共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
This paper is an attempt to present disclosive ethics as a framework for computer and information ethics – in line with the
suggestions by Brey, but also in quite a different manner. The potential of such an approach is demonstrated through a disclosive
analysis of facial recognition systems. The paper argues that the politics of information technology is a particularly powerful
politics since information technology is an opaque technology – i.e. relatively closed to scrutiny. It presents the design
of technology as a process of closure in which design and use decisions become black-boxed and progressively enclosed in increasingly
complex socio-technical networks. It further argues for a disclosive ethics that aims to disclose the nondisclosure of politics
by claiming a place for ethics in every actual operation of power – as manifested in actual design and use decisions and practices.
It also proposes that disclosive ethics would aim to trace and disclose the intentional and emerging enclosure of politics
from the very minute technical detail through to social practices and complex social-technical networks. The paper then proceeds
to do a disclosive analysis of facial recognition systems. This analysis discloses that seemingly trivial biases in recognition
rates of FRSs can emerge as very significant political acts when these systems become used in practice.
Paper prepared for the Technology and Ethics Workshop at Twente 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ashley Stanley K. Chavda A. Subramanian S. V. Prabhu T. F. Ashavaid 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):239-242
The dopamine receptor-D4 and the dopamine transporter have been investigated for their role in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Reports of their genetic association with ADHD have shown mixed results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) of the DRD4 and DAT1 genes with ADHD in children. A pilot 1:1 case control study, with 44 clinically confirmed ADHD cases and 44 age/gender matched healthy controls, was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Mumbai. Variable number tandem repeats of DRD4 exon 3, DAT1 intron 8 and 3′UTR were genotyped by PCR-AGE. Several allele repeats of the genes were observed in the screened subjects. Statistical significance was observed for the 10R/10R genotype of the DAT1 3′UTR VNTR between cases and controls. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
T. A. Ajith 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2010,25(1):67-73
Iron is an essential nutrient for a number of cellular activities. However, excess cellular iron can be toxic by producing
reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion (O2−) and hydroxyl radical (HO·) that damage proteins, lipids and DNA. Mutagenic and genotoxic end products of lipid peroxidation can induce the decline
of mitochondrial respiration and are associated with various human ailments including aging, neurodegenerative disorders,
cancer etc. Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) is a widely used spice around the world. The protective effect of aqueous
ethanol extract of Z. officinale against ROS-induced in vitro lipid peroxidation and DNA damage was evaluated in this study.
The lipid peroxidation was induced by hydroxyl radical generated from Fenton’s reaction in rat liver and brain homogenates
and mitochondrial fraction (isolated from rat liver). The DNA protection was evaluated using H2O2-induced changes in pBR-322 plasmid and Fenton reaction-induced DNA fragmentation in rat liver. The results indicated that
Z. officinale significantly (P<0.001) protected the lipid peroxidation in all the tissue homogenate/mitochondria. The extract
at 2 and 0.5 mg/ml could protect 92 % of the lipid peroxidation in brain homogenate and liver mitochondria respectively. The
percent inhibition of lipid peroxidation at 1mg/ml of Z. officinale in the liver homogenate was 94 %. However, the extract
could partially alleviate the DNA damage. The protective mechanism can be correlated to the radical scavenging property of
Z. officinale. The results of the study suggest the possible nutraceutical role of Z. officinale against the oxidative stress
induced human ailments. 相似文献
9.
10.
