胃大部切除术后功能性排空障碍的处理

胃大部切除术后残胃的排空功能障碍是胃手术早期常见并发症之一,尤其以胃空肠吻合术后更易发生,其发生率约为3％～4％。我院1990～1997年共行胃大部切除术313例,有6例术后出现残胃排空障碍,均发生在B-Ⅱ式手术后,经保守治疗痊愈出院。现报告如下。     

胃大部分切除术后胃瘫16例临床分析

目的 :探讨胃大部分切除术后胃瘫原因及临床防治措施。方法 :回顾分析 1978～ 2 0 0 0年胃大部分切除术后胃瘫发生率 ,发生时间及治疗选择的相关性治疗效果。结果 :胃大部分切除术后并发胃瘫的发生率为 4 89% ,9例出现在术后 3～ 5天 ,7例在术后 7～ 8天改半流质时 ,本组病例均治愈。结论 :胃大部分切除术后胃瘫原因与神经因素、胃排空失调及饮食和手术方式有关 ,应及时采取措施如 :一般治疗 ,药物治疗 ,胃镜治疗等     

胃大部切除术后合并胃瘫患者的护理

目的：总结胃大部切除术后胃瘫的护理体会。方法：回顾分析胃大部切除术后发生胃瘫12例患者的临床资料,对多种综合治疗及护理措施进行探讨。结果：胃大部切除术后发生胃瘫,经多种综合治疗及精心护理,患者均痊愈出院。结论：胃大部切除术后发生胃瘫的患者经过有效的针对性护理、有效胃肠减压、药物治疗、加强营养支持后,胃肠功能均能恢复。     

胃大部切除术严重并发症10例教训分析及预防

胃大部切除术是治疗胃十二指肠疾病的主要手术方式,但其手术并发症常常造成严重后果。我院自1965年至1986年共治疗10例,现报道如下: 资料及讨论一、胃回肠错误吻合、例1,患者、男、24岁,因十二指肠溃疡行胃大部切除B—Ⅱ式吻合术。术后胃肠减压量极多,呃逆、腹泻、呕吐、呕吐物有臭味,不能进食,术后第8天经钡餐检查,确定输入袢为回肠,当即手术证实并行胃空肠吻合术,病人痊愈出院。     

GF—Ⅰ型与XF型胃肠吻(缝)合器的术中应用

<正> 我院于一九八八年十一月以来,使用 GF—Ⅰ型管型消化道吻合器和 XF 型消化道缝合器,用于全消化道手术共计423例。胃大部切除术148例,作者实际参加手术39例。实践证明效果良好,皆获得一次成功。现以胃大部切除术为主,将吻(缝)合器的术前准备、术中使用及术后处理做一简要介绍。     

胃术后胆囊炎35例发生规律探讨

本文收集了近五提内以急性胆囊炎或合并胆石症住院,既往或近期又有胃切除手术史者35例。作者认为胃术后发生老性胆囊炎音大多数为男性,其中老年胃术后易发生胆道病,并且提出胃术后胆囊炎病理改变均是破坏性变化(蜂窝织炎性改变)。亦认为其发生与下列因素有关:(1)迷走神经肝支损伤;(2)内源性的 CCK(胆囊收缩素)明显减少;(3)胆囊动脉损伤;(4)近端空肠袢过短或过长影响胆汁排出;(5)胃术后胆囊排空障碍,易形成胆泥;(6)胃酸分泌降低,胃液杀菌作用减弱,易发生逆行感染。主张此类病人应以早期手术为主要治疗原则,并提出预防办法。     

胃大部切除术后吻合口后内疝的诊治体会

胃大部切除术后吻合口后小肠内疝是一种少见而严重的并发症,据国内文献报告,其发生率仅为0.2-2％。由于其发生率低,缺乏典型的临床表现,往往因延误诊治,造成严重后果。我院自1980年-1994年行Billorth-Ⅱ胃大部切除1368例,经手术确诊发生吻合口后小肠内疝11例,现就其诊断,治疗的体会分析报告如下。     

腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤行功能性腮腺切除术的临床观察

目的：分析腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤行功能性腮腺切除术治疗中的临床效果．方法：腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤病例128例。其中86例采用功能性腮腺切除术治疗,观察并发症的发生率及肿瘤复发情况．并与42例传统腮腺浅叶及肿瘤切除术相比较．结果：86例患者术后面部畸形较轻,腮腺功能良好．随访期间肿瘤无复发、无味觉出汗综合征,凹陷畸形不明显,其中9例出现暂时性面瘫,14例耳垂麻木．与传统腮腺切除术相比,肿瘤复发率比较无统计意义（P〉0．05）,两组术后暂时性面瘫、耳垂麻木和Frey．s综合征、凹陷畸形的发生率有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．结论：功能性腮腺切除术是腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤治疗的理想术式之一．     

由1例胆道严重损伤吸取的经验教训

肝外胆道的损伤或狭窄是胆道手术中或手术后最严重的并发症,其发生率为千分之二,其中90％继发于胆囊切除术,5％发生于胆道探查术,3％是胃大部切除术的并发症,其余2％可能继发于十二指肠、胰腺等手术。现就一例胆道严重损伤吸取的经验教训总结如下: 病历:患者女性29岁、主因右下腹持续性疼,伴有恶心呕吐两天,在当地医院按急性阑尾炎收住院。并于当晚在连续硬膜外麻醉下行阑尾切除术。取右下腹探查切口,术中见阑尾正常,右下腹可见少量淡黄色渗液,胆囊明显肿大,张力高颈部嵌顿结石一枚。术中诊断胆囊结石、急性化脓性胆囊炎,即向上延长切     

门脉高压症门奇静脉断流术失败原因及防治措施

目的:探讨门脉高压症门奇静脉断流失败的原因及防治措施.方法:回顾分析1995.1～2003.2月65例肝硬化门脉高压症患者,行门奇静脉断流术后,5例发生消化道再出血.结果:65例患者再出血发生率7.7%(5/65).1例胃底静脉曲张破裂出血;2例胃黏膜广泛充血、糜烂、渗血;2例出血与胃及食道无关.结论:术中规范操作,术后综合治疗可有效防止术后再出血.     

腹腔镜与开腹对进展期胃癌根治术的临床疗效对比

对比分析腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术的临床疗效。回顾性分析355例进展期胃癌患者临床资料,其中行腹腔镜D2根治术160例,行开腹D2根治术195例,对比分析两组患者的疗效指标。结果显示,与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间较长,但出血量更少,清扫淋巴结数量更多,术后肠道恢复功能更快,进食半流质时间早,住院时间更短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者近、远端切缘长度及术后并发症发生率的比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果表明,腹腔镜胃癌根治术是治疗进展期胃癌安全、可行、有效方法。     

Clinical investigation of surgery for intermittent exotropia

Objective: To investigate the time and postoperative binocular vision of strabismus surgery for children with intermittent exotropia (X (T)). Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted in 80 child patients with intermittent exotropia. Pre- and postoperative angles of deviation fixating at near (33cm) and distant targets (6m) were measured with the prolonged alternate cover testing. The binocular function was assessed with synoptophore. Twenty-one patients took the postoperative synoptophore exercise. Results: (1) A week after surgery, 96.2% of the 80 patients had binocular normotopia, while a year after surgery, 91.3% of the 80 patients had binocular normotopia; (2) Preoperatively, 58 patients had near stereoacuity, while postoperatively, 72 patients achieved near stereoacuity (P<0.05); (3) Preoperatively, 64 patients had Grade I for the synoptophore evaluation and postoperatively, 76 patients achieved Grade I. Meanwhile, 55 patients had Grade Ⅱpreoperatively and 72 achieved Grade Ⅱ postoperatively. For Grade Ⅲ, there were 49 patients preoperatively and 64 patients postoperatively (P<0.05); (4) Patients of 5～8 years old had a significantly better recovery rate of binocular vision than those of 9～18 years old (P<0.05); (5)Patients taking postoperative synoptophore exercise had a better binocular vision than those taking no exercise (P<0.05). Conclusions: (1) Strabismus surgery can help to preserve or restore the binocular vision for intermittent exotropia; (2) Receiving the surgery at young ages may develop better postoperative binocular vision; (3) The postoperative synoptophore exercise can help to restore the binocular vision.     

