语文教学实施探究性学习的尝试

教育作为实现人的发展的主要途径，一直在探讨学生发展的内涵与策略问题。《语文课程标准》明确指出：语文教学是为学生的全面发展和终身发展打基础。教学中，应努力凸显学习过程中的发现、尝试、探究、研究等认识活动。使学习过程更多地成为学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程。以激发学生的学习兴趣，鼓励创新思维，培养实践能力为重要特征的探究性学习．将在培养创造性人才方面．发挥积极的作用．     

一则探究式教学案例及反思——平面内n对互不平行的平行直线的最少交点数的探究

数学课堂探究式教学，就是教师通过各种课堂教学组织形式，把学生数学学习过程中的发现、探索、研究等认识活动凸现出来，使数学学习过程更多地成为学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程的一种教学方法．数学探究式教学可以调动学生自主学习的积极性，     

“基于问题学习”的实践和思考

在课程改革推进过程中，“基于问题学习”，即以问题为基础展开学习和教学过程．开始成为小学数学教学的基本思路。     

巧设提问 优化教学

长期以来，有些数学教师认为课堂提问只是为活跃课堂气氛，教学有个缓冲而已，这种认识是非常片面的．其实学习的过程实质上是一个提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程．学习应该从提出问题开始，在处理分析问题中发展，以解决问题告终．问题作为教学方法的基本构成因素之一存在于课堂教学的各个环节．     

新理念下数学教学语言的运用

1问题的提出 《数学课程标准》提出了一种全新的数学课程理念：“数学教学是数学活动的教学，是师生之间、学生之间交往互动与共同发展的过程．”这里强调了数学教学是一种活动，是教师和学生共同发展的过程．数学教学过程的基本目标是促进学生的发展，从某种意义上说，今天的学习是为了学生获得终生学习的愿望和能力．数学教学应该以发展为核心，学生要在学习数学的过程中学会做人．     

问题——物理学习的敲门砖

物理学习的过程就是不断提出问题和解决问题的过程，就是通过生活现象提出问题，找出规律，再怎么应用到社会的一个过程．物理学习的过程需要学生不断地思考，不断地探索．传统的物理教学，由于在物理概念规律与实际应用、理解之间产生了一条鸿沟，很多学生遇到实际问题常常是束手无策．这种情况下学生感觉到物理枯燥难学，即使学会了也没有用，导致学生厌学情绪严重．这就是学生在物理学习中没有问题，没有去探究、没有去深刻体会和理解造成的．怎样利用问题帮助物理学习包括两方面：一方面是老师提出问题学生思考，另一方面是学生提出问题自主思索、自主探究．     

浅议社会调查在思想政治课研究性学习中的作用

研究性学习是指在教学过程中以问题为载体．创设一种类似科学研究的情境和连径．让学生通过自己收集，分析和处理信息资源．实际感受和体验知识的产生过程，进而了解社会，学会学习．培养分析问题．解决问题的能力和创造力。在中学政治课教学中．进行社会调查是开展研究性学习经常使用的一种手段。社会调查在研究性学习中作用非常巨大．     

谈数学教学中情境的创设

现代数学教学理论认为，数学教学是数学思维过程的教学，学生学习数学的过程是在头脑中建构数学认知结构的过程，是主体的一种自主行为．因此，教师在设计教学过程时应注意体现以人的发展为本，突出学生的主体和主动性．设计以学生为中心，以情境创设为前提，以问题驱动为导向，诱发学生的学习欲望，提高学生的学习兴趣，全身心地投入到学习活动中去，把僵化呆板的课堂教学变为充满活力的学习乐园．为此，本人结合自己的教学实践，谈几点体会．     

初中物理教学中问题教学法初探

通过科学探究让学生不仅知道知识的内容。还要知道形成知识的过程．让学生像科学家进行科学研究一样在探究过程中发现科学概念、科学规律。为达到这一目的．在物理教学中应以问题统领整个教学过程．引导学生自主学习，发现问题，提出问题，然后大家合作探究、解决问题，体验探究过程的曲折和乐趣．[第一段]     

探究性学习点滴谈

探究性学习是指在教学过程中以问题为载体．创设一种类似于科学研究的情景和途径，让学生通过自己收集、分析和处理信息来实际感受和体验知识的产生过程，进而了解社会．学会学习，培养分析问题、解决问题的能力和创造能力。下面结合自己数学教学实践，谈几点体会。     

Puppets in science lessons Experiences and stories from Norwegian teachers who are using puppets

Ten teachers, from preschool to secondary school have tried out puppets as a stimulus in science lessons. Data were gathered by teachers answering a questionnaire and by interviewing the teachers. We report what teachers have experienced by using puppets in science classrooms and in science activities in preschools. Data indicate that the puppet can be used to stimulate science both in preschool, primary school and secondary school. Probably the puppet must be used in different ways in preschool and primary school than in secondary school to get the pupils to accept them. This pilot study has given us courage and ideas to start a following-up study in using puppets in science.     

Projectpedagogy --Interpretations and background principles

Educational processes, methods and teaching-learning strategies based on activities, which are tangibly useful in real life have become of great concern since the appearance of reform-pedagogical approaches. The project method as a concept in educational history has undergone continuous changes and reinterpretations. This study aims at summarizing the most important characteristics of project pedagogy and reinforcing the justification of this very methodology in the 21 st century on all levels of education having considered background principles.     

