科技论文表格表身内"中断"项标示方法的规范化探讨

分析表身内数据项和文字项间逻辑联系出现中断的原因和"中断"项标示方法中存在的问题.结合GB/T 7713-1987推荐的标示方法存在的不足,提出了修改意见:1)实测结果为零时,必须在相应的数据项内写入数字"0";2)"空白"只代表无此项;3)除前述2种情况外,一律在相应的"中断"项内写明具体原因,如"(未测)""(未发现)""(不详)"等.     

To explore managerial issues and their implications on e-Government deployment in the public sector: Lessons from Taiwan's Bureau of Foreign Trade

The objective of this article is to explore the experience of reconciling the strategic information system (IS) management with the radical transition of the Information Technology (IT) infrastructure in Taiwan's Bureau of Foreign Trade (BOFT) between 1998 and 2003. This investigation will be beneficial for the implementation of IT projects, as well as the comprehension of the organizational and managerial issues related to the discontinuity of IT development in office automation. This paper conducts an interpretative approach by means of qualitative methods – namely through participatory observation and in-depth interviews with fourteen informants – to reveal the managerial issues and their implications on the adoption of electronic government (e-Government). Through the method of content analysis, this study reviews the process of decision making, implementation, and other issues emerging as a result of the adoption of new technologies in public authorities, such as the cognition of the employee toward the benefits and effectiveness of IS in public authorities.     

略论云南少数民族历史档案数字化建设活态研究

记忆资源的整合近年来引起众多学者的关注,为了解当下研究现状,采用文献研究法分别从异构记忆资源整合对象、整合基础、整合思路与整合技术四个方面对异构记忆资源整合的研究现状进行系统梳理、归纳,并基于记忆资源整合建设现状思考剖析“数字记忆”资源建设中存在的问题,提出个人观点,以求为推动研究和实践进一步发展提供参考。     

An analysis of the impact of information and communication technology on the structure of scientific and technical information in Russia

This paper reviews the existing interpretations of the scientific and technical information (STI) concept and shows their limitations. A new definition of the term is introduced. The main STI indicators are explored and the STI authorship is investigated. The goals and methods of STI development management are analyzed. The impact of the evolving information and communication technologies on the structure of STI developed in Russia is studied. Technologies that underpin the development of STI are investigated. Various approaches to protection of intellectual property rights and information security in the process of information development are investigated.     

Information support of Ukrainian studies based on the information resources of the institute of scientific information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The topical structure of the information array on socio-economic, political and humanitarian problems of Ukrainian development, reflected in the databases on social sciences and humanities of the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION) of the Russian Academy of Sciences is described. The specificities of country-oriented database which would provide information on Ukrainian studies, are discussed. The most important aspects of investigation aimed at information support of Russian-Ukrainian cooperation in various spheres are analyzed.     

Key issues of the development of the information infrastructure and information support of innovation activities

We consider some issues of the development of the national information infrastructure in the field of innovation, including a national system of accounting for the results of scientific and technical activities (RSTA) and a national new-generation research computer network (NNGRCN). The current state of the national system of scientific and technical information and its resources for information support of innovation processes are analyzed. In the context of further development of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), we propose a Conception of scientific and technical support for programs and projects of NIS member-states in the field of innovation, making it possible to incorporate the existing innovation-oriented information resources into a joint distributed integrated information system as well as to create new information resources and technologies.     

The Phenomenon of Information Highways in the Francophonie

The ‘globalization’ phenomenon has infiltrated many societies and cultures, promoting the creation of ‘global villages’ where the risks of cultural levelling are evident. The Agence de la Francophonie (ACCT), secretariat of the Francophone Summits, has raised awareness about this issue, through information gathered by its Banque internationale d'information sur les États francophones (BIEF) programme. The last Francophone Summit (Cotonou, 1996) adopted a recommendation recognizing the global impact of the ‘information highway’ while urging the Francophonie to promote the cultural specificities and diversities of its Member States. The information and communication technologies and the information highway seem to favor the linguistic imperialism of certain societies and cultures. This trend triggers two types of reaction: (1) an accelerated merger of cultures into one single conventional universe and (2) an assertion of national cultural identities. The Francophonie has chosen the latter and has developed strategies to support its position.     

