认知风格理论视野中的超媒体学习

在教育文献中有大量关于超媒体学习的研究,本文从认知风格理论的视角,对其中的一些实证研究从非线性学习路径的选择、学习者的控制特征、超媒体的空间导航能力、教学策略和认知风格的匹配程度对学习效果的影响等四个方面进行了回溯,探讨了超媒体对学习者的影响.     

Towards a Categorisation of Cognitive Styles and Learning Styles

This paper considers the construct, ‘style’, in the study of individual differences and learning. The origin and elaboration of learning style as a concept is discussed, tracing the influence of a cognition and a learning‐centred approach to the psychology of individual difference. The authors argue that a contemporary overview of style can contribute to a rationalisation of the theory and facilitate a greater application of learning style in educational practice. A case is made for the need to integrate more fully various models of style into a single construct of learning style.     

认知操作、认知方式与严谨性人格特质的关系

采用实验性认知测试法考察严谨性人格特质与认知操作速度、认知操作准确性及其相对优势即慎思性一冲动性认知方式的关系。结果表明：(1)高严谨性被试的认知操作准确性显著高于低严谨性被试；低严谨性被试的认知操作速度显著高于高严谨性被试。(2)高低严谨性被试在慎思性一冲动性认知方式的评价指标分数上存在显著差异，高严谨性被试更多地倾向于慎思型认知方式，低严谨性被试更多地倾向于冲动型认知方式。(3)不同认知操作任务中，被试的认知方式评价指标分数之间有显著相关。     

教师认知风格与教学策略

由于中国学生总体上属于场依存型的学习者，因此教师应当适当调整自己的教学方式或教学策略，以帮助学生培养场独立型的学习风格，从而使他们具有较强的自学能力。     

网络学习环境与学生认知方式的实证研究

本研究探讨场独立和依赖型认知方式的学习者在全局和系列的网络学习环境下学习,匹配和不匹配认知方式的学习环境对学习者学习效果的影响。实证研究结果支持“学习者认知方式是网上学习材料界面设计的一个重要影响因素,可以利用认知方式创造适合学习者的学习环境,提高学习效果”的说法。     

Cognitive Styles—an overview and integration

This review article considered the nature of styles and strategies and then surveyed work on cognitive styles. Different researchers have used a variety of labels for the styles they have investigated. Analysis of the way in which they assessed style, its effect on behaviour and performance, and studies of the relationship to other labels, suggested that the labels may be grouped into two principal cognitive styles. These were labelled the Wholist‐Analytic and Verbialiser‐Imager dimensions. A computer presented method of assessing the position of an individual on these dimensions was described.     

Science Process Skills and Cognitive Preference Styles

The study examined the differences in cognitive styles between two comparable groups of students at the Grade 9 (Secondary 3) level, namely the LSS (Lower Secondary Science) group who had been exposed to the practical-based, inquiry-oriented type of science and the non-LSS group of students who had studied the more traditional type of science in the “old” science curriculum. Their differences in science achievement are measured by the common IEA Science Paper-Pencil, Multiple Choice Criterion Test and also, by the Science Process or Practical Test (which measured three levels of process skills, such as the observation/manipulation, reasoning and investigation skills). Variance in science achievement thus measured is examined against the 4 cognitive preference styles of the students, (measured by the Combined Cognitive Preference Inventory) namely the “recall”, “principles”, “applications” and “questioning” modes of thinking. The findings indicated that (a) the attainment of the science process or practical skills was characterised by the type of science curriculum (LSS or non-LSS) and it was significantly associated with the achievement level of students, (b) the cognitive preference pattern covaried according to the students' level of science achievement and the type of curriculum and (c) the weak but significant relationship between performance in the science practical skills and the students' modes of cognitive style have important implications for teachers who are concerned about the intended effects of changes in the science curriculum on the consequent learning behaviour or cognitive outcome of their students.     

认知风格差异与第二语言习得

个体差异是影响语言教学的一个重要因素,不同认知风格的学生往往会采用不同的学习策略。文章通过分析学生主体认知风格的差异,探讨了在外语教学中,教师应选择适合于学习者认知风格的教学方法,真正做到因材施教,从而提高外语教学质量。     

Cognitive Styles: an integrated model

Abstract Cognitive styles are potentially useful in education as a means of characterizing stable individual differences that influence the effectiveness of teaching and learning. However, anyone interested in using styles in either research or practice is faced with a literature that is not only disorganized but also dated. Little basic research is being done to clarify the conceptual and measurement problems that bedevil the field. One way to revive interest in basic research would be to link ‘traditional’ conceptions of cognitive styles with the more vigorous field of cognitive psychology. This might result in new ways of conceptualizing individual styles, as well as resolving the problem of the relationships between styles. In this paper, I take a step in this direction by integrating some of the more common conceptions of cognitive styles into an information processing model of cognition.     

双重认知外语教学策略的数学建模评价

文章将数学、统计学和心理学等基础理论应用于外语教学研究,从跨学科的角度,应用数学建模对发展双重认知的外语教学策略进行评价研究,仿真实验表明了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

认知方式差异与外语隐喻能力

从隐喻产生的认知基础和人的认知方式出发 ,分析了个体认知方式差异与隐喻能力的关系 ,提出 :学生的隐喻能力有助于外语学习 ,培养学生的隐喻能力应先从培养学生的思维方式做起。     

大学生认知风格分布情况的研究

该文在回顾前人研究的基础上,采用镶嵌图形(CSFT)和问卷调查相结合的方法对249名大学生的认知风格进行了测试。研究结果表明,目前中国大学生英语学习者中场依存的较场独立的略多一点;男性学习者的场更独立,而女性的场则更依存,两性之间的认知风格差异显著之结论具有研究价值。     

认知视角解读隐喻性矛盾修辞格

隐喻与矛盾修辞格作为两个独立的辞格,可以组合成隐喻性矛盾修辞格。语义重合、心理重合、幽默重合使得隐喻与矛盾修辞格的结合成为可能。根据源域、目标域和喻底中存在语义相悖的不同位置,总结隐喻性矛盾修辞格六种基本语言表达形式。     

认知风格和性别对不同类型框架效应的影响

框架效应指当决策问题的表述发生改变时,决策选择发生反转的现象。该现象体现了决策过程中问题表述对理性决策的干扰。以往研究对风险决策框架给予了高度关注,然而缺乏对其他类型决策框架以及框架效应影响因素的探讨。认知风格和性别作为重要的个体差异变量,对决策中不同类型框架效应产生了怎样的影响目前仍不清楚。本研究采用问卷调查法,对该问题进行了探讨。研究发现：（1）与男生相比,女生更容易出现框架效应;（2）认知风格与框架效应具有显著相关关系;（3）认知风格对不同类型的框架效应存在不同的影响,场依存认知风格的人更容易产生风险框架效应和目标框架效应,场独立认知风格的人更容易产生属性框架效应。     

认知风格与外语学习关系探索

在外语学习中,学生的自主性和个性化学习需要学生了解自身的认知风格,同时教师也要了解学生的学习风格。然而,对学习风格在外语学习中的作用与影响的研究起步晚,研究少且范围窄。在对艾尔曼(Ehrman)和利物尔(Leaver)的10种认知风格类型中的学习者特征及与外语学习的关系进行探讨的基础上,应用认知风格,提出了外语教学和学习的建议。     

英语听力的认知方法

英语听力理解,作为典型的“通过做来学”的技巧,要求学习者必须掌握在听的同时针对关键的语言成分使用恰当的听力策略,从而最终理解所听到的内容。有别于读和写,听的过程是稍纵即逝而不可随意逆转的,拘泥于通过语音语调的分析和训练来提高学习者的听力水平是远远不够的。笔者认为,理解过程中对认知成分以及听力中的种种暗示的学习可以更有效地帮助学习者提高听力理解。     

Cognitive Teaching Methods for Special Education: Development of Approaches for Intervention and Assessment in Germany

FOLLOWING a short introduction to historical aspects of the development of cognitive teaching methods, four current areas of research are described: cognitive behaviour modification with a focus on problem solving and metacognitive abilities, comprising the methods of cognitive modelling and self‐instruction; intelligence training based on the theoretical propositions of inductive thinking; attempts at applying Piagetian concepts as a conceptual framework for education and training; dynamic testing, focussing on modifiability of performance and thus bridging the gap between diagnostic assessment and education. Basic theoretical assumptions, methods and applications are separately discussed for each of these fields. Empirical data are presented for evaluation of their level of development Summarizing the results, it seems, that promising effects of training and fruitful application of diagnostic procedures can be obtained; however, implementation of the respective methods in special education settings does not show great progress. It is, thus, concluded that research on implementation is indispensable.     

Measures of Cognitive Styles: A Critical Review

The target of this analysis is the soundness of the evidence for cognitive styles. Cognitive styles were examined to question the relation between conceptual and empirical levels. Several criteria for the distinction between cognitive styles and intellective abilities (Messick, 1984) were posited to answer this question. My analysis demonstrates the limitations oh: the evidence in support of cognitive styles. The measures of cognitive styles do not sufficiently match the criteria on the conceptual level: Consistent convergent and discriminant validity is lacking. Most style measures are best interpreted as ability tests. I Sufficient empirical evidence of any cognitive style dimension in the sense of a bipolar, value-differentiated preference construct cutting across domains is lacking. Although cognitive style research is not rendered completely useless, a vast amount of empirical research needs to be reinterpreted.     

科学发现中的弱认知方法及其教育启示

科学发现是真正的创造性问题解决过程，它最有效和最常用的思维形式是类比推理，其中常用的类比推理形式主要包括本域类比，近域类比和远域类比，其认知操作则是对多重问题空间进行搜索的过程，认知心理学关于科学发现的研究对我国基础教育具有重要启示；加强对青少年进行的科学教育，并在教育中把智能训练与专门科学知识的掌握紧密结合，把弱认知方法的训练与强认知方法的训练紧密结合，通过科学课程的教学和验证性的科学实验过程，着力培养青少年学生的团结协作意识，敏锐的观察力，强烈的好奇心。     

场依存一场独立认知风格与大学英语听力教学

大学生英语听力水平高低受多方因素影响,文章试图从场依存一场独立这组认知风格入手,对比两种不同认知风格的特点,以学生本身的认知特点为出发点调查研究其与学生听力水平的内在联系,并进一步探讨大学英语听力教学的策略。