The use of music to teach life skills to students with emotional disabilities in the classroom

This article discusses the teaching of life skills to urban American youths who are highly fascinated with the hip-hop culture--songs, raps, miming, lyrics, dressing and musical rhythms, especially individuals with emotional disabilities in the public schools. This is an instructional curriculum strategy to encourage positive and active participation of these students, promote perfect school attendance, encourage good behaviors, deal with anger management and motivate committed learning in the classroom. The instructors＇ understanding of students＇ culture, learning needs and styles, and using such background knowledge to educate them become imperative in this setting. These urge for innovative and leadership projects in the author＇s special education classroom necessitated the application of hip-hop music to teach life skills, reading and other functional skills in the classroom. The outcome was positive and rewarding to both the teachers and students. There are recommendations for interested teachers to devise creative teaching methods, differentiated instruction and appropriate classroom management practices to attain student achievement.     

Promoting accountability and enhancing efficiency： Using national education accounts to track expenditure flows

Increasing accountability and efficiency in the use of public and out-of-pocket financing in education are critical to realizing the maximum impact of the meager allocations to education in most developing countries. While broad estimates and numbers are routinely collected by most national ministries and state departments of education, the lack of accuracy and reliability as well as the obtuse nature of recording and presentation of the data does not facilitate any serious policy use. A major advance in this area has been brought about by the development of NEA （National Education Accounts）, which is a new tool for measuring education expenditures in a systematic policy-~endly manner. In essence, NEAs measure the ＂financial pulse＂ of an education system, answering 4 key questions： Who is financing education？ How much do they spend？ How are funds distributed across different education providers, levels and activities？ Who benefits from or receives the services？ NEAs gather information on all spending from public, private and donor sources, and provide a snap-shot of all expenditures on education in the state or country. While not an auditing tool, it provides real time information on the flow of funds that can be used for evidence-based decision-making. It provides information to policy-makers, enabling them to discern systcm-wide inequities and identify areas that require changes in policy. In addition, the use of a standard classification of expenditures allows for data from NEAs to be comparable between and within countries. This paper provides an assessment of accountability and efficiency in the use of public and private resources in the education sector in 2 states of Nigeria. Using comparative data from implementation of education accounts in 2 states of Nigeria, it presents a breakdown of education spending by public and private sources as well as donor agencies, by types of providers, by geographical regions and by category of expenditures. It analyzes educational expenditures for the 2 states in the context of state government priorities for education, and proposes a novel way of tracking trends in education spending as a means for policy-makers to organize a strategic vision supported by resources and to evaluate the outcome of policies.     

简洁是智慧的灵魂——例谈数学解题的简单化思想

解数学问题要力求方法简便、过程简洁,而简洁美正是一种高层次的美.     

The EFQM self-assessment processes in HEIs in Spain and in Jordan

The purpose of this paper is to compare the European Foundation for Quality Management （EFQM） self-assessment model in higher education institutions （HEIs） in Spain and in Jordan. Case study methodology on eight services provided by a public university in Spain and seven services provided by one public university and one private university in Jordan is used. The findings show the steps that an administrative service may follow in order to apply the questionnaire approach to conduct self-assessment in a successful manner and the difficulties, benefits and success factors in both countries by comparing the results. This paper provides lessons for decision makers and managers of other universities in developing countries, who wish to perform an exercise in self-assessment using a questionnaire approach.     

新课程背景下学生问题意识的培养

问题意识的淡薄是制约学生创新思维发展的重要因素.论述了新课程背景下学生的问题意识及其重要性,制约学生问题意识的重要因素,研究和探索如何培养学生＂问题意识＂的方式和方法,并为培养学生＂问题意识＂的教学研究提出见解和实施策略.     

The effects of globalization phenomena on educational concepts

It is becoming more and more apparent that globalization processes represent, theoretically as well as practically, a challenge for educational sciences and therefore, it must be addressed within the sphere of education. Accordingly, educational conceptions have to adapt to globafization phenomena and focus more on alternative and innovative educational concepts. The observable phenomena that appear as part of globalization then lead to the following question： Is there still space for educational concepts like emancipation, self-determination, equal opportunities and fairness in distribution, democracy and common sense？ The most indispensable tools for the development of equitable and peaceful contemporary education perspectives are a differentiated reflection on globalization phenomena and consequences, an intensive analysis and disclosure to address （global） conflict lines, the questioning of well-established concepts, the formation and embodiment of visions of the global future and the articulation of innovative education concepts. Modern social and political structures and practices have to be reoriented to combat the negative effects of globalization processes through the incorporation of more humane, socially fair and ecological principles. Educational science is sure to make an important contribution in making this a reality.     

Using web blogs as a tool to encourage pre-class reading, post-class reflections and collaboration in higher education

This paper reports on the students＇ experiments of using blogs to encourage themselves to do pre-class reading assignment and reflections after class. The sample in the study included five ESL （English as a Second Language） graduate students in a course of teaching methods, and 90 software engineering students in an undergraduate information technology program. Results indicated that there was a positive attitude towards the use of blogs for pre-class preparation and post-class reflections. However, considering the successful experience, it is important to consider the class size, students＇ educational level, and the type of reading assignment.     

Measuring success： Evaluating educational programs

This paper reveals a new evaluation model, which enables educational program and project managers to evaluate their programs with a simple and easy to understand approach. The ＂index of success model＂ is comprised of five parameters that enable to focus on and evaluate both the implementation and results of an educational program. The integration of these parameters forms a complete and comprehensive picture, which in turn provides the most information on the success or failure of the program. The parameters are： （1） the relevance index, referring to an evaluation of predefined objectives; （2） the efficiency index, referring to the fiscal efficiency of the program; （3） the effectiveness index evaluating the attainment of the program＇s objectives; （4） the impact index gauging the effect on the consumers, for whom the program is undertaken; and （5） the final parameter is the program＇s sustainability index. Since Israel＇s education strategy currently leans towards site-based monitoring and evaluation, such a model can potentially be of great help to school management and staff.