Surgical management of gastric stump cancer： a report of 37 cases

Objective: To observe the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric stump cancer (GSC) and evaluate the benefits of radical surgery of GSC. Methods: The clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative survival time of 37 GSC patients who underwent surgery were investigated retrospectively. The survival time was compared according to the type of surgical pTMN stage. Survival curves were traced by using Kaplan-Meier methods. Results: Most GSC (32/37) was detected in patients who had received Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction after partial gastrectomy for benign gastric disease. The lesser curvature side and the suture line of anastomosis were the most frequent sites where GSC occurred (27/37). Differentiated adenocarcinoma was the dominant histopathological type (24/37). The postoperative 5-year survival rate of early stage GSC patients (n=9) was significantly higher than advanced stage GSC (n=12) (55.6% vs 16.5%, xL2=1 1.48, P＜0.01). Five-year survival rate of 21 GSC patients with radical resection were 75% (3/4) for stage Ⅰ, 60% (3/5) for stage Ⅱ, 14.2% (1/7) for stage Ⅲ, and 0% (0/5) for stage Ⅳ respectively.The median survival time of 21 GSC patients who underwent radical resection was longer than those undergoing palliative operation (43.0m vs 13.0m, xL2=36.31, P＜0.01), the median survival time of stage Ⅳ patients with radical resection was 23.8months. Conclusions: Without remote metastasis, radical resection for GSC is possible, and is an effective way to improve the prognosis of GSC. Even in stage Ⅳ GSC, radical resection can still prolong the survival time. It is necessary for the patients with benign gastric diseases who received partial gastrectomy to carry out the endoscopy follow-up, especially in patients with Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction procedure at 15-20 years.     

Value of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculoma: 53 cases analysis and review of literature

Tuberculoma of the lung is one of manifestations in tuberculosis and usually presents as a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). It is difficult to differentiate tuberculoma from SPN by other benign or malignant diseases. At present, the crucial role of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases has been well acknowledged. Here, we reported 53 patients undergoing VATS resection for tuberculomas in our series. No postoperative mortality was found and only two patients experienced prolonged air-leakage (>7 d) and two had minor wound infections that were recovered after anti-tuberculosis or antibiotic treatment. Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy from 6 to 12 months was routinely used postoperatively. We conclude that VATS is a satisfactory tool for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculoma and can also establish a reliable diagnosis for all patients with SPNs.     

全胃切除术后早期肠内营养的临床研究

研究全胃切除术后早期肠内营养的安全性、可行性及临床疗效。选择胃癌行全胃切除术的100例病人,随机分为两组,I组(对照组)50例,术后接受肠外营养;II组(试验组)50例,术后24小时开始行肠内营养治疗(连续7天),两组基本等热量,并对两组病人进行术前、术后营养状态评价,比较术后肠功能恢复及住院天数、住院费用等。结果表明,全胃切除术后早期肠内营养安全、有效、经济,对促进胃肠道功能恢复,保持肠道粘膜,减少感染性并发症,改善机体营养状况等起到一定的积极作用。     

Diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma in urinary bladder

Objective： To study the diagnosis and treatment ofpheochromocytoma in urinary bladder. Methods： Six cases of bladder pheochromocytoma were studied. Four cases showed hypertension, 3 of which were paroxysmal hypertension during urination. Catecholamine （CA） was increased in a case, and vanillymandelic acid （VMA） was increased in 2 cases. Bladder submucosal mass was detected by B-ultrasound in 5 cases （5/5）, computerized tomography （CT） in 3 cases （3/3）, cystoscopy in 5 cases （5/6）. Four cases took a-receptor blocker for 2 weeks, 1 case took β-receptor blocker to decrease heart rate. All patients were treated with surgical operation including 4 partial cystectomies, 2 excavations. Results： Three cases had manifestations including headache, excessive perspiration and hypertension during cystoscopy. Four cases were confirmed before operation. Two cases showed hypertension during operation. All patients were pathologically diagnosed as pheochromocytoma post- operatively. In five cases followed up, blood pressure returned to normal. No patient had relapse and malignancy. Conclusions： Typical hypertension during urination comprised the main symptoms. We should highly suspect bladder pheochromocytoma if a submucosal mass was discovered with B-ultrasound, CT, ^131I-M1BG （methyliodobenzylguanidine） and cystoscopy. The determination of CA in urine is valuable for qualitative diagnosis. The preoperative management of controlling blood pressure and expansion of the blood volume are very important. Surgical operation is a good method for effective treatment. Postoperative long-time followed up is necessary.     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间肾上腺髓质CgA免疫细胞的研究

