkin integration purpose in the presented method. The resulting MLDPG method is a meshless, stable, high-order accurate and highly parallelizable scheme which inherits both the advantages of RKDG and meshless method (MM), and it can handle the problems with extremely complicated physics and geometries easily. Three numerical examples of the one-dimensional Sod shock-tube problem, the blast-wave problem and the Woodward-Colella interacting shock wave problem are given. All the numerical results are in good agreement with the closed solutions. The higher-order MLDPG schemes can reproduce more accurate solution than the lower-order schemes.     

An Existence Theorem for Strongly Nonlinear lmplicit Complementarity Problems

A class of strongly nonlinear implicit complementarity problems for set-valued mappings in Hilbert spaces is studied,Thereupon a new existence theorem is established and proved to be a solution to that kind of problems.     

Analytical solutions for a uniformly loaded circular plate with clamped edges

INTRODUCTION The problem of circular plates subjected to auniform load is one of the classical problems in elas-ticity theory,which also is encountered frequently inpractice.Timoshenko and Goodier(1970)presented athree-dimensional solution for uniformly loaded iso-tropic circular plates with simply supported edges.Analytical solutions of isotropic circular plates witheither clamped or simply supported edges subjectedto a uniform load,which were derived based on thinplate theory with Kirch…     

Analytical solution for 1D consolidation of unsaturated soil with mixed boundary condition

Based on consolidation equations proposed for unsaturated soil, an analytical solution for 1D consolidation of an unsaturated single-layer soil with nonhomogeneous mixed boundary condition is developed. The mixed boundary condition can be used for special applications, such as tests occur in laboratory. The analytical solution is obtained by assuming all material parameters remain constant during consolidation. In the derivation of the analytical solution, the nonhomogeneous boundary condition is first transformed into a homogeneous boundary condition. Then, the eigenfunction and eigenvalue are derived according to the consolidation equations and the new boundary condition. Finally, using the method of undetermined coefficients and the orthogonal relation of the eigenfunction, the analytical solution for the new boundary condition is obtained. The present method is applicable to various types of boundary conditions. Several numerical examples are provided to investigate the consolidation behavior of an unsaturated single-layer soil with mixed boundary condition.     

Types of Ambiguity in English: their Recognition and Removal

This essay is intended to present a detailed analysis of the three types of ambiguity in English, i.e. phonetic, lexical and structural ambiguities which exert great influence on the understanding in communications. The recognition and removal of them, therefore, is of great necessity for both learners and users of the languages and a full awareness of the context, in which the language is used and which is responsible for the arising of most ambiguities, might well serve as an effective solution to the understanding problem.     

The most robust design for digital logics of multiple variables based on neurons with complex-valued weights

Neurons with complex-valued weights have stronger capability because of their multi-valued threshold logic. Neurons with such features may be suitable for solution of different kinds of problems including associative memory, image recognition and digital logical mapping. In this paper, robustness or tolerance is introduced and newly defined for this kind of neuron according to both their mathematical model and the perceptron neuron＇s definition of robustness. Also, the most robust design for basic digital logics of multiple variables is proposed based on these robust neurons. Our proof procedure shows that, in robust design each weight only takes the value of i or -i, while the value of threshold is with respect to the number of variables. The results demonstrate the validity and simplicity of using robust neurons for realizing arbitrary digital logical functions.     

A Case Study of The Course Setting of Business English of South-Central University For Nationalities

With the economic globalization and the demand of the situation, many higher universities set up business English major. However, since business English is still a new major and research field in higher education, lots of problems exist in the major construction, in which the issue of course settings is a heated one. The author believes that as for the course setting of business English that is an important branch of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), it should be based on the demand toward business English talents from the market and the characteristics of business English.This thesis will, based on the point view of student, further discuss the issue of business English. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the course setting of business English in China is not mature enough, which has problems involved in the content and the time arrangement. The significance of this thesis is to put forward reasonable proposals in the hope of solving the problem in the course setting of business English so that the business English graduates will be fit for the needs of the society.     

Towards an eclectic framework for teaching EFL writing in a Chinese context

The challenges of writing itself and lack of appropriate teaching methodology demotivate EFL （English as a Foreign Language） learners in some Chinese universities to write more, especially as the only incentive for students to write is the compulsory tests. The main objectives of this article are： （1） to discuss the background of the EFL learners in Chinese tertiary education and then to elaborate on their needs and problems for EFL writing; （2） to review the existing approaches to teaching writing; and （3） to propose and justify an integrated model on the basis of these approaches for teaching EFL writing in the Chinese context.     

Solvability of impulsive neutral functional differential inclusions in banach spaces

Impulsive neutral differential inclusions play an important role in characterizing many social, physical and engineering problems, and the existence of solutions for the initial value problem in Banach spaces has been extensively studied. However, in most cases, the nonlinear term on the right-hand side of differential inclusions has to satisfy the compact or continuous assumptions. The object of this paper is to study the existence of solutions to the initial value problems of the first and second order impulsive neutral functional differential inclusions in Banach spaces under some weaker conditions, where the nonlinear term on the right-hand side does not necessarily satisfy the compact and continuous assumptions. Based on a fixed point theorem for discontinuous multivalued increasing operators, the results are obtained by means of the partial ordering method and measure of noncompactness.     

A Survey on Students’Oral English Ability in High School

Oral communicative ability is of great importance to measure students’English ability.However,it long exists that English course of high schools focuses on grammar.In economically backward cities where high schools don’t treat speaking as a necessity,there is a prevailing phenomenon of high marks but dumb English.Based on the fact above,the author adopts some methods to conduct an investigation among teachers and students in a high school in Shanxi province.After an elaborate collection of data and a comprehensive conclusion of information related to students,the author points out problems existing in students’oral communication in the Grade Two;by analysis,the author points out some possible reasons for these problems;and lastly,the author puts forward some suggestions to these problems accordingly.     

旋转薄壳在转点频段内的振动及其在扬声器中的应用

An overview of the research conducted in the area of linear and nonlinear vibrations of loudspeakers and revolution shells was given in the turning-point frequency range in Chapter 1. It shows that some problems concerning vibrations of shells in the turning-point range have to be further studied.