大学生信息行为与影响因素探究——以大学生数学建模团队为例

[目的/意义] 基于实证调查分析,探究大学生数学建模团队信息行为特征、信息行为模型及其影响因素,为提高大学生数学建模团队信息素养和创新能力提供科学参考。[方法/过程] 以大学生数学建模团队为研究单元,通过对数学建模团队信息行为的参与式观察和深度访谈获取个案数据,主要采用话语分析法和归纳性内容分析法对数据进行挖掘分析。[结果/结论] 大学生数学建模团队以电子信息需求为主,信息查寻以专业数据库为主、搜索引擎为辅;主要通过全文或关键词检索方式来进行文献检索;通过结果分享模式实现团队合作信息查寻;偶遇信息利用对问题解决和数学模型质量起重要作用;大学生数学建模团队信息行为有其一般行为模型。     

现代情报检索模型理论比较与发展研究

关于相关性的计量一直是情报检索的核心问题，为此，人们提出了一系列检索模型。本文从比较与发展的角度，按时间顺序介绍了布尔模型、向量空间模型、概率模型、模糊模型、逻辑模型、概念模型、网络模型等，并在分析、比较与评价的基础上，对情报检索模型研究发展的未来趋势做了一些预测。     

关于公共图书馆边缘化倾向及对策的探讨

认为图书馆边缘化倾向已是不争的事实,主要表现在:①公共信息中心的地位已丧失;②其中介作用正在遭遇社会信息服务业的挑战;③被图书零售的业态变化所冲击;④职业文化优势正在消失;⑤核心价值受到挑战。在此形势下,公共图书馆应重新定位,调整发展对策,变革服务模式,强化图书馆能力和角色,成为集综合文化中心、信息整合中心、个性表现中心、社会生活中心和经济教育中心为一体的复合图书馆。     

The formation of the multidimensional information space on ethnology and historical anthropology

This paper considers the properties of using the multidimensional approach in the information support of scientific research on ethnology and historical anthropology based on the information resources of the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION). The principles of the content processing of documents and queries based on a complex of linguistic tools of the Automated Information System on Social Sciences (AISON) are considered. The problems of increasing the professional competence and level of information culture of consumers who search for ethnological information by queries of different complexities are discussed.     

老年人中医药信息处理行为的要素特征与行为路径研究

[目的/意义]信息处理是老年人中医药信息行为过程的重要环节,对老年人中医药信息处理行为的理论探索是提升其信息处理能力和中医药信息素养的重要前提。[方法/过程]采用质性研究设计,采取半结构式深入访谈法收集资料,并对访谈资料进行扎根理论编码分析,通过不断分析、比较,以及与现有理论对话,分析得出老年人中医药信息处理行为的要素、特征及典型路径。[结果/结论]老年人中医药信息处理行为包括3个基本要素(目标定位、依据选择和手段选用)和19个具体要素。结合精细加工可能性模型和启发-系统模型,老年人中医药信息处理行为的目标定位及其行为路径可以划分为低认知努力(外围路径,主要采用感知、求证、比较3类信息处理手段)、高认知努力(中心路径,主要采用推理手段)和一般认知努力(两者兼有)3类。老年人中医药信息处理行为具有阶段性、困难性、处理目标时空差异性、处理过程发展性等特征。     

Sharing results of federal R&D: A look at the department of energy's system for managing scientific and technical information

The Department of Energy's (DOE) scientific and technical information system, operational since the mid-1940s, is described as an example of the manner by which a large Federal R&D agency organizes, manages, and disseminates the information produced by its laboratories and contractor organizations. The role of the Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) within the DOE R&D cycle and its place in the DOE information infrastructure are outlined. OSTI's activities, products, and services are described under the following headings: management and dissemination of DOE research results; access to worldwide information on energy R&D; information management and accountability systems; and information consulting and specialized services.     

The information needs of end-users of Sub-Saharan Africa in the digital information environment

The digital divide is severe in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevailing digital divide will continue to exist and define the characteristics of the digital information environment of the sub-region as it influences, along with other concerns, the information needs of end-users in the sub-region. The model of information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment and observations and theories from the literature of Library and Information Science (LIS) show that the information needs of end-users in SSA are for information content that is relevant for day-to-day tasks and that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of the information and communications technology (ICTs) that they possess and their level of skill in manipulating the ICTs. The model of the information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment presents the nature of user tasks, the state of electronic resources in use, and user experience in using the electronic resources as factors giving rise to information needs of end-users in a digital information environment. The principles of least effort, satisficing, utility and accessibility particularly give support to the argument of the paper: that end-users need information content that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of ICTs currently in use by the end-users concerned. Recognizing the nature of the information needs of the end-users of SSA will help in meeting their needs as well as in selecting appropriate interventions in addressing the digital divide in the sub-region.     