Amirhosein Khoshi Yousof Mortazavi Abbass Akbari Sepideh Sokhanvar Sadraddin Kalantari 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):381-387
Elevated Apolipoprotein B Apolipoprotein A-I ratio is a risk factor for predicting coronary artery disease (CAD). Paraoxonase
1 (PON1) is a high density lipoprotein (HDL) associated serum enzyme. PON1 protects lowdensity lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidative
modifications and thus has a protective effect against CAD progression. There are two common polymorphisms, Q192R and L55M,
in PON1 gene. There may be a relationship between these polymorphisms and elevated ApoB/ApoA-I ratios. Therefore, we decided
to evaluate effect of these polymorphisms on individuals with high and normal ApoB/ApoA-I ratios. To evaluate Q192R and L55M
polymorphisms in Iranian case group (n=75) with high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio, and control group (n=75) with normal ApoB/ApoA-I ratio,
we carried out PCR using specific primers. Then, we digested PCR products by RFLP. ApoB and ApoA-I levels were determined
by immunoturbidimetry method. Genotype frequencies for Q192R were determined: 49.3%QQ, 44%QR, 6.7%RR in case group, and 53.3%QQ,
33.3%QR, 13.4%RR in controls (P= 0.236). Genotype frequencies for L55M were determined: 21.3%LL, 68%LM, 10.7%MM in case group
and 42.7%LL, 52%LM, 5.3%MM in controls (P= 0.016). A significant relationship between L55M polymorphism and familial history
of cardiovascular disease was found (P= 0.011). In our study PON1L55M polymorphism was associated with high ApoB/ApoA-I ratios
in case group. Thus, L55M polymorphism may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Since L55M polymorphism
was associated with familial history of cardiovascular disease, it is better to evaluate L55M polymorphism in younger ages
even in the absence of high ApoB/ApoA-I ratios. 相似文献
11.
Ramesh Chander Kavita Singh A K Khanna S M Kaul Anju Puri Rashmi Saxena Gitika Bhatia Farhan Rizvi A K. Rastogi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):141-148
Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) stem bark was successively extracted with petroleum ether (A), solvent ether (B), ethanol (C) and water (D). The lipid lowering
activity of these four fractions A, B, C, and D was evaluatedin vivo in two models viz., triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipemia in rats as well as fructose rich high fat diet (HFD) fed diabetic-
dyslipidemic hamsters. Hyperlipidemia induced by triton caused marked increase in the plasma levels of total cholesterol (Tc),
triglyceride (Tg) and phospholipids (PL) in rats. After treament withT. arjuna fractions A, B, C, and D at the doses of 250 mg/kg per oral (p.o.),only the ethanolic fraction (C) exerted significant lipid
lowering effect as assessed by reversal of plasma levels of Tc, Tg and PL in hyperlipidemic rats. In another experiment, feeding
with HFD produced marked dyslipidemia as observed by increased levels of plasma Tc, Tg, glucose (Glu), glycerol (Gly) and
free fatty acids (FFA) in hamsters. After treatment withT. arjuna fractions at the doses of 250 mg/kg p.o. only two fraction (B and C) could exert significant lowering in the plasma levels
of lipids and Glu. in dyslipidemic hamsters.In vitro experimentT. arjuna fractions at tested concentrations (50–500 μg/ml) inhibited the oxidative degradation of lipids in human low density lipoprotein
and rat liver microsomes induced by metal ions. These fractions when tested against generation of oxygen free radicals at
the concentrations (50–500 μg/ml), counteracted the formation of superoxide anions (O−2) and hydrodyl radicals (OH) in non enzymic test systems. The efficacy ofT. arjuna fractions as antidyslipidemic and antioxidant agents was found, fraction C> fraction B> fraction A. 相似文献
12.
Knowledge is the currency of the current economy and a vital resource for sustaining organisational performance in today’s knowledge-based intensively competitive business environment. To avoid the detrimental consequences of knowledge loss, managers are urged to identify where knowledge stocks exist and how knowledge flows within their organisations by identifying knowledge holders among their employees. Although some studies have attempted to use different methods to measure knowledge at the organisational level, very few have addressed the individual knowledge holder. Moving from a critical literature review of the existing knowledge measurement approaches, this paper proposes a novel framework that enables organisations to measure individual knowledge in the business context using a set of metrics, which are subsequently validated via a series of in-depth interviews with senior managers. A summary of the managers’ views on individual knowledge measurement is presented, and reflections on the industry application of the proposed framework and recommendations for its improvement are also discussed. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents the results of an on-going research project aiming at developing GraviCS, an information system supporting local government and citizens in managing argumentations during the setting up of a Regional Natural Park in Southern Italy. We consider that organizational memory, structured within information systems supporting decision-making and action in organizational environments, can be a useful means for developing multilevel (individual, group, organizational) collaborative learning; in this sense the system architecture was designed referring to the organizational domain emerging in the decision making context of a Natural Park and was finalized to the dynamic representation of the organizational memory. Starting from the case study – the process for the Gravina Natural Park setting-up – , the paper describes the system's architecture and discusses some issues related to: possible dynamic representations of organizational memory; creation, use and storage of decision/learning histories. 相似文献
14.
15.
Bhetariya PJ Madan T Basir SF Varma A Usha SP 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(2):104-119
The medical, agricultural and biotechnological importance of the primitive eukaryotic microorganisms, the Fungi was recognized
way back in 1920. Among various groups of fungi, the Aspergillus species are studied in great detail using advances in genomics and proteomics to unravel biological and molecular mechanisms
in these fungi. Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus terreus are some of the important species relevant to human, agricultural and biotechnological applications. The potential of Aspergillus species to produce highly diversified complex biomolecules such as multifunctional proteins (allergens, antigens, enzymes)
and polyketides is fascinating and demands greater insight into the understanding of these fungal species for application
to human health. Recently a regulator gene for secondary metabolites, LaeA has been identified. Gene mining based on LaeA
has facilitated new metabolites with antimicrobial activity such as emericellamides and antitumor activity such as terrequinone
A from A. nidulans. Immunoproteomic approach was reported for identification of few novel allergens for A. fumigatus. In this context, the review is focused on recent developments in allergens, antigens, structural and functional diversity
of the polyketide synthases that produce polyketides of pharmaceutical and biological importance. Possible antifungal drug
targets for development of effective antifungal drugs and new strategies for development of molecular diagnostics are considered. 相似文献
16.
17.
The anti oxidative effect of administration of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw of the flower powder of Cassia auriculata (CFP) for 45 days to normoglycemic and diabetic rats (streptozotocin induced) was studied. Anti oxidative effect was not
observed in normoglycemic rats in the experiment. There was significant (P > 0.05) increase in the level of Thio Barbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), hydroperoxide and conjugated dienes and
significant (P > 0.05) decrease in the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and in the level of ascorbic
acid, vitamin E and reduced glutathione in diabetic rats. The flower powder of Cassia auriculata significantly (P > 0.05) decreased the TBARS, hydroperoxide and conjugated dienes and increased the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide
dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and non enzymic anti oxidants (ascorbic acid, vitamin E and reduced glutathione). The
antioxidatve effect of 200 mg/kg bw CFP was significantly (P > 0.05) better than 100 mg/kg bw CFP and the reference drugs (tolbutamide and metformin). The mode of action of CFP remains
to be elicited. 相似文献
18.
19.
M. I. Akpanabiatu I. B. Umoh E. E. Edet T. Ekanem S. Ukaffia J. I. Ndem 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):241-244
Serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are key players in the
diagnostic study of cardiac complications. These enzymes are specific diagnostic markers of myocardial infarction and hypertension
is a disease condition characterized with a wide range of complications, including myocardial infarction. In this study, we
determined the effects of interaction of vitamin A and Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) root bark extract on marker enzymes of cardiac
diseases. CK and CK-MB activities had significant decrease in the group of animals with concomitant administration of vitamin
A (40 IU/kg body wt.) and 150 mg/kg body wt. of RV root bark extract. At the interaction of vitamin A with 300 mg/kg body
wt. RV root bark extract, CK-MB only showed significant (p ≥ 0.05) decrease while CK decreased insignificantly. Also at the
interaction of vitamin A with 300 mg/kg body wt. RV root bark extract, AST increased significantly but decreased significantly
at the interaction of vitamin A (40 IU/kg body wt.) and 150 mg/kg body wt. of RV root bark extract. Our findings showed that
vitamin A dose did not lower the activities of cardiac marker enzymes. However, concomitant administration of RV root bark
extract at 150 mg/kg body wt. with vitamin A shows significant reduction in the activities of CK, CK-MB and AST. These findings
suggest that interaction of vitamin A with RV root bark extract would be a meaningful ethno-pharmaceutical approach in the
management of myocardial infarction and treatment of hypertension. 相似文献