中小学开展心理健康教育应注意的几个问题

本阐述了中小学开展心理健康教育的重要性，并提出了在中小学开展心理健康教育工作应注意的六个问题。     

小学生社会支持、应对方式与心理健康的研究

采用社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷、心理健康诊断测验,对402名学生社会支持、应对方式与心理健康进行了研究。结果表明：（1）从总体来看,小学生心理问题的检出率为10．1％;从各个因子来看,学习焦虑检出率最高（51．03％）;小学生心理健康状况存在年级、性别差异。（2）小学生社会支持方面年级、性别差异显著,而应对方式上年级差异显著、性别差异不显著。（3）高社会支持组心理健康状况显著优于低社会支持组,低消极应对组和高积极应对组的心理健康状况显著优于对应的高消极应对组和低积极应对组。（4）主观支持、对支持利用度与MHT总分及除自责倾向外的诸因子相关显著,客观支持与孤独倾向相关显著;两种应对方式均与MHT总分及除自责倾向和过敏倾向外的诸因子相关显著。（5）主观支持以及积极应对和消极应对均进入了回归方程,对小学生心理健康状况具有显著预测作用。     

Developing a student-led school mental health strategy

Although there is increasing interest in promoting mental health and wellbeing within education, to date, the voices of young people appear to have been almost completely overlooked in the development of school-based mental health practices. This is despite increasing focus on young people’s participation; and the fact that young people may be best positioned to understand the pressures of contemporary society. This paper, co-authored by educational psychologists (EPs), school students and the school vice-principal, documents the development of a student-led mental health initiative within a high-achieving girls’ grammar school, led by students aged 12–18. Following EP input, the students devised a whole-school, student-friendly mental health strategy with the support of the EPs and senior school staff. As the project progressed, it became evident that applying even carefully selected adult mental health models to school contexts might not be appropriate; instead the students advocated for young person-friendly, innovative, contemporary and creative ways of communicating information about mental health, which avoided stigma. The students involved were well-placed to identify environmental stressors and to disseminate their strategy. The authors conclude that mental health planning in schools should encourage greater student participation, show caution over applying adult mental health models and promote greater use of technology or visual resources.     

积极心理学——学校心理健康教育的新思路

积极心理学是近年兴起的一个研究思潮,它从正面解析人的心理,强调美德、力量与潜能。我国传统模式下的学校心理健康多在"问题为中心"的消极模式下展开,强调对心理问题的化解,忽视对中小学生积极品质的培养。这种偏重使得心理健康教育本体价值偏离,逐渐走入困境。学校心理健康引入积极心理学的观点,有助于矫正偏颇,在施教中更好的促进中小学生心理的健康发展。     

A healthy start: promoting mental health and well-being in the early primary school years

Mental health problems in children represent a significant international health concern, with up to one in five children using mental health services during the course of any given year. Identifying the processes of what prevents social, emotional and behaviour difficulties (SEBD) and promotes healthy development from an early age can make a significant contribution to the promotion of positive mental health in children. This article describes a longitudinal study which sought to identify the risk and promotive factors as young children move from the early to junior years in primary school. Multilevel analysis was used to identify the individual, classroom, school, home and community factors that predict change in SEBD and in prosocial behaviour in the early school years. It also calculated the cumulative effect of the various risk and promotive factors on the pupils’ well-being and mental health. The article presents the windows of vulnerability and opportunity for young children’s healthy development, proposing a trajectory for healthy development in early and middle childhood.     

Building secure attachments for primary school children: a mixed methods study

Despite the wide implications of attachment theory there remains a lack of research exploring interventions which encapsulate the principles of an attachment-based framework in the school context. The aim of this research was to address this gap by implementing an intervention for a group of five primary-aged pupils with identified insecure attachment styles, and a key adult figure in the school context. The 10 week intervention consisted of weekly sessions based in a mainstream primary school. The research adopted a mixed methodology, with a predominant qualitative focus. The perceptions of children in relation to attachment concepts were explored both before and following the intervention. The findings revealed positive changes in the children’s behaviours and experiences, in that the children’s Internal Working Models were positively shifted, and impacted on their social and emotional behaviours.     

浅谈中小学校的绿化规划

本文就中小学校校园绿化规划,分主体建筑、体育运动场地、自然科学实验园地等方面进行了阐述.     

谈中小学开展心理健康教育的教和育

正确理解和运用心理健康教育中的教与育,是实现中小学心理健康教育目标的根本保障。文章阐述了中小学开展心理健康教育中教和育的特点与功用,分析了当前中小学心理健康教育中在教和育方面存在的问题,提出了以育为主、以教为辅的基本理念和具体措施。     

中学生自我概念与心理健康研究

采用《田纳西自我概念量表》和《中学生心理健康量表》对重庆市两所中学305名学生进行调查,探讨中学生自我概念与心理健康影响因素及其相互关系。结果表明:中学生具有较积极的自我概念,但心理健康状况不容乐观。心理健康问题突出表现在情绪不平和学习压力两个方面,其次是焦虑和人际关系紧张与敏感;自我概念正向因子与心理健康问题呈负相关,负向因子与心理健康问题呈正相关;心理自我、社会自我、自我批评、家庭自我、自我满意对心理健康问题有显著的预测作用。     

Outpatient mental health services for children in foster care: a national perspective

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors influencing the use of outpatient mental health services provided by mental health professionals (OMHS) for children in foster care using a national probability sample in the United States. METHOD: As part of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being, detailed survey data were collected on 462 children, ages 2-15, who had been in out-of-home care for approximately 12 months at the time of sampling. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine how clinical need, as measured by a Total Problem, Externalizing, or Internalizing Scale T-score of 64 or greater on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and non-clinical factors affected OSMHS use. RESULTS: Over half of the children in the sample received at least one OMHS. Need, older age, and history of sexual abuse history all positively predicted OMHS. A history of physical neglect negatively predicted OSMHS. African-Americans used fewer services than children of Caucasian ancestry at all values on the CBCL. This finding was particularly salient at lower levels of CBCL scores; at higher levels, the discrepancy in the use of services diminished but the proportion of children receiving services remained lower for African-American children. CONCLUSIONS: This national study confirms previous findings regarding the use of mental health services based on regional data. Limitations in the use of services imposed by non-clinical factors, specifically, age, race/ethnicity and type of abuse, need to be examined in order to address implicit and explicit policies and practices that may result in inequitable distribution of services.     

Talking for reasoning among Mexican primary school children

We analysed the development and promotion of ‘exploratory talk’ as a discursive tool to facilitate collective and individual reasoning in Mexican primary school children, following Mercer et al. (Br. Educ. Res. J. 25 (1999) 95) in the UK equivalent experimental and control groups of primary school children were administered a group and an individual problem-solving test before and after training. Teachers of the experimental groups trained their respective students to use competently exploratory talk to make their reasoning visible to others for solving diverse problems. In contrast with control children, experimental ones used significantly more exploratory talk, and this gain was accompanied by a substantial improvement in group and individual problem-solving. Results confirm sociocultural claims that language can function as a powerful tool to facilitate reasoning in social contexts, confirming previous UK findings.     

Closing the gap in school mental health: A community‐centered model for school psychology

Disciplines involved in the development and/or provision of services in school mental health have recognized the promise of evidence‐based practices in meeting the growing unmet mental health needs of children, adolescents, and families in this country. As a result, School Psychology has strongly emphasized the development and dissemination of evidence‐based practices through professional development opportunities and published literature. Despite these efforts, evidence‐based practices are not implemented as widely or as effectively as intended. This article describes a community‐centered (CC) model for closing the research‐to‐practice gap in school mental health. CC models emphasize both adopting new practices successfully and improving existing practices through a process of planning, implementation, and evaluation, and an exemplar framework based in a CC model is presented and applied to school mental health. The role of school psychologists in leading schools to adopt CC models is discussed, and next steps for changes to training, practice, and research paradigms are presented. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

The effects of the Primary Movement programme on the academic performance of children attending ordinary primary school

The present study investigated the prevalence of a primary reflex (the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex) in children attending ordinary primary school and how this related to attainments in a number of academic areas. The effectiveness of a specific movement intervention programme in reducing primary reflex persistence and improving academic attainment was also evaluated.
A comparative study of the progress of 683 children over a two-year period from Years 3 and 5, who completed an intervention programme known as Primary Movement, was carried out using the relative attainments of children at the same schools and standardised scores as baseline and follow-up measures. A second, quasi-experimental study followed the progress of four parallel groups in each of two large schools with the experimental side completing the movement intervention programme while the other side acted as the control.
It was found that ATNR persistence was significantly associated with level of attainments in reading, spelling and mathematics and that boys were more at risk than girls for ATNR persistence. In both studies, it was found that the movement intervention programme had a very significant impact on reducing the levels of ATNR persistence in children and that this was associated with very significant improvements in reading and mathematics, in particular.
This research provides further evidence of a link between the attainment of core educational skills and the interference that may result from an underlying developmental deficit. The effectiveness of the intervention programme in reducing ATNR persistence and in increasing academic attainments suggests that this programme could be used to complement other strategies that have been shown to have a positive effect on children's learning.