Reexamining Diversity: A Look at the Deaf Community in Museums

In accordance with the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, museums serve their deaf visitors by offering assistance through accessibility programs designed specifically to provide access to the museum, its collections, and/or information in an exhibition or program that would otherwise be unattainable by a person with a disability. Accessibility provisions such as signed tours, TTYs, and subtitled audio information have helped deaf people experience and enjoy museums. While these programs and provisions are necessary museum services, they do not acknowledge the view of many Deaf people—that they are not disabled but rather members of a community that does not hear. Nor do accessibility programs generally include programs on the shared traditions, values, and language that make up the culture of the Deaf community. This paper seeks to introduce museum professionals to the Deaf cultural community and Deaf cultural exhibitions that celebrate the history, achievements, and tradition of Deaf people; it offers steps to follow in planning such exhibitions and provides some examples.     

我国图书馆服务的价值取向：公益性与效益性的统一

公益性是图书馆的基本属性。我国图书馆的发展既要坚持公益性服务为主,又要遵循市场经济的基本规律．开展一定程度的经营性服务。将公益性与效益性和谐发展,以实现图书馆社会效益和经济效益的最大化。     

信息资源建设不能只增长不升级——论我国数字图书馆中文信息的采掘与加工

构建数字图书馆 ,最重要的是建立优质的信息资源保障体系。在现阶段 ,我们必须围绕支持我国的知识创新工程 ,支持科技与经济发展来构建中文信息资源 ,不仅要求得数量的增长 ,更应当注重质量的提高     

科技论文综合评价体系的研究与思考

科技论文的评价工作是科技期刊实现优质信息资源汇聚,进而创造经济效益和社会效益的重要保障,关系到读者、作者与编者的切身利益和正常的编辑出版秩序,是一项综合性的社会系统工程。围绕这一中心,阐述科技论文综合评价体系的基本结构,分析常用的评价方法并比较了各自相对于评价目标的优劣特点,指明科技期刊编辑部在这一体系中的枢纽地位和主要任务,并列举编辑利用期刊特有的语言传递评价意见的若干可行方法。     

Librarian as Professional

What does it mean to be a professional, and do librarians meet the academic definition of a professional? Professions are strongly related to identity, and stereotypes associated with the culture of a profession are going to have some effect on the public’s perceptions of that profession. The stereotype of the vaguely purposed but somehow controlling older person (who “shushes” patrons to maintain silence) does not contribute positively to the professional image of a librarian. Library users do not even superficially understand what librarians do, and this leads to an undervaluing of the impact and importance of librarians. In the modern environment of budget challenges, it is important to be able to articulate the value of both libraries and particularly librarians. This article explores the sociological academic literature on professions to determine if librarianship meets the requirements to be a profession, if library literature supports librarianship as a profession, and why it matters for librarians to be seen as professionals.     

AUTOMATION OF SERIALS CHECK-IN

This paper discusses what "automation of serials" should mean. It should include the all important check-in function, which is complicated for various reasons. Administrators don't usually know that a central serials file is dynamite. After watching computers we have come to realize how efficient a manual system can be and why. A truly automated system does not yet exist, but there are some semi-automated operations. Since computerization is here to stay, this paper sounds a number of warnings, among them the specter of information inflation and bibliographic overkill. Yet in the future automated serials systems will be effective if they are on-line and comprehensive, including full claiming and binding control, and ideally the ability to write checks. Reasons are given to explain why NOTIS-3 is probably the best system now in operation, although apparently not yet cost effective. This paper ends with a discussion of costs. Good cost studies do not appear to exist; yet a computerized serials system should not cost more than a manual one.     

青少年网络搜索行为影响因素实证研究

通过对现有研究成果的分析,建立青少年网络搜索行为影响因素的结构体系,提出从社会和个人两个视角来揭示青少年网络搜索行为的影响关系,并采用结构方程模型方法验证这一研究假设。研究结果表明,青少年的搜索动机、自我效能、感知搜索能力、学历及知识经验对搜索行为有明显影响,而感知收益、感知成本和性别对搜索行为无明显影响。     

网络信息资源的经济管理研究(Ⅰ) ——论我国互联网实体的经济管理

本文认为,网络实体的经济管理尽管涉及的范围较广,但归根结底是一个管理体制的问题.目前,互联网电路资源的垄断经营依然是我国在网络实体经济管理中存在的关键问题.它所造成的负效应,严重阻碍了我国互联网业的发展.要解决这一问题,就必须打破行业垄断.引入和培育竞争机制,并建立有利于保护公平竞争的监管体制.     

基于重置成本视角的图书遗失赔偿制度思考

图书外借遗失,理当进行相应赔偿,国内众多图书馆采用以图书原价为基数乘以一定倍数的方法计算赔偿额,而用这种简单倍率制算出的赔偿额往往与图书馆实际损失相去甚远。而从重置成本角度分析图书遗失赔偿,则可厘清图书赔偿过程的真实成本构成,确定一个合理的赔偿额度,为图书馆和遗失者之间达成平衡,这有助于构筑和谐图书馆氛围。     

Power Laws in altmetrics: An empirical analysis

Power Laws are a characteristic distribution found in both natural as well as in man-made systems. Previous studies have shown that citations to scientific articles follow a power law, i.e., the number of papers having a certain level of citation x are proportional to x raised to some negative power. However, the distributional character of altmetrics (such as reads, likes, mentions, etc.) has not been studied in much detail, particularly with respect to existence of power law behaviours. This article, therefore, attempts to do an empirical analysis of altmetric mention data of a large set of scholarly articles to see if they exhibit power law. The individual and the composite data series of ‘mentions’ on the various platforms are fit to a power law distribution, and the parameters and goodness of fit are determined, both using least squares regression as well as the Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) approach. We also explore the fit of the mention data to other distribution families like the Log-normal and exponential distributions. Results obtained confirm the existence of power law behaviour in social media mentions to scholarly articles. The Log-normal distribution also looks plausible but is not found to be statistically significant, and the exponential distribution does not show a good fit. Major implications of power law in altmetrics are given and interesting research questions are posed in pursuit of enhancing the reliability of altmetrics for research evaluation purposes.     

浙江省科技经费投入与经济增长关系的研究

研究采用格兰杰因果检验方法,对浙江省1990-2011年度研究与试验发展经费支出、大中型工业企业科技活动经费支出以及高等学校科技活动经费支出的统计,进行科技经费投入与经济增长之间关系的实证分析。研究结果显示,总体上,浙江省科技经费投入与经济增长之间存在着明显的格兰杰因果关系,并构成了稳定的均衡关系。长期来看,大中型工业企业科技经费投入与经济增长之间不存在明显的格兰杰因果关系。经济增长对科技经费投入基本不存在单项的格兰杰因果关系,经济的增长需要投入更多的科技经费,但同时不能忽视经费投入效率。     

Book Review

Over the last 2 decades, mergers and acquisitions (M&;A) have become the most preferred strategic tool of firms in the media industry. As still claimed by analysts and managers, M&;A deals are expected to generate greater economic efficiency, especially through size effects (economies of scale and scope and other synergies). However, it seems that the hopes placed in these synergies are generally disappointed. Indeed, among a sample of 11 media firms for fiscal years 1998 and 1999, it appears a firm's size and a simultaneous presence in many businesses of the media industries do not improve economic performance, nor does the possession of complementary assets. The existence of economies of scale and scope, or at least the ability of firms to implement them, has still to be proved. Inversely, the internationalization rate of firms, especially for non-U.S. firms, and their level of focus on the media industries both appear to improve economic performance. These results, based on data available when AOL Time Warner and Vivendi Universal M&;A deals took place, raise the issue of the economic rationality of such mergers.     

The Economic Logic of Copyright

Summary

Current efforts in Congress to strengthen the copyright protection afforded databases should seriously concern all librarians but especially those in legal reference. The reliance on databases, primarily those of Lexis-Nexis and Westlaw, make the users of such services particularly vulnerable to the exercise of monopoly power that copyright grants. An understanding of the unique economic characteristics of “information” and its relation to the public domain is essential to evaluating the economic, let alone social-democratic, impact of current proposals. This paper argues “economic logic” in and of itself does not necessarily support the provision of stronger copyright in general and for databases in particular.     

A conceptual approach to secure electronic elections based on patterns

Electoral processes are complex and need to be secure, reliable, and auditable. It is then important to define ways to evaluate their functional completeness and correction as well as their security and reliability. Many solutions to specific aspects of voting have been proposed but we do not know of any holistic view of this process. We present a unified approach to elections based on a conceptual model built using software patterns. A set of analysis patterns describe the structure and management of an election. The patterns describe voter registration, ballot structure, election day management, voting process, and the complete election. A conceptual model is built from the analysis patterns and defines precisely the functional properties of such a system together with its security requirements. The conceptual model is defined using UML diagrams that can be extended or complemented with formal methods to make the system verifiable. We show how to continue to the design phase for this system. While the model will not apply exactly to all elections it can be used as a reference architecture for voting applications and to show explicitly the security considerations for these kind of events. It can also be used for existing elections to verify that they have the required security provisions. The model can also be used as a reference for researchers to integrate their solutions in the complete process.     

医学论文中划分不规范现象分析

分析科技论文中经常出现的违反划分规则的错误：多出子项；划分标准不同一；子项相容。认为编辑正确掌握划分规则，提高逻辑修养十分必要。     

The Acquisition of Russian Publications Through Independent Book Agents

Abstract

Librarians frequently have the opportunity to purchase Russian publications from nontraditional retail outlets, such as authors, book agents, or other independent sources, rather than book vendors. These transactions take place for a number of reasons, but generally they are done to acquire specialized materials that are not readily available through established outlets. In addition, the domestic price of Russian books is substantially lower than the prices charged by foreign vendors and as a result independent Russian purchasing agents can offer books at very competitive prices. Unfortunately, because these transactions do not follow established library procedures, they are often very labor-intensive and difficult to complete.     

Vietnamese Law

Abstract

This bibliography is designed to assist students and scholars of both the history and contemporary features of the Vietnamese legal system. In particular, it takes a broad view of the interconnectedness of law and society. The result of positioning law and society as mutually reflective is that the bibliography includes materials shedding light on Vietnamese history, politics, culture and social and economic development. Although it does not offer an exhaustive listing on these wider issues, it equips the researcher to explore these issues as a corollary of legal research.     

Do we need to move from communication technology to user community? A new economic model of the journal as a club

Much of the argument around reforming, remaking, or preserving the traditions of scholarly publishing is built on economic principles, explicit or implicit. Can we afford open access (OA)? How do we pay for high‐quality services? Why does it cost so much? In this article, we argue that the sterility of much of this debate is a result of failure to tackle the question of what a journal is in economic terms. We offer a way through by demonstrating that a journal is a club and discuss the implications for the scholarly publishing industry. We use examples, ranging from OA to prestige journals, to explain why congestion is a problem for club‐based publications, and to discuss the importance of creative destruction for the maintenance of knowledge‐generating communities in publishing.     

Economic Hard Times and Public Library Use:

This research examines the librarians' rule of thumb which suggests that public library use increases during economic hard times. A report of British research by Warr and Payne is men- tioned to show that American response to economic stringency does not mirror British behavior regarding similar stimuli. Research find- ings from the American study indicate that a stringent test of the librarians' axiom reveals no significant relationship between library use and the economy. A more relaxed interpretation of the data sug- gests a positive relationship between library cards in force and local unemployment rates but a negative relationship behveen circulation figures and local inflation rates. Overall, the study uncovers no com- pelling data to support the librarians' axiom.