通过社会救助实施社会保护--基于弱势群体的社会保障制度重构

作为一种职业安全保障措施，社会保险对弱势群体人口的保护低于社会救助，但是目前我国社会救助体系还没有建立起来，因此完善社会救助制度显得尤为迫切。基于弱势群体人口的社会救助包含的基本内容有最低生活保障、医疗救助、教育救助、廉租房、法律援助、再就业援助、农村扶贫以及社会互助。     

论我国社会救助的多元化主体

在我国现代社会救助体系中,国家承担着第一责任主体角色。此外,由慈善机构、扶贫机构、社会救助团体等非政府组织和社会成员之间开展的社会互助是我国社会救助的又一重要主体,是对政府救助必不可少的补充。承认并确立社会救助的多元主体,给予社会互助以必要的扶持并营造其良性发展所需的社会环境,是完善我国社会救助体系的必然选择。     

城市流浪人员社会救助探析

通过提出了完善我国城市流浪乞讨人员社会救助制度的对策建议.笔者结合我国国情,提出了三条完善我国城市流浪乞讨人员社会救助制度的对策建议:构建完善的社会保障制度;加强立法,完善法律配套措施;加强部门合作,协调救助,通力管理.     

乡村振兴背景下完善我国农村社会救助体系建设的路径思考

农村社会救助体系关乎民生问题，完善的体系建设在国家、社会和个人层面都有着积极意义。近几年来，经过政府和社会各阶层的努力，我国农村社会救助体系已基本建立且日趋完善，但现阶段乡村振兴背景下，我国农村社会救助体系面临着新的问题和挑战。文章在分析我国农村社会救助体系现状的基础上，提出了完善我国农村社会救助体系的相关建议，以充分发挥社会救助在乡村振兴进程中的重要作用。     

构建低收入群体救助体系问题的研究 ——以内蒙古巴彦淖尔市为例

随着我国经济发展,低收入群体的生活状况越来越受到政府和社会的广泛关注。以内蒙古巴彦淖尔市低收入群体救助体系建设为出发点,分析了低收入群体救助制度的现状以及存在的若干问题,并对产生的原因进行了分析,提出了完善低收入救助体系的针对性对策。     

我国慈善组织介入社会救助：困境与对策

慈善组织是我国社会救助的主体之一,其介入社会救助能够有效弥补政府救助的不足。然而由于相关法律制度不健全、政社不分、公信力缺失和社会慈善文化淡薄等原因,我国慈善组织在介入社会救助过程中面临着“领军式”组织少、救助效率低、专业人员少、筹资能力不足、彼此缺乏协调互助等现实困境。为完善我国社会救助体系,不仅要优化慈善组织介入社会救助的外部环境,更要加强慈善组织的内部能力建设。     

人口老龄化背景下老年贫困人口社会救助现状及对策分析

文章通过分析人口老龄化背景下老年人面临的贫困风险状况和目前我国社会救助面临的部分问题，从制度多主体供给和完善顶层设计两方面提出对策建议，以期为完善社会救助制度与积极应对人口老龄化和老年贫困风险做出贡献。     

完善社会救助体系促进林芝和谐发展——浅析林芝地区社会救助工作

本文根据林芝地区实际，简要论述社会救助工作在和谐社会建设中的作用，分析林芝社会救助制度存在的主要问题，提出完善社会救助制度的一些思考。     

中国社会救助制度发展的战略分析

我国的反贫困工作仍然艰巨,面临挑战。面对由于各种原因引起的原有的获新生的贫困问题,通过分析社会救助制度发展的战略需求、战略资源供给及其瓶颈,确定社会救助制度的目标、内容及主要任务,我们需要从管理体制、财政支持、队伍建设和法制保障等四个方面进一步完善我国社会救助制度。     

社会福利保障的改革之路

新中国成立后,随着社会经济的发展,我国也相应建立起社会保障制度。按照我国的文化传统,社会保障制度主要包括社会保险、社会福利、社会救助和优抚几大项。目前,我国在城镇已建立了以高就业为基础的社会保险体系;在农村以国家救济和集体办福利事业为主的自助式社会保障制度也已形成。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence