论成人学习理论视域下的教师专业发展

自20世纪80年代以来,教师专业发展日趋成为人们关注的焦点和当代教育改革的热点问题之一,不同的学者对教师专业发展的内涵做出了不尽相同的阐释。毋庸讳言,当前的教师专业发展模式存在很多问题,而造成其发展困境的重要原因就在于对于教师成人主体身份的关注不足,由此迫切需要回归教师的成人身份,从成人学习理论视角找到教师专业发展的理论基础和实践支撑,如运用其中的自我导向学习理论、转化学习理论、非正式学习理论以及情境学习理论等来解读教师专业发展的途径,以期能促进教师真正实现专业自主发展。     

成人学习理论下教师教育与教师专业发展再思考

研究目的在于应用成人学习理论指导教师教育的实践,促进教师专业发展。首先,通过诺尔斯的成人教育学理论分析了成人学习理论对教师教育的适用性,探究各个成人学习论对教师教育的指导作用和对教师发展的促进作用,构建了较为完整的指导框架。然后,分别阐述了自我导向学习理论指导下教师教育生成内生动力,促进教师知识发展;转化学习理论对于教师教育提供新途径,促进教师伦理发展;熟练理论指导教师教育产生外部动力,帮助提升教师专业能力;情境学习理论指导下创设多元的教师教育环境,丰富教师实践经验。最后,成人学习理论于教师教育领域具有很强的适用性,应充分尊重教师成人身份和主体地位。     

库伯经验学习理论及其对成人教师专业发展的启示

在杜威的经验学习模式、皮亚杰的学习认知发展模式和勒温的行动研究实验训练模式基础上,库伯提出经验学习理论。库伯的经验学习理论探讨了经验学习的定义、特征和模式,为成人学习者的经验学习提供了有力指导,同时也为成人教师的专业发展提供了重要的启示,即成人教师的专业发展是持续不断的过程,注重批判性反思观念,营造专业发展氛围,增强专业发展意识,立足真实生活世界。     

转化学习理论及其对我国成人远程教育的启示

转化学习是成人对已有意义观点或参考框架进行改变的过程,成人只有不断地批判、反思和转化自己的世界观、人生观和价值观,建立新的世界观、人生观和价值观,才能获得解放和发展,才能适应现实生活的各种变化。转化学习理论深入探讨了成人心理意义结构、扭曲的意义观以及成人学习的类型。转化学习理论的产生和发展有其深厚的哲学、心理学和教育学的理论基础。     

基于转化学习理论的成人教学研究

转化学习理论是成人学习者通过质疑、批判性反思原有的认知经验、世界观和人生观,学习新经验和适应新环境的成人学习理论。本文通过介绍转化学习理论以及其应用于成人教学的必要性,探究基于转化学习的成人教学策略,以促进我国成人教学发展。     

国外成人转化学习理论研究的回顾与展望

成人转化学习理论作为一种新型的成人学习理论,最早由美国成人教育家麦基罗提出。这种理论从它诞生之日起便受到了广大成人教育者的广泛关注,并取得了相对丰硕的研究成果。本文主要回顾国外成人教育学者对这一问题的理论研究成果,并在此基础上,对已有的研究成果进行评述,以期能够把握未来成人转化学习理论发展的趋向。     

基于转化学习理论的成人高等教育发展策略探究

转化学习理论博采众长,形成了自己独特的理论体系。它对我国成人高等教育具有较强的适切性,有助于提高成人学生抓住机遇的能力、批判反思的能力、交流互动的能力和转化整合的能力。基于转化学习理论,成人高等教育发展应该采取以下策略:开展情境教学,培养成人学生的反思能力;扩大教育对象,加强弱势群体的转化教育;利用理性交谈,建立成人师生间的对话教学;明确教育目标,促进成人学生的整体发展。     

国外成人转化学习理论发展的比较研究

20世纪70年代以来,成人转化学习逐渐引起国外研究者的关注,成为与成人学习活动相关的“第三条研究路线”,并取得一系列研究成果.文章选取具有代表性的麦基罗、弗莱雷、博伊德等人的成人转化学习理论,通过对其进行比较和分析,以探讨国外成人转化学习理论研究的发展.     

转化学习的基本理论探究及启示

在建构主义、哈贝马斯和弗莱雷的影响下,美国学者杰克·梅兹罗对成人生活中一种独特的学习现象进行了挖掘和阐释,并创立了转化学习理论。发展至今,该理论不仅在学理层面上发展出一整套包括意义观点、意义体系和反思等在内的概念体系,还在实践层面上对转化学习的发展阶段和发生条件做出深入探索。而转化学习理论在创建和探索过程中所表现出的一些品质,又为我国成人教育理论的本土构建提供了有益的借鉴及启示。     

开发成人教育课程 实现转化学习

转化学习是成人学习理论新进展的重要方面,通过转化学习,成人能够认清并更正原有扭曲的意义观点,对于成人的持续发展意义重大。但在成人教育的实践中,由于成人存在一定的"自我中心主义",在一定程度上阻碍学习者对根深蒂固的信仰、观念、判断标准等方面进行批判性反思,实现转化学习并非易事,因此成人教育应重视开发转化学习的针对性课程,力求促使成人形成更具包容性、开放性的意义观点,以便更好地适应生活。     

Relating to the ‘Other’: transformative,intercultural learning in post-colonial contexts

In this paper we use Transformative Learning Theory as a lens for making sense of teachers’ learning from study visits to the Global South. Transformative Learning theory is made up of two main elements: the form of transformations and the processes that support transformations. ‘Life changing’ experiences as expressed by study visit participants have been interpreted as transformational, but questions about who and what are transformed, and whether this is at the expense of the ‘Other’, are rarely addressed. Drawing on data from a project investigating study visits for UK teachers to Gambia and Southern India, we analyse the form that changes take and discuss whether these can be seen as transformational. We argue that without an explicit focus on relational forms of knowledge about culture and identity, self and other, the potential for transformations in how we relate to, and learn from, each other in postcolonial contexts is severely diminished.     

Addressing contradictions in teachers’ practice through professional learning: an activity theory perspective

ABSTRACT

This case study focuses on the professional learning of 38 K-9 teachers who engaged in a professional development (PD) programme in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) through collaborative action research (CAR). Through the lens of CHAT or Cultural-Historical Activity Theory, the author examined what teachers were learning, the contextual factors that influenced their learning and classroom practice, and the outcomes of this PD initiative. The changing activity system of the teachers is described, as well as how they addressed contradictions in their practice. Addressing these contradictions resulted in an expansion of their object and professional growth. The study contributes to a growing body of research in teacher education which applies CHAT as a conceptual framework to understand teacher professional learning and how interactions among activity system components influence teachers’ development and practice.     

维果茨基社会文化理论视域中的教师专业发展

维果茨基的社会文化理论采用多维方法,特别关注个体认知、情感、社会和情境方面的变化,对我们理解教师的学习和发展模式提供了新的视角。考察了社会中介的概念,它是维果茨基学习理论与现有教师专业发展模式之间缺失的环节。新教师可以使用各种工具,包括专业期刊、通信工具、在线论坛、互联网、相关软件、实习或实习脚手架的内部或外部来源,促进专业发展并逐步成长为专家教师。讨论了拟议方法对设计和实施教师专业发展的各种影响,将教师专业发展与维果茨基的社会文化理论的核心原则联系起来。     

Professional development in person: identity and the construction of teaching within a high school science department

This is a narrative inquiry into the role of professional development in the construction of teaching practice by an exemplary urban high school science teacher. I collected data during 3 years of ethnographic participant observation in Marie Gonzalez’s classroom. Marie told stories about her experiences in ten years of professional development focused on inquiry science teaching. I use a social practice theory lens to analyze my own stories as well as Marie’s. I make the case that science teaching is best understood as mediated by socially-constructed identities rather than as the end-product of knowledge and beliefs. The cognitive paradigm for understanding teachers’ professional learning fails to consistently produce transformations of teaching practice. In order to design professional development with science teachers that is generative of new knowledge, and is self-sustaining, we must understand how to build knowledge of how to problematize identities and consciously use social practice theory.     

Teacher learning in Lesson Study: Affordances,disturbances, contradictions,and implications

Lesson Study is a form of professional development where teachers collaboratively design research lessons and improve instruction using the evidence they have gathered on student learning and development. This article reports on a professional learning team’s enactment of Lesson Study in an elementary school. A methodological approach informed by Cultural-Historical Activity Theory was adopted to study teacher learning practices that provided affordances to teacher learning, practices that produced disturbances to teacher learning, and underlying systemic contradictions revealed by the disturbances. The findings suggest implications for enhancing school-based professional development through Lesson Study.     

Changing theories,changing practice: exploring early childhood teachers’ professional learning

In a period of radical educational reform, improving understanding of teachers’ professional learning is important for those who seek to make changes in classroom practice. Research-based enquiry is seen as the foundation of reflective practice, enabling teachers to generate pedagogical knowledge. However, teachers’ professional learning is inadequately theorized, and there is a lack of clarity about the type of theoretical framework to guide their development. This article gives insights into how teachers change their theories and practice. The data are drawn from a research study carried out in England which examined nine early childhood teachers’ theories of play and their relationship to practice. As an unintended outcome of their close involvement in the data collection and analysis, all of the teachers changed their theories, or practice, or both. The contexts which stimulated these changes and the learning processes which the teachers experienced are described and analyzed. On the basis of these data, a three-stage model of change is proposed and explicated, based on Fenstermacher's theory of professional learning. The conclusions indicate a need for a theoretical underpinning for teachers’ professional development which might also inform the design of teacher education courses.     

基于协作学习的教师专业发展平台的设计与实现——以“知行渝盟”为例

随着信息技术的发展,网络成为了教师专业发展的重要支撑平台。协作学习模式作为教师群体成长方式之一,其高效性已得到了理论和实践界的充分认可。文章采用实证研究的方法,以协作学习和教师专业发展相关理论为依托,从理论和实践两方面,对基于协作学习的教师专业发展平台进行了研究。"知行渝盟"案例证明,协作学习是教师群体活动的方式之一,促进了教师专业发展和实践能力的提高。     

STEM Career Changers’ Transformation into Science Teachers

This study examines the transformation (professional growth) of career-changing women scientists who decided to become teachers. Drawing upon Mezirow’s Transformative Learning Theory, we tracked their transformation for 3 years. Our findings revealed multiple identities, disorientation, a perceived sense of meaninglessness, loss and eventual regain in confidence, gain in pedagogical knowledge and skill, and changed perceptions of the social roles of science teachers and scientists. Driven by personal choice or need (financial, intellectual), such transformations were achieved through active pursuit of meaning in one’s work, critical assessment of assumptions, planning, and trying on the unfamiliar role of a science teacher. It is argued that such transition entails complex changes in thinking about science teaching and identifying oneself as a science teacher.