目的 :探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间肾上腺髓质嗜铬颗粒素A(CgA)免疫反应细胞的变化。方法 :采用免疫组织化学方法 (SP法 )显示阳性细胞并用病理图像分析系统软件做面密度分析。结果 :溃疡组CgA阳性细胞面密度与正常组相比于术后 4d、6d、10d、14d低于正常组 ,均为P <0 .0 1,以 4d最显著。溃疡组CgA阳性细胞面密度于术后 6d、10d低于盐水组 ,均为P <0 .0 1。结论 :肾上腺髓质CgA阳性细胞可能间接或直接参与大鼠实验性胃溃疡修复的调节。     

Systematic review of laparoscopy-assisted versus open gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer

Objective

The study compared laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) with open gastrectomy (OG) in the management of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods

Literature search was performed in the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify control studies that compared LAG and OG for AGC. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the surgical safety and oncologic adequacy, using the random-effect model.

Results

Seven eligible studies including 815 patients were analyzed. LAG was associated with less blood loss, less use of analgesics, shorter time of flatus and periods of hospital stay, but longer time of operation. The incidence of most complications was similar between the two groups. However, LAG was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary infection (odds ratio (OR) 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05 to 0.68; P<0.05). No significant differences were noted in terms of the number of harvested lymph nodes (weighted mean difference (WMD) 1.165; 95% CI–2.000 to 4.311; P>0.05), overall mortality (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.39 to 1.10; P>0.05), cancer-related mortality (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.25; P>0.05), or recurrence (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.33 to 1.16; P>0.05).

Conclusions

LAG could be performed safely for AGC with adequate lymphadenectomy and has several short-term advantages compared with conventional OG. No differences were found in long-term outcomes. However, these results should be validated in large randomized controlled studies (RCTs) with sufficient follow-up.     

Endoscopic ultrasonographic features of gastric linitis plastica in fifty-five Chinese patients

The objective of this study was to investigate the endosonographic appearance of gastric linitis plastica(GLP) and to study the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) for the T and N staging of GLP.EUS examinations of 55 patients with histologically proven GLP were retrospectively studied.In all patients,EUS showed that lesions involved at least one-third of the circumference of the stomach.Based on the findings of the EUS,the 55 patients were divided into two groups.There were 32(58.2%) patients in the first group.EUS of this group showed that the five sonographic layers had disappeared and had been replaced by a hypoechogenic thickening of the gastric wall.There were 23(41.8%) patients in the second group.EUS of this group showed that the first three sonographic layers were blurred and thickened,and the fourth layer was significantly thickened.The full thickness of the gastric wall was significantly thicker in first than in the second group of patients(P<0.01).The incidence of perigastric lesions was significantly higher in the first than in the second group of patients(P<0.01).Results for the 15 patients following preoperative EUS were compared postoperatively with histopathologic findings for T and N staging.The overall diagnostic accuracy of the T stage was 73.3% and of the N stage was 60.0%.In eight patients,we used EUS to assess a therapeutic response.No response was observed in five patients and a partial response in three.EUS images of GLP are characteristic.EUS is helpful in diagnosing GLP and for assessing the T and N stages.     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期肾上腺髓质细胞超微结构的变化

目的:探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间肾上腺髓质细胞超微结构的变化.方法:采用透射电镜观察了肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞超微结构的变化.结果:溃疡组术后4d、6d髓质嗜铬细胞中NA细胞增多,细胞内有较多颗粒,细胞中可见扩张的内质网和胞质缺损区.结论:肾上腺髓质细胞可能直接或间接参与了大鼠实验性胃溃疡修复的调解.