Understanding the relationships between information architectures and business models: An empirical study on the success configurations of smart communities

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) and big data, many smart city and smart community projects bloomed in recent years. Following the two approaches of smart city development from Kuk and Janssen (2011), the study proposed a synergetic framework for understanding the relationship between information architectures and business models. Since community is a basic unit of a city, the development goals of a smart city are needed to be implemented at the level of communities. The development path of smart community is a configuration set including both information architecture factors and business model patterns. Based on the cases of 69 communities from Beijing, China, we explored successful configurations based on the framework. Using the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method, we found that a successful smart community depends on the integration between information architectures and business models, and different business models rely on different information architectures elements. Networking, terminals, and sensors are key information architecture elements that are used more frequently in business models.     

Undertaking an information-needs analysis of the emergency-care physician to inform the role of the clinical librarian: a Greek perspective

AIM OF STUDY: The primary focus of this pilot study was to gain a better understanding of the information needs of emergency-care clinicians. The secondary focus was to compare the traditional current practice of information provision within other emergency departments in Greek hospitals, with the new model of clinical librarianship (CL). RATIONALE: Clinical staff in the emergency department deal with a variety of cases, they have no time to visit the library, but need information instantly in their place of work. Clinical decision making in the emergency department setting frequently requires the clinician to obtain additional sources of information and clinical librarians may facilitate this. STUDY DESIGN: The present study focused on two professional groups: medical librarians (group A) and clinicians (consultants, senior registrars, registrars, nurses (group B), working in the emergency departments of two Greek hospitals. The study was organized through a questionnaire survey and some in-depth interviews. RESULTS: This study showed that, for 100% of the clinicians in daily practice, the main information needs arise while treating patients, and that information would help in making patient-care decisions. Clinicians made little use of hospital libraries because they are usually under tremendous time pressure. The main outcome of the study was the use of a clinical librarian as an information provider. Clinical librarians supply information to assist decisions, based on this model. This extends the librarian's role in evidence-based medicine, giving much stronger attention to the relevant evidence in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, health services are facing organizational change. The introduction of new technology, and rapid growth of medical knowledge creates a demand for new ways of providing information. Clinical librarian programmes may deliver patients specific information in a timely manner. The mission of the clinical librarian is to facilitate access to quality information which is necessary for improving health, and to act as an informationist in the emergency department.     

University library planning: The experience of the university of petroleum and minerals

The digital divide is severe in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevailing digital divide will continue to exist and define the characteristics of the digital information environment of the sub-region as it influences, along with other concerns, the information needs of end-users in the sub-region. The model of information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment and observations and theories from the literature of Library and Information Science (LIS) show that the information needs of end-users in SSA are for information content that is relevant for day-to-day tasks and that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of the information and communications technology (ICTs) that they possess and their level of skill in manipulating the ICTs. The model of the information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment presents the nature of user tasks, the state of electronic resources in use, and user experience in using the electronic resources as factors giving rise to information needs of end-users in a digital information environment. The principles of least effort, satisficing, utility and accessibility particularly give support to the argument of the paper: that end-users need information content that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of ICTs currently in use by the end-users concerned. Recognizing the nature of the information needs of the end-users of SSA will help in meeting their needs as well as in selecting appropriate interventions in addressing the digital divide in the sub-region.     

The nature of the modern information society

In this paper, a survey and critique are presented of the existing concepts of an information society. The concept of a “modern information society” is introduced. The main components of the information society concept are analyzed, i.e., information, information technologies and the IT workforce (specialists). Changes are considered in the main spheres of human activities. A broad definition of the modern information society is formulated.     

Implications of technological advances for access to the cultural heritage of selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Public records and archives constitute a valuable part of sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) cultural heritage. However, technological advances threaten long-term access to public records and archives. The computer (and its associated technologies) is the major driving force behind the technological changes affecting access to information. The use of information technologies has led to the proliferation of digital information. There are significant challenges associated with ensuring access to digital materials into the future as compared with traditionally paper-based information. A recent survey of selected countries from SSA revealed that long-term access to records and archives is going to be hampered by lack of resources and plans for ensuring access to information resulting from the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The development of strategies for managing digital documents over time is key to accessing the cultural heritage of SSA by the present and future generations.